Metabolic and genetic markers’ associations with elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase in adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Ramírez-López ◽  
Segundo Morán-Villota ◽  
Francisco Mendoza-Carrera ◽  
Eliseo Portilla-de Buen ◽  
Victoria Valles-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackground:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease in adolescents, is a feature of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are risk factors for NAFLD, as well as inflammation-related genetic markers. The relationship between metabolic or inflammation-related genetic markers and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is not fully understood. We examined the relationship of MetS, metabolic and inflammation-related genetic markers with elevated ALT in adolescents.Methods:A total of 674 adolescents participated in a cross-sectional study in Guadalajara, Mexico. Elevated ALT (>40 IU/L), a surrogate marker of NAFLD, and MetS (International Diabetes Federation definition) were evaluated. Obesity, IR, lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP) and genetic markers (TNFA-308G>A,CRP+1444C>T,IL1RNandIL6-597/-572/-174 haplotype) were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression was performed.Results:Elevated ALT was observed in 3% and 14.1% (total and obese, respectively) of the adolescents. Obesity (odds ratio [OR], 5.86; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.16–25.89), insulin (OR, 8.51; 95% CI, 2.61–27.71), IR (OR, 9.10; 95% CI, 2.82–29.38), total cholesterol (TC) (OR, 3.67; 95% CI, 1.25–10.72), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.06–8.33), non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 1.27–11.90) andIL1RN(OR, 4.64; 95% CI, 1.10–19.53) were associated with elevated ALT. Among males, ≥2 MetS criteria were associated with elevated ALT (OR, 4.22; 95% CI, 1.14–15.71).Conclusions:Obesity, insulin, IR, high TC, high LDL-C, high non-HDL-C andIL1RNpolymorphism were associated with elevated ALT. Among males, ≥2 MetS criteria were associated with elevated ALT. There is an urgent need to reduce obesity and IR in adolescents to prevent NAFLD.

scholarly journals Raw Bowl Tea (Tuocha) Polyphenol Prevention of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Intestinal Function in Mice

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bihui Liu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Peng Sun ◽  
Ruokun Yi ◽  
Xiaoyan Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Tnf Α

A high-fat diet-induced C57BL/6N mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was established. The effect and mechanism of Raw Bowl Tea polyphenols (RBTP) on preventing NAFLD via regulating intestinal function were observed. The serum, liver, epididymis, small intestine tissues, and feces of mice were examined by biochemical and molecular biological methods, and the composition of RBTP was analyzed by HPLC assay. The results showed that RBTP could effectively reduce the body weight, liver weight, and liver index of NAFLD mice. The serum effects of RBTP were: (1) decreases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), D-lactate (D-LA), diamine oxidase (DAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and an increase of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels; (2) a decrease of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (INF-γ); (3) a decrease the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in liver tissue; and (4) alleviation of pathological injuries of liver, epididymis, and small intestinal tissues caused by NAFLD and protection of body tissues. qPCR and Western blot results showed that RBTP could up-regulate the mRNA and protein expressions of LPL, PPAR-α, CYP7A1, and CPT1, and down-regulate PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α in the liver of NAFLD mice. In addition, RBTP up-regulated the expression of occludin and ZO-1, and down-regulated the expression of CD36 and TNF-α in the small intestines of NAFLD mice. Studies on mice feces showed that RBTP reduced the level of Firmicutes and increased the minimum levels of Bacteroides and Akkermansia, as well as reduced the proportion of Firmicutes/Bacteroides in the feces of NAFLD mice, which play a role in regulating intestinal microecology. Component analysis showed that RBTP contained seven polyphenolic compounds: Gallic acid, (-)-epigallocatechin, catechin, L-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-gallocatechin gallate, and (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and high levels of caffeine, (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), and ECG. RBTP improved the intestinal environment of NAFLD mice with the contained active ingredients, thus playing a role in preventing NAFLD. The effect was positively correlated with the dose of 100 mg/kg, which was even better than that of the clinical drug bezafibrate.

