Evaluation of clinical, endocrine and metabolic findings in obese children with and without hepatosteatosis

Abstract Objectives Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common obesity-related comorbidity in childhood. In this study, we aimed to evaluate predictors of NAFLD by comparing clinical, endocrine and metabolic findings in obese children with and without hepatosteatosis. Methods Two hundred and eight obese children aged 6–18 years were included. The patients were divided into group 1 (patients with NAFLD, n=94) and group 2 (patients without NAFLD, n=114). Anthropometric measurements, pubertal stage, lipid profiles, fasting glucose and insulin, homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), uric acid, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen, thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine parameters were compared retrospectively. Results The mean body weight, body mass index (BMI), height, tri-ponderal mass index (TMI), insulin, HOMA-IR, triglyceride, ALT and uric acid values were significantly higher, while high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) values were significantly lower in group 1. The 70.7% of obese children with hepatosteatosis and 83.9% of those without hepatosteatosis were correctly estimated by parameters including age, gender, ALT, HDL-C, fasting insulin and uric acid values. Conclusions Since obesity-associated hepatosteatosis induces various long-term metabolic impacts in children, early detection is of critical importance. Age, gender, TMI, BMI, ALT, HDL-C, fasting insulin and uric acid values may help to predict the risk of hepatosteatosis. Besides, we assessed whether TMI compared to BMI does not have a better utility in estimating obesity-induced hepatosteatosis in children. This is the first study to show the association between TMI and hepatosteatosis in children.

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The relationship between uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and collateral index in patients with chronic total occlusion

Kardiologiia ◽

10.18087/cardio.2021.9.n1750 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 (9) ◽

pp. 61-65

Author(s):

Cihan Aydın ◽

Nadir Emlek

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Collateral Circulation ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Density ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Total Occlusion ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Background High serum uric acid (UA) levels and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL–C) levels are accepted as risk factors for cardiovascular mortality. Hyperuricemia and low HDL–C levels were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and the development of diabetes and hypertension. However, the association of UA with cardiovascular (CV) mortality,collateral index are undetermined in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO).Material and methods 124 patients who underwent coronary angiography with the diagnosis of stable or unstable angina pectoris and had chronic total occlusion were included in our study. Blood samples were collected from all patients before the angiography procedure. Coronary collateral circulation (CCC) was graded according to the Rentrop grading system of 0–3. Rentrop grades of 0 and 1 indicated low-grade CCC group, whereas grades 2 and 3 indicated high-grade CCC group. We divided our patients into two groups as low-grade CCC and high-grade CCC and examined these two groups in terms of uric acid / HDL ratios. Group 1: Rentrop classification grade 0–1 (mean age, 63,9±9,9), Group 2: Rentrop classification grade 2–3 (mean age, 62,1±9,4).Results The baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Uric acid / High density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratios and uric acid levels were higher in group 1 with poor collateral circulation [group 1; 0,21 (0,07–0,39) vs. group 2; 0,16 (0,08–0,31), group 1; 8,2 (3,4–10,4) vs. group 2; 5,85 (3,5–7,7), p<0,001, p<0,001 respectively].Conclusions We found that high Uric acid / High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratios and high uric acid levels are associated with poor collateral circulation.

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The Association of Longitudinal Serum Uric Acid and All-Cause Mortality in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Blood Purification ◽

10.1159/000494987 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (1-3) ◽

pp. 185-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wenxiu Chang ◽

Wenyu Zhang ◽

Xichao Wang ◽

Ying Liu ◽

Yingying Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Residual Renal Function ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Level Group ◽

Group 1

Background: Time-averaged uric acid (TA-UA) value was calculated to investigate the association of longitudinal UA and all-cause mortality in incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods: Three hundred PD patients were divided into 3 groups based on the serum TA-UA level (Group 1: < 6 mg/dL; Group 2: 6–8 mg/dL; Group 3: ≥8 mg/dL). Hazards ratio (HR) of all-cause mortality was calculated. Logistic regression was conducted to identify the associated clinical factors of lower and higher TA-UA level. Results: Increased HRs for death existed in Group 1 and Group 3 compared with Group 2 (HR 3.24, 95% CI 1.25–8.39, p = 0.016; HR 4.69, 95% CI 1.24–17.72, p = 0.023). Lower residual renal function, lower albumin, and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were related to the lower serum TA-UA. Higher body mass index and higher C-reactive protein were associated with higher serum TA-UA in PD patients. Conclusion: Both TA-UA < 6 and ≥8 mg/dL increased the all-cause mortality in incident PD patients.

