Effect of grain angle on shear strength of Douglas-fir wood

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Gupta ◽  
Arijit Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Shear Plane ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Rolling Shear ◽  
Grain Angle ◽  
Shear Block ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The effect of grain angle (GA) on shear strength of Douglas-fir has been evaluated. Shear block specimens with a GA varying from 0 to 90° was loaded in the shear plane, resulting in failure mode transitioning from parallel to grain shear to rolling shear. As expected, shear strength decreased as the GA increased from 0° to 90°. A root-mean-square equation was found to be suitable to predict the relationship between GA and shear strength. Traditional Hankinson formula and the Tsai-Wu criteria were less effective with this regard.

The Relationship of Root Mean Square Value of Electromyography and Isometric Torque of Quadriceps in Normal Subjects

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Qiurong XIE ◽  
Zheng JIANG ◽  
Qinglu LUO ◽  
Jie LIANG ◽  
Xiaoling WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Isometric Torque ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Relationship Between Millennials and Brand Loyalty: Mediating Brand Loyalty Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Dhameeth, S. Gehan ◽  
Ochi, Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Brand Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Root Mean Square Residual ◽  
Mediating Factors ◽  
The Relationship

<p><em>The purpose of this study is to identify factors (brand elements) that mediate between Millennials and brand loyalty, and to test a theoretical model that includes these mediating factors in describing the relationship between millennials and brand loyalty. The study focused on the key factors that we identified and hypothesized to mediate the relationship between millennials and brand loyalty. The quantitative study surveyed two hundred and fifty-three (n=253) respondents randomly drawn. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to test a model of the relationship between the mediating factors, millennials and brand loyalty. All model fit parameters were well within acceptable bounds. The Comparative Fit Index (CFI) was 0.999, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was 0.018, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) was 0.022. However, we believe that the model is over-fitting the data, and this is not surprising given that there are 22 variables and 253 data points. These results show promise, but require further investigation in a second phase of the inquiry. This study limited itself to surveying millennials, brand loyalty, and the seven mediating factors we identified and hypothesized to play a role in mediating between them. Based on this study, brand management strategies are proposed.</em><em></em></p>

Developing a model of the determinants of medication nonadherence in older community-dwelling patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 942-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Affraic McLoughlin ◽  
Kathleen Bennett ◽  
Caitriona Cahir
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Medication Nonadherence ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Medication nonadherence is associated with adverse health outcomes in older populations. The aim of this study was to develop a model that describes the relationship between the determinants of nonadherence, per the World Health Organization (WHO) model of nonadherence and the necessity–concerns framework (NCF) and nonadherence in a cohort of older community-dwelling patients. A retrospective cohort study of 855 community-dwelling patients aged ≥70 years from 15 practices. Medication nonadherence was assessed by (i) medication possession ratio (MPR < 80%) and (ii) the median MPR across all drugs dispensed. Patient questionnaires, interviews, and medical records measured the determinants of nonadherence per the WHO and NCF frameworks. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was undertaken to generate the model of best fit. Two structural equation models (SEM) were developed to evaluate the relationship between the WHO factors, the NCF, and nonadherence (Model 1: MPR < 80%, Model 2: median MPR). The CFA produced a reasonable fit (χ2(113) = 203, p < .001; root mean square error of approximation = 0.03; comparative fit index = 0.98, and weighted root mean square residual = 0.97) and adequate internal consistency (r = .26–.40). SEM analysis (Model 1) showed a significant direct relationship between patient-related (β = 0.45, p < .01), socioeconomic (β = 0.20, p < .01), and therapy-related factors (β = −0.27, p < .01) and nonadherence (MPR < 80%). Similar results were found for Model 2 (median MPR). There was a significant direct relationship between medication concerns (β = −0.13, p < .01) and nonadherence. Therapy-related (β = −0.04, p < .05) and patient-related factors (β = −0.06, p < .05) also had a significant mediating effect on nonadherence through medication concerns. Health care professionals need to address medication concerns and management of adverse effects in older populations to improve adherence and clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Resistência ao cisalhamento de vigas de concreto autoadensável com adição de fibras de aço

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Gustavo Savaris ◽  
Isabela de Gois Laufer
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Steel Fibers ◽  
Strength Prediction ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete

The use of self-compacting concrete has increased for several reasons over recent decades but, mainly due to its high fluidity, which dispenses of the need for concrete vibrators, ease of casting, higher quality and better compacting, allowing the production of slender pieces, with a higher reinforcement ratio. However, even self-compacting concrete exhibits brittle failure behavior and low tensile and shear strength, issues that can be mitigated with the use of steel fibers. Aiming to investigate the shear strength in self-compacting concrete beams with steel fibers, this study presents a database collected from 113 experimental tests in the literature. Using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the Collins’ Demerit Points Classification (DPC), five code-based equations and ten experimental based equations for the prediction of the shear capacity of SFRC beams were evaluated. The results show that, unlike concrete without the addition of fibers, increase in aggregate dimensions decreases the shear strength with the use of steel fibers in SCC beams. Additionally, the increase in fiber volume corresponds to an increase in concrete shear strength with a maximum compressive strength of 50 MPa. The results also demonstrate that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is better for evaluating the precision but not the safety of the shear strength prediction equations, which are better determined by Collins’ Demerit Points Classification (DPC). Code-based equations for ultimate shear strength prediction of fiber reinforced concrete beams presented results with satisfactory safety and economy.

