Does it take a village? Fostering gender equity among early adolescents in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecka Lundgren ◽  
Susannah Gibbs ◽  
Brad Kerner
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Community Interventions ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rural Nepal

AbstractBackground Gender inequity contributes to a range of poor health outcomes. Early adolescence presents a window of opportunity for gender transformative interventions to shift inequitable gender norms, attitudes and behaviors.Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate a set of individual, family and community interventions to increase gender equity among very young adolescents (VYAs) in rural Nepal.Methods Two communities received the individual-level Choices intervention as well the family and community Voices and Promises interventions (CVP). Two comparison communities received only Choices. Samples of 1200 VYAs and 600 parents were interviewed at baseline before implementation and at end line 1 year later.Results In both CVP and Choices only areas most measures of gender norms, attitudes, and behaviors improved, suggesting a positive effect of the individual-level intervention. Increases in norms, attitudes, and behaviors reported by VYAs were generally greater in CVP areas compared to Choices areas, suggesting an added benefit from the family and community interventions. Parent-reported measures did not demonstrate an intervention effect of the family and community interventions. Uneven evaluation results, particularly among parents, may reflect implementation challenges such as the compressed 3-month intervention period due to the 2015 earthquakes and subsequent political unrest.Conclusion Overall findings are encouraging and suggest that adding family and community interventions may improve gender equity.

Beliefs on Marital Violence Among Portuguese Adolescents: Monitoring Their Evolution and Relationship With Dating Violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-380
Author(s):  
Sofia Neves ◽  
Miguel Cameira ◽  
Sónia Caridade
Keyword(s):  
Dating Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Marital Violence ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Portuguese Adolescents

In the last two decades, the problem of violence in the family sphere in particular and in intimate relationships in general has been on the agenda for Portuguese governmental and nongovernmental agencies. Several initiatives and campaigns have been launched, which are aimed at reducing occurrence of this violence, particularly among teenagers. This present study aims to assess the evolution in adolescents' attitudes and behaviors concerning intimate partner violence. We collected data from a sample of adolescents (n = 913) to compare with corresponding data collected 7 years ago by Neves and Nogueira (2010) in a sample that had identical sociodemographic characteristics (n = 899). Both cohorts resided in the same areas in the northeastern region of Portugal. The instruments used were the Scale of Beliefs about Marital Violence (ECVC) and the Marital Violence Inventory (IVC; Neves & Nogueira, 2010). The results indicate that although respondents tend to reject traditional beliefs on marital violence more now than in the past, especially male and older respondents, the percentage of dating violence reports has not decreased. Among girls, there was even an increase in perpetration of emotional and mild physical violence. We discuss possible reasons for this discrepancy between the evolution of attitudes and behaviors and make suggestions for improvement in the actions implemented among teenagers to increase their effectiveness.

scholarly journals Multidimensionality of gender ideology and relationships with gendered practices: an exploratory analysis across Europe in 2002 and 2012

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heejung Chung ◽  
Pia S. Schober
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gender Culture ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
International Social

Many researchers assume a one-dimensionality of gender ideology constructs and/or stability of dimensions across countries and time, yet these assumptions have rarely been tested. WE apply factor analyses on two waves of the International Social Survey Programme in 2002 and 2012, and comparable European countries to test this. Our results show that gender ideologies can be distinguished into distinctive domains that relate to mother’s employment, women’s work, men’s role in the family, and finally women’s breadwinning. These dimensions have be found to be relatively stable across countries and time. Results from regression models investigating different aspects of the gender division of labour suggest that distinguishing dimensions is less important when considering gender ideologies at the individual level but can make a big difference when examining gender culture at the country level.

scholarly journals The Scanian Economic-Demographic Database (SEDD)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Dribe ◽  
Luciana Quaranta
Keyword(s):  
Data Resource ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Intermediate Data ◽  
Linkage Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rural Parishes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Source Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

The Scanian Economic-Demographic Database (SEDD) is a high-quality longitudinal data resource spanning the period 1646-1967. It covers all individuals born in or migrated to the city of Landskrona and five rural parishes in western Scania in southern Sweden. The entire population present in the area is fully covered after 1813. At the individual level, SEDD combines various demographic and socioeconomic records, including causes of death, place of birth and geographic data on the place of residence within a parish. At the family level, the data contain a combination of demographic records and information on occupation, landholding and income. The data for 1813-1967 was structured in the model of the Intermediate Data Structure (IDS). In addition to storing source data in the SEDD IDS tables, a wide range of individual- and context-level variables were constructed, which means that most types of analyses using SEDD can be conducted without the need of further elaboration of the data. This article discusses the source material, linkage methods, and structure of the database.

scholarly journals Getting the most out of family data with the R package fSRM

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Stas ◽  
Felix D. Schönbrodt ◽  
Tom Loeys
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
R Package ◽  
Family Data ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Different Levels

Family research aims to explore family processes, but is often limited to the examination of unidirectional processes. As the behavior of one person has consequences that go beyond that one individual, Family functioning should be investigated in its full complexity. The Social Relations Model (SRM; Kenny & La Voie, 1984) is a conceptual and analytical model which can disentangle family data from a round-robin design at three different levels: the individual level (actor and partner effects), the dyadic level (relationship effects) and the family level (family effect). Its statistical complexity may however be a hurdle for family researchers. The user-friendly R package fSRM performs almost automatically those rather complex SRM analyses and introduces new possibilities for assessing differences between SRM-means and between SRM-variances, both within and between groups of families. Using family data on negative processes, different type of research questions are formulated and corresponding analyses with fSRM are presented.

