Novel approach to jointly optimize working and spare capacity of survivable optical networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Kumar Singh ◽  
Vanya Arun ◽  
Pallavi Singh ◽  
Kamal Kishore Upadhayay
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Capacity Planning ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Spare Capacity ◽  
Minimum Capacity

AbstractAs technology advancing day by day, the data rate of optical network is moving towards Tb/s speed. The minimum capacity utilization and survivability are the crucial requirement in such high speed optical networks. This research work presents a new approach to calculate both working and spare capacity with the help of single mathematical programming model named as joint capacity planning model. The working traffic and restored traffic are routed jointly in proposed joint capacity planning model. Therefore the joint capacity planning model required minimum capacity in as compare to other optimization models. To evaluate our model, three example networks are proposed i.e., network A (6 node), network B (8 node) & National science foundation network (14 node). Results of these networks are analyzed and compared. The capacity utilization is optimized by increasing the backup paths of the optical networks. It has also been proved in this manuscript that capacity requirement is dependent on the backup path. The proposed joint capacity model provides fast restoration speed and guaranteed protection for optical network.

scholarly journals Modelling and Optimization of Multi-Service Optical Switching Networks with Threshold Management Mechanisms

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1515
Author(s):  
Maciej Sobieraj ◽  
Piotr Zwierzykowski ◽  
Erich Leitgeb
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Switching Networks ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Threshold Mechanism ◽  
Optical Switching Networks

DWDM networks make use of optical switching networks that allow light waves of multiple lengths to be serviced and provide the possibility of converting them appropriately. Research work on optical switching networks focuses on two main areas of interest: new non-blocking structures for optical switching networks and finding traffic characteristics of switching networks of the structures that are already well known. In practical design of switching nodes in optical networks, in many cases, the Clos switching networks are successfully used. Clos switching networks are also used in Elastic Optical Networks that can effectively manage allocation of resources to individual multi-service traffic streams. The research outcomes presented in this article deal with the problems of finding traffic characteristics in blocking optical switching networks with known structures. This article aims at presenting an analysis of the influence of traffic management threshold mechanisms on the traffic characteristics of multi-service blocking Clos switching networks that are used in the nodes of elastic optical networks as well as their influence on the traffic efficiency of network nodes. The analysis was carried out on the basis of research studies performed in a specially dedicated purpose-made simulation environment. The article presents a description of the simulation environment used in the experiments. The study was focused on the influence of the threshold mechanism, which is one of the most commonly used and elastic traffic management mechanisms, and on the traffic characteristics of switching networks that service different mixtures of multi-service Erlang, Engset and Pascal traffic streams. The conducted study validates the operational effectiveness and practicality of the application of the threshold mechanism to model traffic characteristics of nodes in an elastic optical network.

Ethernet Passive Optical Networks

2009 ◽  
pp. 482-488
Author(s):  
Mário M. Freire ◽  
Paulo P. Monteiro ◽  
Henrique J.A. da Silva ◽  
José Ruela
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Multipoint Control ◽  
Upstream Direction ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Ethernet Passive Optical Networks

Recently, Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPONs) have received a great amount of interest as a promising cost-effective solution for next-generation high-speed access networks. This is confirmed by the formation of several fora and working groups that contribute to their development, namely the EPON Forum (http://www. ieeecommunities.org/epon), the Ethernet in the First Mile Alliance (http://www.efmalliance.org), and the IEEE 802.3ah working group (http://www.ieee802. org/3/efm), which is responsible for the standardization process. EPONs are a simple, inexpensive, and scalable solution for high-speed residential access capable of delivering voice, high-speed data, and multimedia services to end users (Kramer, Mukherjee, & Maislos, 2003; Kramer & Pesavento, 2002; Lorenz, Rodrigues, & Freire, 2004; McGarry, Maier, & Reisslein, 2004; Pesavento, 2003). An EPON combines the transport of IEEE 802.3 Ethernet frames over a low-cost and broadband point-to-multipoint passive optical fibre infrastructure connecting the optical line terminal (OLT) located at the central office to optical network units (ONUs) usually located at the subscriber premises. In the downstream direction, the EPON behaves as a broadcast and select shared medium, with Ethernet frames transmitted by the OLT reaching every ONU. In the upstream direction, Ethernet frames transmitted by each ONU will only reach the OLT, but an arbitration mechanism is required to avoid collisions. This article provides an overview of EPONs focused several issues: EPON architecture, multipoint control protocol (MPCP), quality of service (QoS), and operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) capability of EPONs.