scholarly journals Indicators of wavefunction (de)localisation for avoided crossing in a quadrupole quantum billiard

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Won Park ◽  
Juman Kim ◽  
Jisung Seo ◽  
Songky Moon ◽  
Kabgyun Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Renyi Entropy ◽  
Rényi Entropy ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Inverse Participation Ratio ◽  
Participation Ratio ◽  
Avoided Crossing ◽  
Quantum Billiard ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between wavefunction (de)localisation and avoided crossing in a quadrupole billiard is analysed. The following three-types of measures are employed for wavefunction (de)localisation: inverse participation ratio, inverse of Rényi entropy, and root-mean-square (RMS) image contrast. All these measures exhibit minimal values at the centre of the avoided crossing, where the wavefunction is maximally delocalised. Our results indicate that these quantities can be sufficient for the indication of wavefunction (de)localisation.

scholarly journals Computation and Evaluation of Features of Surface Electromyogram to Identify the Force of Muscle Contraction and Muscle Fatigue

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar P. Arjunan ◽  
Dinesh K. Kumar ◽  
Ganesh Naik
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Surface Electromyogram ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between force of muscle contraction and muscle fatigue with six different features of surface electromyogram (sEMG) was determined by conducting experiments on thirty-five volunteers. The participants performed isometric contractions at 50%, 75%, and 100% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Six features were considered in this study:normalised spectral index (NSM5), median frequency, root mean square, waveform length, normalised root mean square (NRMS), and increase in synchronization (IIS) index. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression analysis were performed to determine the significance of the feature with respect to the three factors: muscle force, muscle fatigue, and subject. The results show that IIS index of sEMG had the highest correlation with muscle fatigue and the relationship was statistically significant (P<0.01), while NSM5 associated best with level of muscle contraction (%MVC) (P<0.01). Both of these features were not affected by the intersubject variations (P>0.05).

scholarly journals The effect of chemical erosion on mechanical properties and fracture of sandstone under shear loading: an experimental study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cancan Chen ◽  
Shoujian Peng ◽  
Shankang Wu ◽  
Jiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Microscope Imaging ◽  
Coal Rock ◽  
Chemical Solutions

AbstractIn order to study the effect of water-rock interactions on shear strength characteristics, we performed shearing tests under varying hydrochemical environments. Moreover, a custom meso-shear test equipment for coal rock was used for the tests. Through 3D scanning of the shear fractures and scanning electron microscope imaging, we studied the effect of different pH chemical solutions on the shear strength and fracture characteristics of sandstones. We obtained three main results. With increasing solution acidity or alkalinity, water-hemical solution corrosivity increases. Moreover, the shear strength of sandstones reduces almost linearly and the fracture surfaces become smoother. The erosive effect is evidenced by the decrease in fracture surface fluctuations, roughness and the high-order microbulges, and scaling of the grain structure. A collection of characteristic parameters, including the maximum height Sh, the root mean square deviation Sq, the area ratio SA, and the slope root mean square S∆q, can be used to quantitatively describe the rough and irregular texture of the fracture surface.

Direction of the relationship between methamphetamine use and positive psychotic symptoms in regular methamphetamine users: evidence from a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Leanne Hides ◽  
Gary Chan ◽  
Sharon Dawe ◽  
Rebecca McKetin ◽  
David J. Kavanagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
Methamphetamine Dependence ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background Methamphetamine has been consistently associated with positive psychotic symptoms, but little is known about whether the reverse also occurs. Aims This study determined whether the relationship between methamphetamine use and positive psychotic symptoms is bidirectional over 12 months. The impact of lifetime psychotic disorders and methamphetamine dependence on these relationships was also examined. Method A total of 201 regular (at least monthly) primary methamphetamine users were recruited from free needle and syringe programmes in three Australian cities. Data on the frequency of methamphetamine and other drug use (from Timeline Followback inteviews) and the severity of positive psychotic symptoms (using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) in the past 2 weeks were collected in 12 contiguous monthly face-to-face interviews (mean of 9.14/11 (s.d. = 3.16) follow-ups completed). Diagnoses were derived using the Psychiatric Research Interview for DSM-IV Substance and Mental Disorders. Results The mean age of participants was 31.71 years (s.d. = 8.19) and 39% (n = 77) were women. At baseline 55% (n = 110) were dependent on methamphetamine and 51% (n = 102) had a lifetime psychotic disorder. Cross-lagged dynamic panel models found a significant bidirectional relationship between psychotic symptoms and methamphetamine use (Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.94, standardised root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.05, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.05, 95% CI 0.04–0.06). The magnitude of the relationship in each direction was similar, and the presence of methamphetamine dependence or a lifetime psychotic disorder did not have an impact on results. Conclusions A dynamic, bidirectional relationship between methamphetamine and psychotic symptoms of similar magnitude in each direction was found over 1 year. This suggests integrated treatments that target methamphetamine, psychotic symptoms and their interrelationship may be of most benefit.

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