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Effect of the Cut-Off Level for Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone on the Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism among Infertile Mexican Women

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11030417 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 417

Author(s):

Lidia Arce-Sánchez ◽

Salvatore Giovanni Vitale ◽

Claudia Montserrat Flores-Robles ◽

Myrna Souraye Godines-Enriquez ◽

Marco Noventa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Mexican Women ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

The primary aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) using two different cut-off levels for TSH values (≥2.5 mIU/L versus ≥4.1 mIU/L). The secondary objective was to analyze the clinical-biochemical characteristics in women with and without SCH. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. In total, 1496 Mexican women with infertility were included: Group 1, women with TSH levels ranging between 0.3 and 2.49 mIU/L, n = 886; Group 2, women with TSH between 2.5 and 4.09 mIU/L, n = 390; and Group 3, women with TSH ≥4.1 mIU/L n = 220. SCH prevalence was 40.7% (CI 95%: 38.3–43.3%) with TSH cut-off ≥ 2.5 mIU/L, and 14.7% (CI 95%: 12.7–16.5%) with TSH cut-off ≥ 4.1 mIU/L, (p = 0.0001). The prevalence of overweight was higher in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3. Thyroid autoimmunity, obesity and insulin resistance were higher in Group 3 than in Group 1 (p < 0.05). No other differences were observed between groups. Conclusions: The prevalence of SCH in our selected patients increased almost three times using a TSH cut-off ≥ 2.5 mIU/L compared with a TSH cut-off ≥ 4.1 mIU/L. Women with TSH ≥4.1 mIU/L compared with TSH cut-off ≤ 2.5 mIU/L more often presented with obesity, thyroid autoimmunity and insulin resistance.

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Prognostic value of mitral regurgitation in patients with asymmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging ◽

10.1093/ehjci/jeaa356.394 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

M Tesic ◽

L Travica ◽

V Giga ◽

D Trifunovic ◽

I Jovanovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽

Mitral Valve ◽

Mitral Regurgitation ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Volume Index ◽

Common Finding ◽

Adequate Treatment ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Since mitral regurgitation (MR) is a very common finding in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the evaluation of the mitral valve anatomy and the degree of MR is of utmost importance in this population. However, data regarding the prognostic value of different degrees of MR in HCM remains scarce. Purpose The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of a higher degree of MR affects: 1) long term prognosis; 2) clinical and echocardiographic presentation of HCM patients. Material and Methods We included prospectively 102 patients, diagnosed with primary asymmetric HCM. The degree of MR was determined echocardiographicaly according to current recommendations of the American Association of Echocardiography. According to the MR severity, patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (n = 52) with no/trace or mild MR and Group 2 with moderate or moderate to severe MR. All patients had clinical and echocardiographic examination, 24-hour Holter ECG and NT pro BNP analysis performed. The primary outcome was a composite of: 1) HCM related death or sudden death; 2) hospitalization due to acute heart failure; 3) sustained ventricular tachycardia; 4) ischemic stroke. Results Patients with higher MR degree had more frequent chest pain (p = 0.039), syncope (p = 0.041) and NYHA II functional class (p < 0.001). Group 2 patients had mostly obstructive form of HCM (p < 0.001) with more frequent presence of previous atrial fibrillation (AF) (p = 0.032), as well as the new onset of AF (p = 0.014) compared to patients in Group 1. Patients with higher MR degree had significantly more SAM (p < 0.001) resulting in a more frequent eccentric MR jet (p < 0.001), along with calcified mitral annulus (p = 0.007), enlarged left atrial volume index (p < 0.001), and elevated right ventricular pressure (p = 0.001). As a result of higher MR grade, Group 2 had higher E/e" values (p < 0.001), elevated LV filling pressure (lateral E/e’ >10), as well as higher levels of NT pro BNP (p = 0.001). By Kaplan-Meier analysis we demonstrated that the event free survival rate during follow up of median 75 (IQR 48-103) months was significantly higher in Group 1 compared to the Group 2 (79% vs. 46%, p < 0.001), Figure 1. After adjustment for relevant confounders, moderate/moderate to severe MR remained as an independent predictor of adverse outcome (hazard ratio 2.58, 95% CI: 1.08-6.13, p < 0.001). Conclusion Presence of moderate, or moderate to severe MR was associated with poor long-term outcome of HCM patients. These results indicate the importance of an adequate MR assessment and detailed evaluation of the mitral valve anatomy in the prediction of complications and adequate treatment of patients with HCM. Abstract Figure.

