scholarly journals Methods and Magnitudes of Rapid Weight Loss in Judo Athletes Over Pre-Competition Periods

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Lima Kons ◽  
Marina Saldanha Da Silva Athayde ◽  
Bruno Follmer ◽  
Daniele Detanico
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Anthropometric Assessment

AbstractThe study aimed to analyse the methods and magnitudes of rapid weight loss (RWL) in judo team members in distinct periods before the biggest state competition in Southern Brazil.Twelve male judo athletes took part in the study. The data collection was performed in three periods: (1) three months before the biggest state competition, (2) one week before the competition, (3) the day prior to the event. Anthropometric assessment and the Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire were performed. Student’sThe main results showed that the majority of athletes reduced 7.1 ± 6.8 kg and started to lose weight to compete 13–16 years earlier. Increasing exercises (91.7%) and restricting fluid intake (41.7%) were the most frequent methods of weight loss. The judo coach/sensei was the person who most influenced the RWL procedure (58.3%). The athletes reduced 5% of their body weight (p < 0.01), 2.4% of their body fat (We conclude that RWL was a common and premature practice in the athletes in the study. The most common methods were increasing exercise volume and restricting fluid and food intake. The coach/sensei was the most influential person in this practice. The judo athletes presented decreases in body fat and fat-free mass during the period prior to the competition.

Resistive training increases fat-free mass and maintains RMR despite weight loss in postmenopausal women

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 818-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Ryan ◽  
R. E. Pratley ◽  
D. Elahi ◽  
A. P. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Resistive Training

Percent body fat increases with age and is often accompanied by a loss in muscle mass, strength, and energy expenditure. The effects of 16 wk of resistive training (RT) alone or with weight loss (RTWL) on strength (isokinetic dynamometer), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), resting metabolic rate (RMR) (indirect calorimetry), and sympathetic nervous system activity (catecholamines) were examined in 15 postmenopausal women (50–69 yr). RT resulted in significant improvements in upper and lower body strength in both groups (P < 0.01). The nonobese women in the RT group (n = 8) did not change their body weight or fat mass with training. In the obese RTWL group (n = 7), body weight, fat mass, and percent body fat were significantly decreased (P < 0.001). Fat-free mass and RMR significantly increased with training in both groups combined (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in resting arterialized plasma norepinephrine or epinephrine levels in either group with training. RT increases strength with and without weight loss. Furthermore, RT and RTWL increase fat-free mass and RMR and decrease percent fat in postmenopausal women. Thus, RT may be a valuable component of an integrated weight management program in postmenopausal women.

Lower limit of body fat in healthy active men

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 933-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Friedl ◽  
R. J. Moore ◽  
L. E. Martinez-Lopez ◽  
J. A. Vogel ◽  
E. W. Askew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Healthy Men

We examined body composition changes in 55 normal young men during an 8-wk Army combat leadership training course involving strenuous exercise and low energy intake, with an estimated energy deficit of 5.0 +/- 2.0 MJ/day and a resultant 15.7 +/- 3.1% weight loss. Percent body fat (BF) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) averaged 14.3% (range 6–26%) and 5.8 +/- 1.8% (range 4–11%) at the beginning and end of the course, respectively. Men who achieved a minimum percent BF (4–6%) by 6 wk demonstrated only small additional total and subcutaneous fat losses in the final 2 wk and sacrificed increasingly larger proportions of fat-free mass. Percent BF estimated from skinfold thicknesses reflected relative changes in fat mass, although actual percent BF was overestimated. Instead of reaching a plateau after fat stores were substantially depleted, abdominal, hip, and thigh girths continued to decline with body weight loss. Final percent BF for the leanest men was similar to that observed after a 25% body weight reduction in the 1950 Minnesota study (5.2% by underwater weighting), and height-corrected final fat mass was the same (1.0 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.7 kg fat/m2), suggesting that these values represent a minimal body fat content in healthy men and that weight loss subsequent to achieving this level is contributed from the fat-free mass. Our results suggest that 4–6% BF or approximately 2.5 kg fat represents the lower limit for healthy men, as assessed by DEXA or by underwater weighing.