Association between eosinophil count and cholelithiasis among a population with Clonorchis sinensis infection in Foshan City, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Xie ◽  
Y. Deng ◽  
S. Chen ◽  
Q. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract The association between eosinophil count and cholelithiasis among people with Clonorchis sinensis infection is still uncertain. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the associations among Clonorchis sinensis infection, eosinophil count and cholelithiasis. The study included 4628 participants from January to December 2018. The levels of eosinophil count were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of eosinophil count. Spearman's rank correlation was performed to assess the association between eosinophil counts and Clonorchis sinensis egg counts. Multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships among C. sinensis infection, eosinophil count and cholelithiasis after adjusting for three models. The prevalence of C. sinensis infection was 38.72% (1792/4628), and the prevalence of cholelithiasis was 6.03% (279/4628). The infection rate of C. sinensis was higher in the cholelithiasis group than in the non-cholelithiasis group (63.08% vs. 37.16%, P < 0.001). Significant differences were found among various eosinophil count quartiles for C. sinensis infection, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GT), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (all P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between eosinophil count and log-transformed C. sinensis egg count (r = 0.9477, P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that light and moderate intensities of C. sinensis infection were associated with cholelithiasis (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively), and C. sinensis infection with eosinophil count ranging from 0.05 to 0.5 × 109/l were associated with cholelithiasis (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that the light and moderate infections of C. sinensis with eosinophil count ranging from 0.05 to 0.5 × 109/l may be associated with a higher risk of cholelithiasis.

scholarly journals Dietary phytochemical index associated with cardiovascular risk factor in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeideh Delshad Aghdam ◽  
Fereydoun Siassi ◽  
Ensieh Nasli Esfahani ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
Asadollah Rajab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) is useful and inexpensive method to identify the role of phytochemicals on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This study aimed to assess the relationship between DPI and CVD risk factors in patients with type1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods A total of 261 participants aged 18–35 years with T1DM were enrolled in this cross-sectional study to assess the relationship between DPI and CVD risk factors. Anthropometric measurements, blood lipids, glucose, and antioxidant level were measured. Food intakes were determined using a food frequency questionnaire to calculate DPI. Logistic regression was used. Results The mean age of participants was 25 years. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants in the highest tertile of DPI had 88% lower chance of hyperglycemia (P for trend = 0.020), 81% lower chance of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P for trend = 0.030) and 98% lower chance of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to HDL-C ratio (P for tend = 0.040). There were no relationships between DPI and other CVD risk factors. Conclusions Although higher intake of phytochemical-rich foods had a beneficial effect on some risk factors of CVD, more studies more studies are warranted to corroborate the present findings.

scholarly journals Liver Steatosis: Better Predictor of CKD in MAFLD Than Liver Fibrosis as Determined by Transient Elastography With Controlled Attenuation Parameter

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Marc ◽  
Adelina Mihaescu ◽  
Raluca Lupusoru ◽  
Iulia Grosu ◽  
Florica Gadalean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Background: Changing the term/concept of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) may broaden the pathological definition that can include chronic renal involvement, and, possibly, changes chronic kidney disease's (CKD's) epidemiological association with liver disease, because CKD is associated with metabolic disorders and almost all patients with CKD present some form of an atherogenic dyslipidemia. Our study explores the relationship between MAFLD and CKD using Transient Elastography (TE) with a Controlled Attenuated Parameter (CAP).Methods: We evaluated 335 patients with diabetes with MAFLD and with high CKD risk using TE with CAP (FibroScan®). The CKD was defined according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2012 guidelines. Logistic regression and stepwise multiple logistic regression were used to evaluate the factors associated with CKD. In addition, a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to assess the performance of CAP and TE in predicting CKD and its optimal threshold.Results: The prevalence of CKD in our group was 60.8%. Patients with CKD had higher mean liver stiffness measurements (LSM) and CAP values than those without CKD. We found that hepatic steatosis was a better predictor of CKD than fibrosis. Univariate regression showed that CAP values &gt;353 dB/m were predictive of CKD; while the multivariate regression analysis (after adjustment according to sex, body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and fasting glucose) showed that CAP values &gt;353 dB/m were more strongly associated with the presence of CKD compared to the LSM (fibrosis) values.Conclusion: In patients with MAFLD, CAP-assessed steatosis appears to be a better predictor of CKD compared to LSM-assessed hepatic fibrosis.

scholarly journals Association between telomere length and hepatic fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Kyung Shin ◽  
Jeong Hwan Park ◽  
Jung Hwan Yu ◽  
Young-Joo Jin ◽  
Young Ju Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Tissues

AbstractTelomere length has been linked to the prevalence and progression of metabolic disease. However, clinical implications of telomere length in biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of telomere length with the histological severity of NAFLD. The cross-sectional data derived from the prospectively enrolled Boramae NAFLD registry (n = 91) were analyzed. The liver tissues and clinical information were obtained from both NAFLD patients and non-NAFLD subjects. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify the independent association between telomere length and the histological severity of NAFLD. A total of 83 subjects with or without biopsy-proven NAFLD were included for analysis: non-NAFLD in 23 (27.7%), non-alcoholic fatty liver in 15 (18.1%), and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in 45 (54.2%). Telomere length measured from liver tissues showed a strong negative correlation (p < 0.001) with age, regardless of NAFLD status. Therefore, telomere length was corrected for age. Age-adjusted telomere length than decreased gradually with an increasing severity of fibrosis in patients with NAFLD (p < 0.028). In multivariate analysis, age-adjusted telomere length (odds ratio [OR] 0.59; 95% CI 0.37–0.92; p = 0.019) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.80–0.99; p = 0.039) were independently associated with significant fibrosis. The age-adjusted telomere length tends to decrease along with the fibrosis stage of NAFLD. In particular, among the histological components of NAFLD, fibrosis severity seems to be related to telomere length in the liver.

