scholarly journals Synthetic Multiple-Imputation Procedure for Multistage Complex Samples

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanzhi Zhou ◽  
Michael R. Elliott ◽  
Trivellore E. Raghunathan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Imputation ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Efficient Estimation ◽  
Sample Design ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Complex Sample ◽  
Analytic Strategy ◽  
Modeling Strategy

Abstract Multiple imputation (MI) is commonly used when item-level missing data are present. However, MI requires that survey design information be built into the imputation models. For multistage stratified clustered designs, this requires dummy variables to represent strata as well as primary sampling units (PSUs) nested within each stratum in the imputation model. Such a modeling strategy is not only operationally burdensome but also inferentially inefficient when there are many strata in the sample design. Complexity only increases when sampling weights need to be modeled. This article develops a generalpurpose analytic strategy for population inference from complex sample designs with item-level missingness. In a simulation study, the proposed procedures demonstrate efficient estimation and good coverage properties. We also consider an application to accommodate missing body mass index (BMI) data in the analysis of BMI percentiles using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III data. We argue that the proposed methods offer an easy-to-implement solution to problems that are not well-handled by current MI techniques. Note that, while the proposed method borrows from the MI framework to develop its inferential methods, it is not designed as an alternative strategy to release multiply imputed datasets for complex sample design data, but rather as an analytic strategy in and of itself.

How to use replicate weights in health survey analysis using the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey as an example

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 3315-3326
Author(s):  
Carole L Birrell ◽  
David G Steel ◽  
Marijka J Batterham ◽  
Ankur Arya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sample Design ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Complex Sample ◽  
Unbiased Estimates ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Survey ◽  
Complex Sample Design

AbstractObjective:To conduct nutrition-related analyses on large-scale health surveys, two aspects of the survey must be incorporated into the analysis: the sampling weights and the sample design; a practice which is not always observed. The present paper compares three analyses: (1) unweighted; (2) weighted but not accounting for the complex sample design; and (3) weighted and accounting for the complex design using replicate weights.Design:Descriptive statistics are computed and a logistic regression investigation of being overweight/obese is conducted using Stata.Setting:Cross-sectional health survey with complex sample design where replicate weights are supplied rather than the variables containing sample design information.Participants:Responding adults from the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS) part of the Australian Health Survey (2011–2013).Results:Unweighted analysis produces biased estimates and incorrect estimates of se. Adjusting for the sampling weights gives unbiased estimates but incorrect se estimates. Incorporating both the sampling weights and the sample design results in unbiased estimates and the correct se estimates. This can affect interpretation; for example, the incorrect estimate of the OR for being a current smoker in the unweighted analysis was 1·20 (95 % CI 1·06, 1·37), t= 2·89, P = 0·004, suggesting a statistically significant relationship with being overweight/obese. When the sampling weights and complex sample design are correctly incorporated, the results are no longer statistically significant: OR = 1·06 (95 % CI 0·89, 1·27), t = 0·71, P = 0·480.Conclusions:Correct incorporation of the sampling weights and sample design is crucial for valid inference from survey data.

Chapter 5: Population Inferences and Variance Estimation for NAEP Data

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene G. Johnson ◽  
Keith F. Rust
Keyword(s):  
Variance Estimation ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Sample Design ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Sampling Variability ◽  
Complex Sample ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Replication Procedure ◽  
Variance Estimates ◽  
Complex Sample Design

In the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), population inferences and variance estimation are based on a randomization-based perspective where the link between the observed data and the population quantities of interest is given by the distribution of potential values of estimates over repeated samples from the same population using the identical sample design. Because NAEP uses a complex sample design, many of the assumptions underlying traditional statistical analyses are violated, and, consequently, analysis procedures must be adjusted to appropriately handle the structure of the sample. In this article, we discuss the use of sampling weights in deriving population estimates and consider the effect of nonresponse and undercoverage on those estimates. We also discuss the estimation of sampling variability from complex sample surveys, concentrating on the jackknife repeated replication procedure—the variance estimation procedure used by NAEP—and address the use of a simple approximation to sampling variability. Finally, we discuss measures of the stability of variance estimates.

