Design and Numerical Analysis of an All-optical 4-channel Power Splitter in E, S, C, L, and U Bands via Nano-line Defects in Photonic Crystal

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Saeed Olyaee ◽  
Mahmood Seifouri ◽  
Ebrahim Azimi Sourani ◽  
Vigneswaran Dhasarathan
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Fdtd Method ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Square Lattice ◽  
Power Splitter ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Line Defects

AbstractIn the present study, the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a square-lattice photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) is investigated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Then, the plane wave expansion (PWE) method is utilized to calculate the 2D photonic crystal band structure. To realize the desired waveguide, nano-line defects are introduced. The results of the numerical simulations and optimization scanning indicate that for the proposed photonic crystal structure consisting of silicon circular dielectric rods with a radius of 84 nm, a band gap can be achieved in the wavelength range of 1.34 μm<λ<1.93 μm. This wavelength range covers E, S, C, L, and U communication bands. Subsequently, by eliminating the rods in four parts of the structure, an all-optical 4-channel splitter can be designed. The numerical simulation results indicate that by coupling a light source to the main path of the structure and propagating it through each channel, the powers of the 4 output facets become approximately the same. The output power of channels 1 and 2 equals to 24.5 % of the input power, and the output power of channels 3 and 4 is 21 % of the input power and the remaining 9 % is lost in the structure as the leakage power. Since the 1.55 μm wavelength is within the band gap, that is the telecommunication band C, this device can be used as a power splitter.

scholarly journals Low Input Power an All Optical 4 × 2 Encoder based on Triangular Lattice Shape Photonic Crystal

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Naghizade ◽  
H. Khoshsima
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Triangular Lattice ◽  
Fdtd Method ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Optical Encoder ◽  
Low Input ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Linear Effects ◽  
2D Fdtd ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

AbstractAn all optical encoder based triangular lattice shape photonic crystal (PC) is proposed. The device is composed of two ring resonator waveguides and two OR gate with four input ports waveguides and two output ports waveguides in triangular lattice shape PC. The band diagram of base PC structure calculated by plane wave expansion (PWE) method. Also, transmission and distribution of electrical field behaviors of the proposed device are verified by two dimensional finite difference time domain (2D-FDTD) method. The proposed 4 × 2 encoder can operate at third communication window range, considering definitions of logic 0 and 1 being the normalized transmission as less than 3% and greater than 95% respectively. Despite the nonlinear encoders, in our case, due to the non-use of non-linear effects such as Kerr effect, low input power required for encoder.

scholarly journals Design Plasmonic Optical 4×2 Encoder based on 2D Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
samaneh hamedi ◽  
Roozbeh Negahdari ◽  
Hamid Reza Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Optical Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Fdtd Method ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Photonic Crystal Structure ◽  
Square Lattice ◽  
Resonant Cavities ◽  
All Optical

Abstract Digital encoders are one of the key devices required in optical communication and digital signal processing systems. In this paper, a new photonic crystal structure is used to design all optical 4x2 encoder constructed from GaAs rods with square lattice in the pentane bachground based on plasmonic effect. Gold rods have also been used at the interface of dielectric rods and lines defect, which create plasmonic properties into the photonic crystal structure. The designed optical device is composed of four input waveguides and two output waveguides with two ring resonators at the resonant wavelength of 1.4mm with TM polarization. The presented encoder platform has the small size of 19 mm ×33 mm, that makes it to integration into all optical communication systems. The encoder operation is simulated and analyzed with numerical Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method hand Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method. In the proposed structure, we have shown that by selecting the appropriate radius size for the resonant cavities, the desirable wavelength can be obtained. The maximum values of transmission efficiency for the first and second outputs are 82% and 96%, respectively. Resonant cavities are also located in the crystal lattice in such a way that by activating third input, 50% and 48% of the input signal will be obtained in each output ports indicating (1,1) logic state. So the new plasmonic photonic crystal encoder could be future applicable in the field of optical computing.

Design of All Optical XOR Gate based on Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Swarnakar ◽  
Sapna Rathi ◽  
Santosh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Fdtd Method ◽  
Circular Ring ◽  
Square Lattice ◽  
Optical Logic ◽  
Xor Gate ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator

Abstract The photonic crystals (PhC) play an important role in building all optical logic devices and also recommended as solution for opto-electronic bottleneck in terms of speed and size. This paper put forward a design of XOR gate using Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator (PCRR). The ring resonator is a device which provides output on the basis of coupling of mode fields from a linear waveguide to circular ring. The proposed work is designed using two-dimensional (2D) square lattice photonic crystals within the dimensions of $\left( {37a \times 37a} \right)$ by putting silicon (Si) rods in silica (SiO2). The study of device is carried out using finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method and verified using MATLAB.

scholarly journals Band-Gap Solitons in Nonlinear Photonic Crystal Waveguides and Their Application for Functional All-Optical Logic Gating

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Vakhtang Jandieri ◽  
Ramaz Khomeriki ◽  
Tornike Onoprishvili ◽  
Daniel Erni ◽  
Levan Chotorlishvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Photonic Crystal Waveguides ◽  
Optical Logic ◽  
Logical Operation ◽  
Pulse Envelope ◽  
Gap Soliton ◽  
All Optical

This review paper summarizes our previous findings regarding propagation characteristics of band-gap temporal solitons in photonic crystal waveguides with Kerr-type nonlinearity and a realization of functional and easily scalable all-optical NOT, AND and NAND logic gates. The proposed structure consists of a planar air-hole type photonic crystal in crystalline silicon as the nonlinear background material. A main advantage of proposing the gap-soliton as a signal carrier is that, by operating in the true time-domain, the temporal soliton maintains a stable pulse envelope during each logical operation. Hence, multiple concatenated all-optical logic gates can be easily realized paving the way to multiple-input ultrafast full-optical digital signal processing. In the suggested setup, due to the gap-soliton features, there is no need to amplify the output signal after each operation which can be directly used as a new input signal for another logical operation. The efficiency of the proposed logic gates as well as their scalability is validated using our original rigorous theoretical formalism confirmed by full-wave computational electromagnetics.

