Possible complications of using naloxone as an internal opiate antagonist in the investigation of the role of endorphins in osteopathic manipulative treatment

1984 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Payson ◽  
Henry S. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment ◽  
Opiate Antagonist

Treatment of Antidepressant-Resistant Bulimia with Naltrexone

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Jonas ◽  
Mark S. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Opiate Antagonist ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Bulimic Symptoms ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Insight Into

Ten individuals with antidepressant-resistant bulimia were treated with the long-acting opiate antagonist naltrexone. Seven of the ten experienced at least a 75 percent reduction of their bulimic symptoms, and have maintained their improvment on three to five month follow-up. These preliminary data suggest that naltrexone may be of use in bulimia unresponsive to standard antidepressant therapy, and may provide insight into the role of endogenous opioids in the etiology of eating disorders.

scholarly journals P157 Role of osteopathic manipulative treatment in cystic fibrosis: a pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. S103
Author(s):  
V. Fainardi ◽  
S. Benecchi ◽  
F. Longo ◽  
M.C. Tripodi ◽  
M.L. Villani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment

Endogenous opioids and ventilatory responses to hypercapnia in normal humans

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1415-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Weinberger ◽  
R. A. Steinbrook ◽  
D. B. Carr ◽  
E. R. von Gal ◽  
J. E. Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Peptides ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Opiate Antagonist ◽  
Endogenous Opioid Peptides ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Normal Humans

Though administration of opioid peptides depresses ventilation and ventilatory responsiveness, the role of endogenous opioid peptides in modulating ventilatory responsiveness is not clear. We studied the interaction of endogenous opioids and ventilatory responses in 12 adult male volunteers by relating hypercapnic responsiveness to plasma levels of immunoactive beta-endorphin and by administering the opiate antagonist naloxone. Ventilatory responsiveness to hypercapnia was not altered by pretreatment with naloxone, and this by itself suggests that endogenous opioids have no role in modulating this response. However, there was an inverse relationship between basal levels of immunoactive beta-endorphin in plasma and ventilatory responsiveness to CO2. Furthermore, plasma beta-endorphin levels rose after short-term hypercapnia but only when subjects had been pretreated with naloxone. We conclude that measurement of plasma endorphin levels suggests relationships between endogenous opioid peptides and ventilatory responses to CO2 that are not apparent in studies limited to assessing the effect of naloxone.

Naloxone enhances respiratory output in cats

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Lawson ◽  
T. G. Waldrop ◽  
F. L. Eldridge
Keyword(s):  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Opiate Receptors ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Opiate Antagonist ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Phrenic Nerve Activity ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Decerebrate Cats ◽  
End Tidal Co2

To investigate the physiological role of opiate receptors and opiatelike neurotransmitters, which are present in brain-stem respiratory centers, we administered naloxone to 10 cats by intravenous injection. These animals were vagotomized, paralyzed, and servo-ventilated to maintain constant end-tidal CO2; in addition, their carotid sinus nerves were sectioned bilaterally. Respiratory output was assessed by integration of phrenic nerve activity. Control saline infusions had no effect on respiratory output. However, administration of naloxone (0.4 mg/kg) caused phrenic minute output to increase significantly in each of five anesthetized cerebrate cats (control 7,272 +/- 1,615 U/min; 30 min postnaloxone 12,920 +/- 3,857 U/min; P less than 0.05) and five unanesthetized decerebrate cats (control 10,368 +/- 1,222 U/min; naloxone 14,648 +/- 3,225 U/min; P less than 0.05). In addition to the effect on phrenic minute output, naloxone infusion resulted in an increase of the inspiratory rate of rise of phrenic nerve activity in each cat. There was no change in the ratio of inspiratory duration to total respiratory period (TI/Ttot). Because naloxone is a specific opiate antagonist, we suggest that endogenous opiatelike neurotransmitters (endorphins) may modulate central inspiratory drive.

Pituitary beta-endorphin, naloxone, and feeding in several experimental obesities

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (3) ◽  
pp. R173-R184
Author(s):  
M. W. Gunion ◽  
R. H. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Opiate Antagonist ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Beta Endorphin ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Body Weight Dose

The role of beta-endorphin in the development of several obesity syndromes was examined. Adult female hooded rats received ventromedial hypothalamic lesions, dorsolateral tegmental lesions, parasagittal hypothalamic knife cuts, intraventricular 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, ovariectomy, control surgery, or were deprived to 75% of normal body weight. Dose-dependent suppression of food intake by the opiate antagonist naloxone (0.5, 1.8, 6.8, or 25.0 mg/kg, ip) was measured during once-daily 4-h food access periods. No difference was found among the groups at any dose. Pituitary beta-endorphinlike immunoreactivity (BELI) was substantially decreased in knife-cut rats, but was unaltered by other treatments. Obesity had no effect on BELI. In another experiment, rats made obese by prolonged maintenance on palatable foods had elevated pituitary BELI levels. Feeding mechanisms involving opioid peptides do not appear to be of etiological significance in the syndromes examined.

