On a Rational Performance Evaluation for the Development of Inorganic Membrane Technology in Gas Separation and Membrane Reactors

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo M. Avila ◽  
Eleuterio L. Arancibia
Keyword(s):  
Gas Separation ◽  
Concentration Polarization ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Transport Modeling ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Evaluation Protocol

Abstract Inorganic membranes can be made of different materials. However, there have been only few reports on membrane evaluation to convert lab-scale membranes into a prototype for industrial applications. In order to fill this significant gap, new approaches for the development and optimization of membrane products are required. This work focuses on the different aspects related to the performance assessment of membranes used for gas separation and membrane reactors. This approach can be visualized as an algorithm consisting of three specific loops involving different aspects of the overall membrane evaluation. Several factors that have an impact on membrane performance are discussed. These factors are divided into two categories: directly affecting the measurements (setup leakage, concentration polarization, repeatability, pressure gradient) and related to the intrinsic characteristics of permeation flux across the membrane (single and mixture permeation, transport modeling, defect flux, microstructure flexibility). This evaluation protocol includes a literature review with the most recent breakthroughs in this research area.

scholarly journals Catalytic Membrane Reactors: The Industrial Applications Perspective

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Catia Algieri ◽  
Gerardo Coppola ◽  
Debolina Mukherjee ◽  
Mahaad Issa Shammas ◽  
Vincenza Calabro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Catalytic Membrane ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Catalytic Membrane Reactors

Catalytic membrane reactors have been widely used in different production industries around the world. Applying a catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) reduces waste generation from a cleaner process perspective and reduces energy consumption in line with the process intensification strategy. A CMR combines a chemical or biochemical reaction with a membrane separation process in a single unit by improving the performance of the process in terms of conversion and selectivity. The core of the CMR is the membrane which can be polymeric or inorganic depending on the operating conditions of the catalytic process. Besides, the membrane can be inert or catalytically active. The number of studies devoted to applying CMR with higher membrane area per unit volume in multi-phase reactions remains very limited for both catalytic polymeric and inorganic membranes. The various bio-based catalytic membrane system is also used in a different commercial application. The opportunities and advantages offered by applying catalytic membrane reactors to multi-phase systems need to be further explored. In this review, the preparation and the application of inorganic membrane reactors in the different catalytic processes as water gas shift (WGS), Fisher Tropsch synthesis (FTS), selective CO oxidation (CO SeLox), and so on, have been discussed.

Membrane-Assisted Reactor Engineering

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Doraiswamy
Keyword(s):  
Plug Flow ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Shape Selectivity ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Reactor Material ◽  
Membrane Tube

Like zeolites that combine shape selectivity with catalysis, membranes combine separation with catalysis to enhance reaction rates. The dual functionality of zeolites derives from the nature of the catalytic material, whereas that of membranes derives from the nature of the reactor material. The catalyst in the membrane reactor can be a part of the membrane itself or be external to it (i.e., placed inside the membrane tube). The chief property of a membrane is its ability for selective permeation or permselectivity with respect to certain compounds. Organic membrane reactions are best carried out in reactors made of inorganic membranes, such as from palladium, alumina, or ceramics. Good descriptions of these reactions and the membranes used are available in many reviews, for example, Gryaznov (1986, 1992), Stoukides (1988), Armor (1989), Govind and Ilias (1989), Bhave (1991), Zaspalis and Burggraaf (1991), Hsieh (1989, 1991), Shu et al. (1991), Shieh (1991), Gellings and Bouwmeister (1992), Tsotsis et al. (1993b), Harold et al. (1994), Saracco and Specchia (1994), Sanchez and Tsotsis (1996). A recent trend has been to develop polymeric-inorganic composite type membranes formed by the deposition of a thin dense polymeric film on an inorganic support (Kita et al., 1987; Rezac and Koros, 1994, 1995; Zhu et al., 1996). Another class of membranes under development for organic synthesis is the liquid membrane (Marr and Kopp, 1982; Eyal and Bressler, 1993). The permselective barrier in this type of membrane is a liquid phase, often containing a dissolved “carrier” or “transporter” that selectively reacts with a specific permeate to enhance its transport rate through the membrane. Our main concern in this chapter will be with inorganic membrane reactors. We commence our treatment with an introduction to the exploitable features of membrane reactors (with no attempt to describe membrane synthesis). Then we describe the main variations in design and operating mode of these reactors, develop performance equations for the more important designs, and compare the performances of some important designs with those of the traditional mixed- and plug-flow reactors. Finally, we present a summary of the applications of membrane reactors in enhancing the rates of organic reactions.