Electrical Spreading Code-Based OFDM Optical Access Networks for Budget Enhancement and Reduced System Bandwidth Requirement

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravindra Kumar ◽  
Anand Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Spreading Code ◽  
Optical Access Networks ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
Code Division Multiple

AbstractPassive optical networks based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM-PON) give better performance in high-speed optical access networks. For further improvement in performance, a new architecture of OFDM-PON based on spreading code in electrical domain is proposed and analytically analyzed in this paper. This approach is referred as hybrid multi-carrier code division multiple access-passive optical network (MC-CDMA-PON). Analytical results show that at bit error rate (BER) of 10

An Integrated High-Speed Full Duplex Coherent OFDM-PON and Visible-Light Communication System

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simarpreet Kaur ◽  
Mahendra Kumar ◽  
Ashu Verma
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dispersion Compensation ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Full Duplex

AbstractWe demonstrated a full duplex hybrid passive optical network and indoor optical wireless system employing coherent optical frequency division multiplexing. To accomplish reliable transmission in passive optical networks integrated visible-light communication (VLC), yellow light-emitting diode and infrared LED is used in downstream and upstream, respectively, for intra building network. In order to support high data rate, pulse-width reduction scheme based on dispersion compensation fiber is incorporated and system successfully covered the distance of 50 km. A data stream at the rate of 30 Gb/s is transmitted for each user out of eight users. VLC-supported users are catered with the bit rate of 1.87 Gb/s over 150 cm and in order to realize a low-cost system, visible and infrared LEDs are used in downlink and uplink, respectively.

scholarly journals A Resource Efficient Recovery Strategy for a Failure in Elastic Optical Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 4245-4249
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Blocking Probability ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Live Streaming ◽  
Recovery Strategy ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Path Protection

In the last few years, internet traffic increases continuously due to the more use of live streaming and social sites. To accommodate such high traffic demand the more bandwidth is required. The elastic optical network (EON) is a promising solution for the capacity expansion that can meet the future bandwidth requirement. The EON can provide a higher bit rate. In this paper we purposed a recovery strategy for failure in EON. Our purposed strategy shows the more acceptance rate for randomly generated source (s)-destination (d) requests. Here we considered two topologies viz. COST239 and NSFNET. Then evaluate their performance for Recovery Time, bandwidth blocking probability (BBP) and network capacity utilization (NCU), in which our purposed scheme provides lesser BBP and lower NCU for both topologies and low recovery time than shared path protection (SPP and dedicated path protection (DPP).

SONET/SDH, OTN, and RPR

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-232
Author(s):  
Debasish Datta
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Ring Networks ◽  
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Optical Transport Network ◽  
Basic Concepts

With the emergence of high-speed optical transmission, the pre-existing plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH) appeared unsuitable for achieving network synchronization, leading to the development of the synchronous optical network (SONET) and synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) as the two equivalent standards for circuit-switched optical networks. Several bandwidth-efficient techniques were also developed to carry packet-switched data traffic over SONET/SDH networks, offering some useful data-over-SONET/SDH architectures. Subsequently, with the increasing transmission rates for SONET/SDH and Ethernet-based LANs, a convergent networking platform called optical transport network (OTN), was developed. With the ever-increasing volume of bursty data traffic, a standard for packet-switched ring networks, called resilient packet ring (RPR), was also developed for better bandwidth realization in optical fibers. In this chapter, we first present the SONET/SDH networks and the techniques for supporting the data traffic therein, followed by a description of the basic concepts and salient features of the OTN and RPR networks. (147 words)