scholarly journals Health professionals’ knowledge of prevention strategies and protocol following percutaneous injury

Curationis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Bodkin
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Academic Hospital ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Professional Category ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Prevention strategies and protocols for the management of percutaneous injuries are developed for the purpose of preventing transmission of HIV and other infections. However, implementation thereof requires health professionals to be conversant with the content of protocols and ways to prevent percutaneous injuries. The purpose of the study was to determine health professionals’ knowledge of prevention strategies and protocols following percutaneous injury. The purpose was addressed within a quantitative survey design. Data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. The study was conducted at a public-sector tertiary academic hospital in Gauteng. Seven units within the hospital were randomly selected for investigation. These included, trauma, intensive care, medical, surgical, maternity, theatre and paediatrics. A population of 800 health professionals worked within the sampled units. Health professionals were stratified according to the following three categories, doctors, registered and enrolled nurses and medical and nursing students. A sample size of 200 health professionals was purposively selected of which a response rate of 79.5% (n= 159) was achieved. The sample consisted of 76.7 % (n=122) registered and enrolled nurses, 13.2% (n=21) doctors and 8.8% (n=14) medical and nursing students; 1.3% (n=2) did not specify their health professional category.

scholarly journals Mobile Loans as Financing Options in Kenya and the Financial Performance of SMEs in Low Income Areas in Nairobi County

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Margaret Murage
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Urban Informal Settlements ◽  
Descriptive Survey

This study sets out to examine the effect of loan accessibility on the financial performance of SMEs in urban informal settlements in Kenya. Based on the descriptive survey design, data were collected from 120 SMEs in the 6 wards of Mathare Sub-County using semi-structured questionnaires. It was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings show that all the loan accessibility had a significant and positive relationship with the financial performance of SMEs. In this regard, enhancing loan accessibility contributed to the financial performance of SMEs in urban areas. Financial inclusion among SMEs in urban areas was also enhanced through mobile loans. This could go on to enhance living standards among the inhabitants of urban informal settlements as envisaged by world bank. In this regard, several recommendations were made. Mobile loan providers should market their mobile loan products to make them visible since only 4, Safaricom-Fuliza, M-Shwari, Tala, and KCB-Mpesa were the most used. Civil society organizations in collaboration with mobile loan providers should also carry out capacity building campaigns among SMEs in informal settlements. This would lead to enhanced visibility and accessibility of these mobile loans among the inhabitants of urban informal settlements.

scholarly journals Mobile Loan Frequency of Repayment as a Predictor of the Financial Performance of SMEs in Urban Informal Settlements in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-113
Author(s):  
Margaret Murage
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Urban Informal Settlements ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Intended Use

This study explored the effect of repayment timelines on the financial performance of SMEs in urban informal settlements in Kenya. This study adopts the descriptive survey design. Data were collected from 120 SMEs in the 6 wards of Mathare Sub-County. Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. It was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. From the study findings, it is evident that repayment timelines influenced the application for mobile loans. The ability to pay mobile loans without problems due to flexible repayment times also enhanced the performance of the respondents’ businesses. While loans with short repayment periods discouraged the businesses from borrowing due to immense pressure, long repayment periods were preferable since it meant that the stock purchased could be converted to cash. Budgeting could also be made easy due to the certainty of cash flow in long and flexible repayment periods. Lastly, a long repayment period meant that the intended use of the money borrowed could be realized. The study made the following recommendation based on the study objective. In this regard, most of the various mobile loan providers should put in place flexible repayment plans to make their loans appealing. They should also market their mobile loan products to make them visible since only 4, Safaricom-Fuliza, M-Shwari, Tala, and KCB-Mpesa were the most used. Civil society organizations in collaboration with mobile loan providers should also carry out capacity building campaigns among SMEs in informal settlements.