Interruption of parturition in rats by morphine: a result of inhibition of oxytocin secretion

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Russell ◽  
R. G. Gosden ◽  
E. M. Humphreys ◽  
R. Cutting ◽  
N. Fitzsimons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Opiate Antagonist ◽  
Opioid Receptor Agonist ◽  
Μ Opioid Receptor ◽  
Pup Mortality ◽  
Mean Time

ABSTRACT Oxytocin secretion is inhibited by opioids, and oxytocin is important in parturition. The effects on parturition of morphine, a relatively selective μ-opioid receptor agonist, were studied in the rat. Morphine or vehicle with or without the opiate antagonist naloxone were administered immediately after the birth of the second pup and the subsequent course of parturition was recorded in a total of 80 rats. Both s.c. morphine (10 mg/kg) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) morphine (18 μg through a previously implanted cannula) interrupted parturition, delaying the birth of the sixth pup after treatment to 187·3 ± 35·9 (s.e.m.) min and 195·4 ± 19·5 min respectively, compared with 46·4 ± 3·7 and 66·1 ± 17·5 min after vehicle alone. The dose of morphine given i.c.v. had no effect when given s.c. Naloxone given concurrently prevented the effects of morphine. Eventually the rate of parturition in the morphine-treated groups recovered. Perinatal pup mortality rate was not increased when morphine was given to the mothers, but it did inhibit the expression of normal intrapartum maternal behaviour. Pup mortality was increased 48 h post partum by morphine given during parturition, and it reduced the proportion of rats with normal maternal behaviour 24 h post partum. Morphine did not affect spontaneous or oxytocin-stimulated contractile activity of the parturient uterus in vitro. The concentration of oxytocin in trunk blood plasma was decreased 40 min after i.c.v. morphine (24·3 ± 3·9 vs 39·3± 6·5 pmol/l in controls), as was vasopressin (7·2 ± 1·5 vs 19·7 ± 4·5 pmol/l in controls). Intravenous infusion of oxytocin (2–5 mU/min for 144·3 ± 8·2 min; total infused 448·5 ± 61·9 mU) after i.c.v. morphine re-started parturition; all pups were born to these rats (mean time to pup 6, 110·3 ± 12·7 min) before the i.v. vehicle-infused rats given i.c.v. morphine re-started (mean time to pup 6, 406·3±125·2 min). It is concluded that morphine given during parturition acts centrally through opioid receptors to inhibit oxytocin secretion, and impairs the expression of maternal behaviour. Reversal of the effects of morphine on parturition by i.v. oxytocin demonstrates the important role of oxytocin in fetus ejection and expulsion. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 121, 521–536

Opioids and breathing

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1675-1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Santiago ◽  
N. H. Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Opiate Antagonist ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Neonatal Life ◽  
Opiate Drugs ◽  
Recent Developments

This review summarizes recent developments on the effects of opiate drugs and the various endogenous opioid peptides on breathing. These developments include demonstration of receptors and site-specific effects of application of opioids in the pons and medulla, demonstration of variable tolerance of respiratory responses in addicted individuals as well as their offspring, and demonstration of an endogenous opioid influence on breathing in early neonatal life and in certain physiological settings and disease states. The validity and limitations of using naloxone as a tool to uncover postulated endogenous opioid influences are also discussed as well as the potential problems imposed by the various settings in which this opiate antagonist drug is used. It is concluded that some parallelism exists between the role of endogenous opioids in pain modulation and their role in respiration especially in adults. Although more studies are needed especially with regard to defining specific effects of the various opioid receptors and ligands, it is felt that the effects of endogenous opioids on the control of breathing will probably be one of modulating the responses to drugs or nociceptive respiratory stimuli through inhibitory pathways.

Growth hormone, prolactin and cortisol nyctohemeral variations during naloxone-induced opiate receptor blockade in man

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Delitala ◽  
M. Giusti ◽  
G. Rodriguez ◽  
G. Mazzocchi ◽  
S. Ferrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Opiate Receptors ◽  
Opiate Receptor ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Opiate Antagonist ◽  
Endogenous Opioid Peptides ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Blood Specimens

Abstract. To evaluate the role of endogenous opioid peptides in prolactin (Prl), growth hormone (GH) and cortisol neuroregulation, 50 mg of the opiate antagonist naloxone was infused over 24 h to 6 normal male volunteers. An additional naloxone dose (5 mg) was given iv as a bolus injection at 20.00 h. Blood specimens were collected hourly by means of a portable constant withdrawal pump. Naloxone failed to alter 24 h secretion of GH and Prl. The sleep-related GH and Prl rise was also unaffected by the opiate blocker. Moreover, naloxone failed to alter the circadian rhythm of cortisol and its 24 h concentration. The results do not suggest a major role of opiate receptors in spontaneous GH, Prl and cortisol secretion in man.

Vertigo and Balance Disorders – The Role of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Marco Tramontano ◽  
Giacomo Consorti ◽  
Giovanni Morone ◽  
Christian Lunghi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment ◽  
Specialist Care ◽  
Balance Disorders ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Consultation And Referral ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Balance disorders are among the most frequent reasons for consultation and referral to specialist care. Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) can influence the proprioceptive system by inducing alterations in the proprioceptive stimuli, hence affecting postural control. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The present systematic review aimed to explore the effects of OMT in managing patients with vertigo and balance disorders. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> MEDLINE (PubMed), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched. Clinical trials and prospective observational studies were considered. Only studies that considered OMT as the main intervention, provided alone or combined with other interventions, were included. The methodological quality of the evidence was assessed with a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Five studies that enrolled a total of 114 subjects met our inclusion criteria. Overall, it has been observed that there is a positive effect on balance disorders through different outcomes in all of the included studies. Only two studies (9 subjects) mentioned low to moderate adverse events after OMT. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> OMT showed weak positive effects on balance function, encouraging the connection of conventional medicine and evidence-based complementary medicine for integrative clinical practice and interprofessional work. However, full-sized adequately powered randomized trials are required to determine the effectiveness of OMT for vertigo and balance disorders.

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