Quantification of polypropylene (PP) in wood plastic composites (WPCs) by analytical pyrolysis (Py) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Windt ◽  
Dietrich Meier ◽  
Ralph Lehnen
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Analytical Pyrolysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Ratio ◽  
Sustainable Product Development ◽  
Sustainable Product ◽  
Analytical Tools

Abstract The common use of wood together with traditional chemical polymers opens new possibilities in the field of sustainable product development. Wood plastic composites (WPCs) are an ideal combination of these raw materials, which can be produced with standard plastic technology such as extrusion or injection moulding. Wood to plastic ratio in a WPC influences quality and price, thus adaptation of analytical tools for material testing and quality assurance is required. In this study, the suitability of analytical pyrolysis (Py) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was investigated to quantify the amount of polypropylene (PP) in WPCs. The reliability of these methods was tested by analysing WPCs with different ratios of wood and PP. The amount of PP can be determined with DSC based on its melting point as the influence of wood is negligible in this context. The increment of typical PP markers and decrement of wood markers was observed and quantified in the pyrograms if the PP content in WPCs was elevated. Thus, the ratio of PP and wood can be reliably quantified by means of online and offline analytical pyrolysis.

scholarly journals Quantification of polypropylene in wood plastic composites (WPCs) by means of differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko KOBAYASHI ◽  
Satoshi KUBO ◽  
Makoto KIGUCHI ◽  
Yutaka KATAOKA ◽  
Masahiro MATSUNAGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites

Examination of chemical composition of wood-plastic composites by differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy

Polimery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (05) ◽  
pp. 333-339
Author(s):  
Tomasz Golofit ◽  
Tomasz Zielenkiewicz ◽  
Jakub Gawron ◽  
Katarzyna Cieslak ◽  
Waldemar Tomaszewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites

Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Multi-Generations Hyperbranched Polyurethane Based on Isophorone Diisocyanate

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Yin ◽  
Ning Sun ◽  
Chun Yun Feng ◽  
Zhi Mou Wu ◽  
Zhao Hua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
Isophorone Diisocyanate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Hyperbranched Polyurethane

A series of different generation hyperbranched polyurethane(HBPU) was synthesized based on the raw materials of isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI) and diethanolamine(DEOA). Their structure, thermal degradation mechanism and glass transition temperature(Tg) were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR), thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The results showed that: the yield of each generation HBPU was up to 90%, different generation HBPU had almost the same initial degradation temperature(about at 200°C) and they all had two decomposition platforms; with the increase of generation, Tg increased from 107.2°C to 132.1°C. The gloss and hardness of the HBPU coatings were significantly improved.

Synthesis and properties of resol-type phenol-formaldehyde resins prepared from H2SO4- and HCl-catalyzed phenol-liquefied Cryptomeria japonica wood

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Jau Lee ◽  
Chen-Ling Kang ◽  
Kuo-Chun Chang ◽  
Yi-Chun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Japanese Cedar ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Liquefied Wood

Abstract Wood of Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese cedar) was liquefied in phenol with H2SO4 or HCl as catalysts and used as raw materials to prepare phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins. The curing behavior and adhesion properties of resins prepared were investigated. Wood liquefied with H2SO4 as a catalyst had better liquefaction effect than that with HCl; however, the reaction of resin synthesis was hard to control due to its quickly increasing viscosity. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis shows that PF resins prepared from HCl-catalyzed liquefied wood had higher reactivity than those of H2SO4-catalyzed wood. These PF resins were employed for manufacturing three-layer plywood. The wet bonding strength of plywood prepared with resins from HCl-catalyzed liquefied wood exceeded 0.7 MPa and fulfilled the requirement of the CNS 1349 standard.

scholarly journals Properties of Wood–Plastic Composites Manufactured from Two Different Wood Feedstocks: Wood Flour and Wood Pellets

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2769
Author(s):  
Geeta Pokhrel ◽  
Douglas J. Gardner ◽  
Yousoo Han
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transportation Costs ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Plastic Composites