Can forensic accounting impact sustainable corporate governance?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Rehman ◽  
Fathyah Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Policies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is the measurement of forensic accounting’s (FA) impact on sustainable corporate governance (SCG) within Omani public listed companies. Beyond merely cataloging the latest criminal innovations and SCG problems, this paper offers a path forward to overcome the myriad threats that can harm the organization and society. FA and SCG can achieve, anticipate and prevent tomorrow’s fraud today before organizations reach the point of no return. Design/methodology/approach For this study, FA is an independent variable and SCG is the dependent variable. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. Data are collected by internet-based tool and analyzed via partial least squares structural equation modeling and Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Findings Result suggests that FA has a significant direct impact over SCG; moreover, FA can become the part of governance management toward the elimination of fraud and achievement of SCG. Practical implications This study can assist regulators, professional bodies and organizations in amending their codes of corporate governance and organizational policies by introducing the SCG clauses and making FA as a compulsory part of governance system. Originality/value Up to the best of the knowledge of researchers, there is no study conducted before which verifies the FA impact on SCG; moreover, previous relevant studies verify only one constituent for SCG, whereas this study is identifying three constituents necessary for SCG.

scholarly journals The impact of complex survey design on prevalence estimates of intakes of food groups in the Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1362-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Burden ◽  
Yasmine Probst ◽  
David Steel ◽  
Linda Tapsell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Sample Design ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Children's Nutrition ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Complex Survey Design ◽  
Activity Survey ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of the complex survey design used in the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (ANCNPAS07) on prevalence estimates for intakes of groups of foods in the population of children.DesignThe impacts on prevalence estimates were determined by calculating design effects for values for food group consumption. The implications of ignoring elements of the sample design including stratification, clustering and weighting are discussed.SettingThe ANCNPAS07 used a complex sample design involving stratification, a high degree of clustering and estimation weights.SubjectsAustralian children aged 2–16 years.ResultsDesign effects ranging from <1 to 5 were found for the values of mean consumption and proportion of the population consuming the food groups. When survey weights were ignored, prevalence estimates were also biased.ConclusionsIgnoring the complex survey design used in the ANCNPAS07 could result in underestimating the width of confidence intervals, higher mean square errors and biased estimators. The magnitude of these effects depends on both the parameter under consideration and the chosen estimator.

Design and Testing of a Facility for Two-Way Video Teleconferencing

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-228
Author(s):  
William H. Cushman ◽  
Robert Derounian
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
User Profile ◽  
User Testing ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Video Teleconferencing ◽  
Alternative Designs ◽  
Design And Testing

This report describes the design and testing of a facility for two-way video teleconferencing. The design process began by developing and distributing a survey to assess the needs of potential users, to develop a “user profile” for these individuals, and to determine their willingness to consider video teleconferencing as an alternative to “in person” meetings. In addition to the survey, design data were obtained from the human factors literature, site visits, interviews with users of existing video teleconferencing rooms, and rapid prototyping and user testing of alternative designs. Construction of the facility has been completed, and over 200 users have been trained to use the equipment. User reaction has been very favorable, with a majority of users expressing a desire to use the facility again.

Multi-sector framework for benchmarking in facilities management

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yewande Adetoro Adewunmi ◽  
Reuben Iyagba ◽  
Modupe Omirin
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Facilities Management ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Benchmarking in FM practice although understood and applied globally, little is known about the practice in Nigeria. The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework to guide the use of benchmarking. Design/methodology/approach The research adopts a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires on FM organizations in Lagos metropolis, Abuja and Port Harcourt. The results of the survey were supplemented with interviews with FM unit heads in the study areas. The framework was validated using a focus group discussion with ten FM industry experts. Findings A framework which serves as a guide for the use of best practice benchmarking was developed. It showed that there is a relationship between best practice benchmarking and location. Research limitations/implications The evaluation of the framework was limited by the number of participants involved and being that it has not been put to use. Originality/value This study develops a multi-sector framework to guide the use of best practice benchmarking in facilities management (FM). The framework explains the relationship between organizational characteristics and best practice benchmarking. In addition, there are limited empirical benchmarking frameworks in FM literature.

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