High Speed Passive Optical Network Based Elastic Optical Communication System

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhlesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Kamal Kishore Upadhyay ◽  
N. K. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Communication System ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
High Data ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Communication Needs

AbstractFor addressing needs of modern day communication needs, new type of networks are required to be evolved to cater the demand of high data rates. Use of survivable elastic-optical-network (EON) with existing passive-optical-networks (PON) may provide the solution for this. The present work focus on employing EON–PON based wave-length-division multiplexing enabled communication system comprises of 2×5 Gbps for downlink and 2×1 Gbps for uplink over a single-mode-fibre of length 100 km. The results are the evaluated via bit-error-rate analyser, q factor and eye diagrams.

An ultra-dense spacing-based PON by incorporating dual drive Mach–Zehnder modulator for comb generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Navjot Singh ◽  
Bharat Naresh Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Passive Optical Networks ◽  
Differential Phase Shift ◽  
High Data

Abstract Wavelength division multiplexed passive optical is promising technique to achieve a high data rate and large number of user. The notable advantages of WDM PON is the combination of reliability, cheap in cost, accessible bandwidth, high security, large optical reach and it can support large number of ONU. There are multiple approaches to achieve high-speed WDN PON using different transmission techniques. In WDM, multiple lasers are required which increase the cost of the system. To reduce cost, an optical multicarrier generation system is proposed. An economical multiple carrier generation with the incorporation of sine generator and Mach–Zehndar modulator is demonstrated. Utmost work of sine generator and dual drive modulator was to attain low cost functioning of passive optical networks. Multicarrier generation was done and replacement of laser carriers with optical multicarrier generator. Carriers were generated with the frequency spacing of 20 GHz and these carriers were used in the passive optical networks with the tone-to-noise ratio of 40 dB, amplitude difference of 1.4 dB. For the transmission of downstream in the PON, differential phase shift keying was employed at 10 Gbps data speed. Transmission distance achieved was 30 km using single-mode fiber and this was a part of optical distribution network. Optical network unit was next part after ODN and signals were received with balanced receiver. Moreover, half signal was given to intensity modulator for the signal re-modulation. Bit error rate of 10–9 was achieved at all channels in the downstream. An upstream of 10 Gbps was accomplished in the passive optical network.

scholarly journals Burst Assembly Framework for High Speed Optical Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.27) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
H Saini ◽  
A K. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Transmission Control Protocol ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Throughput Performance ◽  
Burst Switching ◽  
Burst Assembly

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is promising technique to support requirements of high speed optical networks. OBS network ingress node assembles packets into bursts. Burst assembly criteria have to be optimally chosen based on network requirements. In this paper, burst assembly framework is presented which can support optimal time/size value selection during burst formation. It is observed that, network with high timeout supports high Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) throughput for a range of burst size. For lower burst timeout values, throughput performance degrades only for small size bursts and further reduction in timeout threshold degrades throughput for range of burst size.  

scholarly journals Maximizing Machine Capacity by Improving Efficiency using Linear Programming Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Linear Programming Model ◽  
Potential Output ◽  
Machine Performance

In the global manufacturing system, machine performance is considered to be one of the vital role in organization wellbeing. In specific analysing the capacity utilization of machines in each shift is a big challenging job in industrial organization. The primary importance is keeping the machines in uptime condition at the same time loading the jobs in machines decides the capacity usage of machines to do the useful jobs. In this paper focus is made on the capacity planning of machines in production shift. capacity utilization measures the actual capacity of machine with respect to the potential output within a specific period. In real situations if the demand for the product increases the production capacity also increases but at the same time if the demand falls capacity will also become very low. Hence in this work attempt has been made to develop a mathematical model for machine capacity planning using linear programming model solved by using LINDO software.

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