Driven by the motive of minimizing the transportation costs of raw materials to manufacture wood–plastic composites (WPCs), Part I and the current Part II of this paper series explore the utilization of an alternative wood feedstock, i.e., pellets. Part I of this study reported on the characteristics of wood flour and wood pellets manufactured from secondary processing mill residues. Part II reports on the physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)-based WPCs made using the two different wood feedstocks, i.e., wood flour and wood pellets. WPCs were made from 40-mesh wood flour and wood pellets from four different wood species (white cedar, white pine, spruce-fir and red maple) in the presence and absence of the coupling agent maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP). With MAPP, the weight percentage of wood filler was 20%, PP 78%, MAPP 2% and without MAPP, formulation by weight percentage of wood filler was 20% and PP 80%. Fluorescent images showed wood particles’ distribution in the PP polymer matrix was similar for both wood flour and ground wood pellets. Dispersion of particles was higher with ground wood pellets in the PP matrix. On average, the density of composite products from wood pellets was higher, tensile strength, tensile modulus and impact strength were lower than the composites made from wood flour. Flexural properties of the control composites made with pellets were higher and with MAPP were lower than the composites made from wood flour. However, the overall mechanical property differences were low (0.5–10%) depending on the particular WPC formulations. Statistical analysis also showed there was no significant differences in the material property values of the composites made from wood flour and wood pellets. In some situations, WPC properties were better using wood pellets rather than using wood flour. We expect if the material properties of WPCs from wood flour versus wood pellets are similar and with a greater reduction in transportation costs for wood pellet feedstocks, this would be beneficial to WPC manufacturers and consumers.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Process and Technological Aspects of Wood-Plastic Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Sumit Manohar Yadav ◽  
Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis ◽  
Kapil Sihag
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Manufacturing Methods

This review deals with recent works on the process and technological aspects of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) manufacturing.The term WPCs relates to any composites that contain plant (including wood and non-wood) fibers and thermosets or thermoplastics. Recent progress relevant to wood-plastic composites has been cited in this review. This articleintended to outline the results presented on wood-plastic composites focusing on process and technological aspects such as raw materials, fabrication, mechanical, physical, thermal, and morphological properties. The manufacturing process of WPCs is an important aspect of WPCs production. Manufacturing methods like compression molding and pultrusion have some limitations. Extrusion and injection molding are the most widely used manufacturing processes in WPCs due to their effectiveness. Recent developments dealing with WPCs and the use of different kinds of nanofillers in WPCs have also been presented and discussed. Nanoclays are widely used as nanofillers in WPCs because they represent an eco-friendly, readily available in large quantity, and inexpensive filler. WPCs are finding applications in many fields ranging from the construction to the automotive industry.Keywords: additive manufacturing, adhesion, fabrication techniques, mechanical and physical properties, wood-plastic composites

scholarly journals Internal Structure Quality Control of Solid Pharmaceuticals. A Comparative Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Silvia Imre ◽  
Timea Haidu ◽  
Oana Ponta ◽  
Szende Vancea ◽  
Camil-Eugen Vari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
Dissolution Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray

AbstractObjective: The aim of the study was a comparative investigation by spectral and thermal analysis in order to asses a number of characteristics of different varieties ofrawmaterials of ursodeoxycholic acid and ibuprofen. The different dissolution behavior of two ursodeoxycholic acid pharmaceutical product by crystallinity pattern was investigated. Methods: Raw materials of ursodeoxycholic acid and ibuprofen were used. IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis were applied. Results: The results show no crystallinitydifferences for different batches of the tested drugs. No solid solid transition was proved during sample preparation for transmission IR analysis. Conclusions: A combination of two more affordabletests by IR spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry lead to the same results as X-Ray diffraction analysis for crystallinity similarity assessment of the studied substances. The dissolution differences of test drugs were not related to the polymorphism of the raw materials.

Synthesis and characterization of temperature-sensitive hydrogels

e-Polymers ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangming Hu ◽  
Weimin Cheng ◽  
Zhenlu Shao ◽  
Lin Xin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Cross Linker ◽  
Analytical Tools

AbstractA series of fire-resistant, temperature-sensitive hydrogels were synthesized via free radical polymerization using N-isopropylacrylamide as a temperature-sensitive monomer, N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linker, ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator, and other raw materials including acrylic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), and attapulgite clay (APT). The structures and properties of superabsorbent hydrogels were studied using different analytical tools such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/differential scanning calorimetry. The effects of the monomer, cross-linker, and other reactants (AMPS and APT) on the water absorption ability of the hydrogels were analyzed; moreover, the effect of valence of metal ions was also examined. SEM images revealed the surface of the hydrogels as uneven and corrugated. The surface toughness increased with increasing APT. The addition of APT and AMPS increased the thermal resistance of the hydrogels but decreased the temperature sensitivity. Furthermore, the swelling ratio of the hydrogels decreased with the increase in salt solution concentration and valency of metal cation present in the salt solutions.

Research on Technology of Wood-Plastic Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 630 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Hua Yong Zhang ◽  
Xiao Jian Liu ◽  
Hai Yan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Thermoplastic Resin ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Recycled Plastics

Wood-plastic composites were produced by heating, blending and extruding with recycled plastics and wood fiber as chief raw materials and some thermoplastic resin as the additive. The compounding formula and producing craft were researched and optimized. The influence of the ratio of wood fiber and additives was examined. Wood-plastics composites with excellent performance were produced.

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