The Influence of Age, Sex and Body Mass Index on the Effectiveness of Brisk Walking for Obesity Management in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Mabire ◽  
Ramakrishnan Mani ◽  
Lizhou Liu ◽  
Hilda Mulligan ◽  
David Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Brisk Walking ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Fat Percentage

Background:Brisk walking is the most popular activity for obesity management for adults. We aimed to identify whether participant age, sex and body mass index (BMI) influenced the effectiveness of brisk walking.Methods:A search of 9 databases was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two investigators selected RCTs reporting on change in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, fat-free mass, and body fat percentage following a brisk walking intervention in obese adults.Results:Of the 5072 studies screened, 22 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled mean differences were: weight loss, –2.13 kg; BMI, –0.96 kg/m2; waist circumference, –2.83 cm; fat mass, –2.59 kg; fat-free mass, 0.29 kg; and body fat percentage, –1.38%. Meta-regression of baseline BMI showed no effect on changes.Conclusions:Brisk walking can create a clinically significant reduction in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass for obese men and women aged under 50 years. Obese women aged over 50 years can achieve modest losses, but gains in fat-free mass reduce overall change in body weight. Further research is required for men aged over 50 years and on the influence of BMI for all ages and sexes.

Abstract P410: Alternate Day Fasting with a High Fat Diet: Impact on Body Weight, Body Composition, and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Profile in Obese Adults

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica C Klempel ◽  
Cynthia M Kroeger ◽  
Krista A Varady
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Alternate Day Fasting

Background: Alternate day fasting (ADF) with a low-fat (LF) diet is effective for weight loss and cardio-protection. However, the applicability of these findings is questionable as most Americans consume a high-fat (HF) diet. This study examined if these beneficial changes in weight and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk can be reproduced if a HF diet is used in place of a LF diet during ADF. Methods: Thirty-two obese subjects were randomized to an ADF-HF (45% fat) or ADF-LF diet (25% fat), which consisted of two phases: 1) a 2-week baseline weight maintenance period, and 2) an 8-week ADF weight loss period. All food was provided to subjects. Results: Body weight was reduced (P < 0.0001) by ADF-HF (5 ± 1%) and by ADF-LF (4 ± 1%). Fat mass decreased (P < 0.0001) by ADF-HF (5 ± 1 kg) and ADF-LF (4 ± 1 kg). Fat free mass remained unchanged. Waist circumference decreased (P < 0.001) by ADF-HF (7 ± 1 cm) and ADF-LF (7 ± 1 cm). LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were reduced (P < 0.01) by both interventions (ADF-HF: 18 ± 5%, 14 ± 5%; ADF-LF: 24 ± 3%, 14 ± 4%). The proportion of small LDL particles decreased (P < 0.05) in the ADF-HF and ADF-LF groups by 8 ± 3% and 10 ± 4%. Conclusion: Thus, an ADF-HF diet produces similar reductions in weight and CHD risk as an ADF-LF diet. These findings are important in terms of diet tolerability and long-term adherence to ADF diets.

scholarly journals Body weight recovery after rapid weight loss may relate to meal frequency or time in wrestlers

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Kondo ◽  
Keiko Motonaga ◽  
Satoko Ozawa ◽  
Yoshiko Ishii ◽  
Akiko Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss

EFFECTS OF PHYSIOLOGIC TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT ON BODY WEIGHT AND FAT-FREE MASS IN HIV INFECTED WOMEN WITH WEIGHT LOSS.

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. S145
Author(s):  
H. H. Choi ◽  
O. M. Calof ◽  
C. Padero ◽  
R. P. Mac ◽  
A. B. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Testosterone Replacement

380 EFFECTS OF PHYSIOLOGIC TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT ON BODY WEIGHT AND FAT-FREE MASS IN HIV INFECTED WOMEN WITH WEIGHT LOSS.

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S145.5-S145
Author(s):  
H. H. Choi ◽  
O. M. Calof ◽  
C. Padero ◽  
R. P. Mac ◽  
A. B. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Testosterone Replacement

Wheel running of kangaroo rats, Dipodomys merriami, as related to food deprivation and body composition

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Dill ◽  
L. F. Soholt ◽  
J. D. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Initial Amount ◽  
Kangaroo Rats ◽  
Dipodomys Merriami ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat

Kangaroo rats deprived of food ran themselves to death in 48 h in wheel cages. Despite the loss of 14.5% of body weight the ratio of water to protein was the same after the run as it was in control rats. Metabolic measurements at rest and in the running wheel and weight loss in the 48-h run were used to estimate fuels used and water expended. Two-thirds of the initial amount of fat and 9% of the protein were metabolized. The terminal mean percentage of body fat was about twice that observed in rats trapped in the spring of 1967, when seed production was low: death in the 48-h run could not have been due to depletion of body fat alone. The powerful activity drive seen in hungary kangaroo rats presumably is intensified in dry years when food is scarce and may deplete their reserves enough to result in death from starvation.