scholarly journals Political Socialization in New Democracies: Legacies of Repression and Pre-Democratic Partisanship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Domike Blackman ◽  
Nicholas Lotito ◽  
Elizabeth Nugent ◽  
Daniel L Tavana
Keyword(s):  
Political Attitudes ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Family Socialization ◽  
State Repression ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Democratic Elections

Family socialization is a key mechanism for the transmission of political attitudes and behaviors. Work in developed democracies highlights the role of family socialization in the stability of partisanship across generations. But what of family socialization in new democracies? In this paper, we develop a framework for understanding how experiences with state repression and the process of family socialization influence new democracies after transition from authoritarian rule. In doing so, we combine findings from established literature on processes of family socialization with political psychological work on how repression crystallizes political identities. We examine how individual-level experiences of state repression shape political participation and partisanship in Tunisia, an important and rare contemporary case of successful (and still ongoing) democratic transition. Drawing on a nationally representative survey conducted in 2017, we find evidence that Tunisian citizens whose family and community members who were arrested are more likely to vote in subsequent democratic elections and to vote against the old regime. While individuals who were arrested under the previous authoritarian regime are less likely to turn out to vote, in line with research on the demobilizing effects of repression, those that do vote are strong partisans and are more likely to vote for the former opposition and anti-old regime parties. This paper lays out a broader project on how the different socialization processes in authoritarian regimes affect political attitudes and behaviors after democratization.

scholarly journals Alignment of values and political orientations amplifies climate change attitudes and behaviors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Keith Smith ◽  
Lynn M. Hempel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Climate Change Attitudes

Anthropogenic climate change presents an immediate threat, necessitating a rapid shift in climate change relevant behaviors and public policies. A robust literature has identified a number of individual-level determinants of climate change attitudes and behaviors. In particular, political orientations and self-transcendent values are amongst the most consistent and substantive predictors. But, political orientations and individual values do not operate in isolation of each other, and rather are deeply related constructs. Accordingly, this analysis focuses on identifying the direct and interactive effects of political orientations and human values on climate change attitudes and behaviors. Adopting cross-national data from 16 Western European states (2016 ESS), we find that when in alignment, the effect of human values on climate change concern and policy support is amplified by political orientations. The moderating effect of political orientations is most substantive for self-transcendence (positive) and conservation (negative) values.

scholarly journals Impact of Wars and Conflicts on Women and Children in Middle East: Health, Psychological, Educational and Social Crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaser Snoubar ◽  
Nurdan Duman
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Individual

The wars and armed conflicts in many regions of the world and especially in the Middle East have an eloquent impact on all life's happenings most especially in areas affected. Wars destroys community infrastructure such as health, education and other social services sectors. As of present, the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East had left a significant impact on the family and the individual in the areas affected. In the family, it has lead to disintegration and roles change. It is also lead to forced migration and asylum. At the individual level, it have impacted negatively in terms of psychology, social and physical wellbeing. Women and children are the most affected by traumatic events of war and they are the most vulnerable to all types of exploitation and abuse. The devastating effects of war on this vulnerable group can hardly be overemphasized. This paper discusses the problems faced by children and women in war and conflict zones. It also explores physical, mental health, social and educational crisis experienced by women and children in the Middle Eastern society. A society that is known to have witnessed many civil wars and armed conflicts. In addition, the study also discusses social and health services which must be provided to women and children in conflict affected area from the social work perspective.

International Ethical Attitudes and Behaviors

2010 ◽  
pp. 55-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Yates ◽  
Albert Harris
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Ethical Attitudes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
And Behaviors

Organizational information security policy must incorporate organizational, societal, and individual level factors. For organizations that operate across national borders, cultural differences in these factors, particularly the ethical attitudes and behaviors of individuals, will impact the effectiveness of these policies. This research looks at the differences in attitudes and behaviors that exist among five different countries and the implications of similarities and differences in these attitudes for organizations formulating information security policies. Building on existing ethical frameworks, we developed a set of ethics scenarios concerning data access, data manipulation, software use, programming abuse, and hardware use. Using survey results from 599 students in five countries, results show that cultural factors are indicative of the differences we expected, but that the similarities and differences among cultures that should be taken into account are complex. We conclude with implications for how organizational policy makers should account for these effects with some specific examples based on our results.

Assessing Similarity of Meaning at the Individual and Country Level

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fons J.R. Van de Vijver ◽  
David Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Skills ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Interdependent Self ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

The question was addressed as to whether individual-level and country-level score differences of a measure of the Independent and Interdependent Self, the Adult Sources of Self-Esteem Inventory (ASSEI) have the same meaning, using two-level exploratory factor analysis in a group of 5,258 college students and other adults from 19 countries. A two-factor solution based on factors interpreted as representing the Independent and Interdependent Self was highly similar at the individual and country levels, suggesting the applicability and similarity of meaning of the factors at both levels. The factors differed from the common conceptualization of in(ter)dependence in that at both levels the Independent Self involved both intrapersonal and interpersonal skills, while the Interdependent Self was narrowed down to unselfishness and being a good member of the family, community, and society. Finally, it was found that the two factors were not retrieved in all countries, indicating that the ASSEI did not measure the same in all countries.

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