Concave Rectangle Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator for Ultra-Fast All-Optical Modulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Rebhi ◽  
Radhouene Massoudi ◽  
Monia Najjar
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Insertion Loss ◽  
Ring Resonator ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Optical Modulator ◽  
Nonlinear Photonic Crystal ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator

AbstractIn this paper, an ultra-fast all-optical modulator, based on a new shape of nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonator, is designed and studied. Numerical methods such as plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time domain (FDTD) are used to perform simulations. The modulation technique consists of carrier light controlling by means of input light signal and Kerr effect. The investigation of extinction ratio and insertion loss within the carrier input power shows that the choice of 0.7 W is the optimal value of that power to ensure the tradeoff between both characteristics. The suggested modulator demonstrates an excellent extinction ratio about 20.8018, a very low insertion loss of −13.98 and a short switching time about 13.4 ps. According to the obtained results, the modulator can be considered as an ultra-fast and ultra-compact optical component.

Band Gap Properties of Two-Dimensional Square Lattice Photonic Crystal Composed of Duck-Shaped

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 121602
Author(s):  
刘娟 Liu Juan ◽  
唐吉玉 Tang Jiyu ◽  
陈彦 Chen Yan ◽  
刘洋 Liu Yang ◽  
董贵仁 Dong Guiren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Square Lattice ◽  
Two Dimensional

A New Proposal for Ultra-Compact Polarization Independent Power Splitter Based on Photonic Crystal Structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Razmi ◽  
Mohammad Soroosh ◽  
Yousef S. Kavian
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Photonic Band Gap ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Optical Polarization ◽  
Power Splitter ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Photonic Band ◽  
Polarization Independent

Abstract Polarization dependency imposes great limitations for application of optical device in optical networks and systems. In this paper, we are going to design and propose a 1*2 all optical polarization independent power splitter based on photonic crystal structures. For designing such a device we should employ a fundamental photonic crystal structure which has joint photonic band gap. The obtained results show that at 1,560 nm wavelength the final structure has transmission efficiency equal to 45 % for outputs in both TE and TM modes.

Two-Dimensional Silicon Nitride Photonic Crystal Band Gap Characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 538 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Shou Xiang Chen ◽  
Xiu Lun Yang ◽  
Xiang Feng Meng ◽  
Yu Rong Wang ◽  
Lin Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Photonic Band Gap ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Filling Ratio ◽  
Square Lattice ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Photonic Band

Plane-wave expansion method was employed to analyze the photonic band gap in two-dimensional silicon nitride photonic crystal. The effects of filling ratio and lattice structure type on the photonic band gap were studied. The results showed that two-dimensional dielectric cylinder type silicon nitride photonic crystal only has TE mode band gap, while, the air column type photonic crystal has complete band gap for TE and TM modes simultaneously. The distribution of band gap can be influenced by the filling ratio of dielectric materials and the lattice type. It is shown that the triangular lattice structure is much easier to form band gap than square lattice structure.

Design and Analysis of 3-Input NAND/NOR/XNOR Gate Based on 2D Photonic Crystals

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Esakki Muthu ◽  
VN. Jannath Ul Firthouse ◽  
S. Sorna Deepa ◽  
A. Sivanantha Raja ◽  
S. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuits ◽  
Fdtd Method ◽  
Plane Wave Expansion ◽  
Square Cavity ◽  
Xnor Gate ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Line Defects ◽  
Difference Time

AbstractIn this paper, Two Dimensional (2D) Photonic Crystal (PhC) based 3-input all optical NOR, NAND and XNOR gates is proposed and designed. The proposed device is formed by the combination of line defects and square cavity. The performance of the device is analyzed using 2D Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. The band gap analysis is done by Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method. The device has the lattice constant and refractive index of 616 nm and 3.46, respectively. The dimension of the proposed structure is about 12.5 µm*12 µm which is highly compact and suitable for photonic integrated circuits (PIC).

Band Gaps of Two-Dimensional Square-Lattice Photonic Crystal with Button-Shaped Dielectric Rods

2011 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
S.X. Du ◽  
X. D. He ◽  
B. Liu ◽  
S. J. Li ◽  
Z.M. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Plane Wave ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Expansion Method ◽  
Band Gaps ◽  
Square Lattice ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Plane Wave Expansion ◽  
Plane Wave Expansion Method ◽  
Wave Expansion

In this paper, a new structure of two-dimensional (2D) square-lattice photonic crystal (SLPC) with button-shaped dielectric rods (BSDRs) is designed, and the properties of band gaps are analyzed by Plane Wave Expansion Method (PWM). The optimal samples that possess the width of absolute band gap are obtained by scanning the three parameters: the radius of large circular R in button mark, the ratio of the radius of small circular to the radius of large circular r/R, and the rotating angle of button mark Ө. It is shown that when r/R=0.485, R=0.406um, and Ө =750, the largest absolute band gap of 0.0406 (ωa/2πc) exists for normalized frequencies in the range 0.7501 to 0.7910 (ωa/2πc). Besides，we can get at most five absolute band gaps when r/R=0.485, R=0.406um, and Ө =600.

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