Inorganic Membranes for Hydrogen Production from the Water-Gas Shift Reaction: Materials, Reactor Design, and Simulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ping Ding ◽  
Zehong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Reactor Design ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Water Gas Shift ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Wgs Reaction ◽  
Water Gas

Inorganic membranes for gas separation and purification have attracted great research interest. One application utilizing these materials is for H2 production from the water-gas shift reactions (WGS). The exothermic, reversible WGS reaction is controlled by thermodynamic equilibrium and exhibits decreased conversion with increasing temperatures. It is envisaged that the reaction conversion will surpass the equilibrium value if the reaction is conducted in a hydrogen-permselective membrane reactor, where the hydrogen product can be continuously removed from the reactor to shift the reaction equilibrium. In this article, the most recent development on material synthesis and fabrication of microporous ceramic membranes and dense palladium-based metal membranes are firstly reviewed according to their performance for H2 permeance and permselectivity over slightly larger molecules. The modification methods for improving membrane structure integrity, hydrophobicity, and stability at high temperature operation are also discussed. Subsequently, inorganic membrane reactors for the WGS reaction are evaluated in terms of CO conversion, hydrogen purity and operation parameters. Finally, modeling on gas transport through inorganic membranes and simulation of membrane reactors are discussed. By comparing the performance of various membranes, future prospective and improvement on membrane preparation and membrane reactor design are proposed.

Recent Research in Catalytic Inorganic Membrane Reactors

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Present Contribution

The two most important, and often the most expensive, steps in a chemical process are usually the chemical reactor and the separation of the product stream. Both the process economics and the efficient use of natural resources could be improved by the combination of these two operations into a single unit operation, leading to potential savings in energy and reactant consumption and reduced by-product formation. One promising way to accomplish this combination is the use of membrane separation and catalytic reaction together in a multifunctional reactor. Until relatively recently, the use of membranes was restricted to low temperature processes with mild chemical environments, which could be tolerated by polymeric materials. Recent advances in inorganic materials have expanded the range of membrane use, to include high temperature and chemically harsh environments. This has allowed inorganic membranes to be integrated into catalytic reactors. This area was reviewed previously by the present author (Dixon, 1999). The present contribution seeks to review literature and new developments in the succeeding four and a half year period, since the end of 1998. Research directions that were previously considered promising are re-evaluated here, and new ideas since then are presented.

scholarly journals Membranes for Gas Separation Current Development and Challenges

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1085-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norwahyu Jusoh ◽  
Yin Fong Yeong ◽  
Kok Keong Lau ◽  
Mohd Shariff Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Separation ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Mixed Matrix

—A new bang of natural gas demand has opened up the opportunities towards the utilization of membrane technology for the purification process.The advantages in terms of smaller footprint, lower weight, minimum utility requirement and low labor intensity make them appropriate for wide scale applications. Polymeric membrane is one of the greatest emerging fields in membrane material development. Nevertheless, the separation performance of the existing polymeric materials were reached a limit in the trade-off between permeability and selectivity. The development of inorganic material gives a significance improvement in membrane performance but it outrageously expensive for many applications and having complicated procedure during fabrication process have limit the application of inorganic membrane in gas separation. Thus, a rapid demand in membrane technology for gas separation and the effort toward seeking the membranes with higher permeability and selectivity has motivated the development of mixed matrix membrane. Mixed matrix membrane (MMM) which incorporating inorganic fillers in a polymer matrix is expected to overcome the limitations of the polymeric and inorganic membranes. Apart from an overview of the different membrane materials for gas separation, this paper also highlights the development of mixed matrix membrane and challenges in fabrication of mixed matrix membranes.

scholarly journals Gas Permeation Characteristics across Nano-Porous Inorganic Membranes

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R Othman, H. Mukhtar ◽  
A.L. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Knudsen Diffusion ◽  
Gas Permeation ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Inorganic Membrane ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Inorganic Membranes ◽  
Operational Parameters

An overview of parameters affecting gas permeation in inorganic membranes is presented. These factors include membrane physical characteristics, operational parameters and gas molecular characteristics. The membrane physical characteristics include membrane materials and surface area, porosity, pore size and pore size distribution and membrane morphology. The operational parameters include feed flow rate and concentration, stage cut, temperature and pressure. The gas molecular characteristics include gas molecular weight, diameter, critical temperature, critical pressure, Lennard-Jones parameters and diffusion volumes. The current techniques of material characterization may require complementary method in describing microscopic heterogeneity of the porous ceramic media. The method to be incorporated in the future will be to apply a stochastic model and/or fractal dimension. Keywords: Inorganic membrane, surface adsorption, Knudsen diffusion, Micro-porous membrane, permeation, gas separation.

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