scholarly journals Effects of Ad Libitum Low Carbohydrate Versus Low Fat Diets on Body Weight and Fat Mass

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 658-658
Author(s):  
Alex Schick ◽  
James Boring ◽  
Amber Courville ◽  
Isabelle Gallagher ◽  
Juen Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Fat Loss ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Objectives To describe the effects of ad libitum low-fat (LF) and low-carbohydrate (LC) diets on body weight and fat mass. Methods Sixteen adults without diabetes spent 29 continuous days residing at the Metabolic Clinical Research Unit of the NIH Clinical Center where they were fed ad libitum either an animal-based, LC diet (75% fat, 10% carbohydrates, 15% protein) or a plant-based, LF diet (75% carbohydrates, 10% fat, 15% protein). Participants were randomly assigned to one diet for the first phase of the study (14 days), after which they were switched to the other diet for the remainder of the study. Participants were given three meals daily and were provided with additional snacks amounting to 200% of their daily energy requirements as determined by their resting energy expenditure multiplied by 1.6. Subjects were told that this was not a weight loss study and were not informed about the primary study aim. They were instructed to eat as much or as little as they desired. Total body weight and fat mass were measured using a calibrated scale and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively. Subjects were blinded to their data and wore loose-fitting scrubs to avoid any feedback regarding changes in the fit of their clothing. Results Subjects included 7 women and 9 men, with an age of (mean ± SE) 29 ± 1.7 years and BMI of 27.5 ± 1.5 at baseline. Participants lost weight on both diets, with the LC diet resulting in 1.34 ± 0.31 kg of weight loss (P = 0.0006) and the LF diet resulting in 1.09 ± 0.31 kg of weight loss (P = 0.003) which was not significantly different from the LC diet (P = 0.58). However, participants lost 0.6 ± 0.17 kg of body fat on the LF diet (P = 0.002) but the LC diet did not result in significant body fat loss (0.04 ± 0.17 kg; P = 0.8) and the difference in body fat loss between the diets was statistically significant (P = 0.03). Conclusions While participants lost similar amounts of weight on both diets, only the LF diet led to significant body fat loss. Early weight loss with a LC diet does not necessarily reflect a similar state of negative energy balance as compared with a LF diet. Funding Sources Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

Effects of Rapid Weight Loss on Balance and Reaction Time in Elite Judo Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1371-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Morales ◽  
Carla Ubasart ◽  
Mónica Solana-Tramunt ◽  
Israel Villarrasa-Sapiña ◽  
Luis-Millán González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Judo Athletes ◽  
Experimental Group

Balance, reaction time, and strength are key factors affecting judo performance. Although ample research has been done examining potential strength changes caused by weight loss prior to competition, changes in balance and reaction time have been overlooked. Purpose: To examine the effects of rapid and progressive weight loss (RWL and PWL) on balance, reaction time, and strength in a group of elite judo athletes. Methods: A total of 38 female and male judo athletes (age = 20.6 [2.6] y) completed balance, reaction-time, and strength assessments 1 wk prior to an official weigh-in (pretest) and immediately after the weigh-in (posttest). The athletes were divided into 3 groups, 1 control group who maintained regular training and eating habits, 1 experimental group who engaged in PWL (<3% reductions in body mass), and a second experimental group who used RWL techniques (>3% reductions in body mass). Results: The RWL group showed significant decreases (P < .05) in balance performance (ellipse area: 4.83 [0.87] vs 6.31 [1.39] mm2 with eyes closed; mean mediolateral velocity: 2.07 [0.2] vs 2.52 [0.45] mm·s−1 with eyes closed; and mean anteroposterior velocity: 2.25 [0.20] vs 2.51 [0.32] mm·s−1 with eyes open and 2.44 [0.26] vs 3.06 [0.56] mm·s−1 with eyes closed) and reaction time (0.38 [0.04] vs 0.42 [0.06] s) with no changes in strength from pretesting to posttesting. The athletes in the PWL and control groups maintained performance in all variables. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate negative effects on perceptual motor-skill performance in judo athletes engaging in RWL strategies prior to competition.

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