Dietary inflammatory index significantly affects lipids profile among adults: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mahdi Vajdi ◽  
Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi ◽  
Mahsa Mahmoudi-Nezhad
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: The available data on the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and serum lipids are controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between DII® and serum lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) in general populations. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to December 2019. Case-control, cohort or cross-sectional studies that evaluated the relationship between DII® and serum lipids were included. The random-effects model was applied to evaluate the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: In total, twenty-four cross-sectional and one case-control studies with a total sample size of 129,759 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that the highest category of DII® was associated with 5.16 mg/dl increase in TC (Pooled WMD: 5.16; 95% CI: 0.58–9.73, p = 0.02) and 3.99 mg/dl increase in LDL-C (Pooled WMD: 3.99; 95% CI: 1.16–6.81, p = 0.006). However, no significant association between DII® scores, HDL-C and TG was found. In subgroup analysis, the geographical region, gender, and dietary assessment methods were potent sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion: This study showed that a higher level of DII® was associated with higher levels of TC and LDL-C in apparently healthy populations. Since the included studies had observational designs, therefore, no conclusion of causality was possible. More studies with interventional designs are required to elucidate the causality of the observed association between DII® and the risk of abnormal lipid profile.

Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hypercholesterolemia in patients of gallstone disease undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kaptan Singh ◽  
Divya Dahiya ◽  
Lileswar Kaman ◽  
Ashim Das
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background Gallstone disease (GSD) and non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has high prevalence in the general population and they share the common risk factors for their occurrence. Limited literature with inconsistent results is available suggesting the potential association between these life style induced diseases. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD. Aim of this study was (1) to identify the prevalence of asymptomatic NAFLD or NASH in liver biopsy specimen; (2) to identify association of hypercholesterolemia with NAFLD in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods This is a prospective observational study conducted on patients who underwent LC for symptomatic gallstones in the Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh from 1st July 2013 to 31st December 2014. All included patients had ultrasonography (USG); serum triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. A wedge liver biopsy was obtained from free edge of right liver lobe during LC and all biopsy specimens were analyzed by single pathologist. Results Dyslipidemia was present in 49.50% of 101 included patients. There was no association between NAFLD and serum cholesterol, TG or LDL-C (p 0.428, 0.848, 0.371 respectively). NAFLD was confirmed on liver biopsy in 21.8%; but none had fibrosis and cirrhosis on biopsy. There was no complication observed following liver biopsy. Conclusions Liver biopsy during LC gives an opportunity to diagnose the disease at an early and reversible stage. It is feasible, safe and cost effective.

scholarly journals Association between nontraditional lipid profiles and peripheral arterial disease in Chinese adults with hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Congcong Ding ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Yumeng Shi ◽  
Minghui Li ◽  
Lihua Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Data on the relationship between nontraditional lipid profiles [total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, triglyceride (TG)/HDL-C ratio, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C ratio, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C)] and the risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD) are limited. The present study investigated the relationship of nontraditional lipid indices with PAD in hypertensive patients. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed among 10,900 adults with hypertension. Participants were diagnosed with PAD when their ankle-brachial index (ABI) was < 0.9. The association between nontraditional lipid profiles and PAD was examined using multivariate logistic regression analysis and the restricted cubic spline. Results All nontraditional lipid indices were independently and positively associated with PAD in a dose-response fashion. After multivariable adjustment, the per SD increments of the TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratios and non-HDL-C were all significantly associated with 37, 14, 40, and 24% higher risk for PAD, respectively. The adjusted ORs (95% CI) for PAD were 1.77 (1.31, 2.40), 1.71 (1.25, 2.34), 2.03 (1.50, 2.74), and 1.70 (1.25, 2.31) when comparing the highest tertile to the lowest tertile of the TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratios and non-HDL-C, respectively. Conclusions Among Chinese hypertensive adults, all nontraditional lipid indices were positively associated with PAD, and the LDL-C/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C ratios were better than the other nontraditional lipid indices for predicting PAD. These findings may improve the risk stratification of cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia management. Trial registration CHiCTR, ChiCTR1800017274. Registered 20 July 2018.

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