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Longitudinal Reproducibility of CO2-Triggered BOLD MRI for the Hemodynamic Evaluation of Adult Patients with Moyamoya Angiopathy

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

10.1159/000513301 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Constantin Roder ◽

Uwe Klose ◽

Helene Hurth ◽

Cornelia Brendle ◽

Marcos Tatagiba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Collateral Flow ◽

Surgical Revascularization ◽

Bold Mri ◽

Promising Tool ◽

Hemodynamic Evaluation ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Background and Purpose: Hemodynamic evaluation of moyamoya patients is crucial to decide the treatment strategy. Recently, CO2-triggered BOLD MRI has been shown to be a promising tool for the hemodynamic evaluation of moyamoya patients. However, the longitudinal reliability of this technique in follow-up examinations is unknown. This study aims to analyze longitudinal follow-up data of CO2-triggered BOLD MRI to prove the reliability of this technique for long-term control examinations in moyamoya patients. Methods: Longitudinal CO2 BOLD MRI follow-up examinations of moyamoya patients with and without surgical revascularization have been analyzed for all 6 vascular territories retrospectively. If revascularization was performed, any directly (by the disease or the bypass) or indirectly (due to change of collateral flow after revascularization) affected territory was excluded based on angiography findings (group 1). In patients without surgical revascularization between the MRI examinations, all territories were analyzed (group 2). Results: Eighteen moyamoya patients with 39 CO2 BOLD MRI examinations fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median follow-up between the 2 examinations was 12 months (range 4–29 months). For 106 vascular territories analyzed in group 1, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.784, p < 0.001, and for group 2 (84 territories), it was 0.899, p < 0.001. Within the total follow-up duration of 140 patient months, none of the patients experienced a new stroke. Conclusions: CO2 BOLD MRI is a promising tool for mid- and long-term follow-up examinations of cerebral hemodynamics in moyamoya patients. Systematic prospective evaluation is required prior to making it a routine examination.

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Relationship of triglyceride–glucose index with chronic limb-threatening ischemia in lower extremity peripheral artery disease

Vascular ◽

10.1177/17085381211018332 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 170853812110183

Author(s):

Arda Aybars Pala ◽

Yusuf Salim Urcun

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Peripheral Artery Disease ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Peripheral Artery ◽

Tyg Index ◽

Triglyceride Glucose Index ◽

Group 2 ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Group 1

Objectives Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index), which is defined as the simple and novel marker of insulin resistance, is becoming increasingly important as a promising predictive marker for atherosclerotic diseases. Chronic limb-threatening ischemia is defined as the most advanced stage of the lower extremity peripheral artery disease, whose main cause is atherosclerosis and is associated in this respect with amputation, impaired quality of life, and mortality. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the relation between the calculated TyG index values and chronic limb-threatening ischemia development. Methods A total of 296 patients who were diagnosed with lower extremity peripheral artery disease in our outpatient clinic between October 2018 and October 2020 were included in this study retrospectively. Two groups were formed by clinically staging the patients according to Rutherford Classification. Patients who did not develop chronic limb-threatening ischemia were classified as “Group 1” ( n = 224) and those who developed were classified as “Group 2” ( n = 72). Results The mean TyG index values that were calculated in Group 2 were significantly higher than in Group 1 (9.27 ± 0.31 vs. 9.00 ± 0.34, p < 0.001). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis conducted to determine the predictors of chronic limb-threatening ischemia development, C-reactive protein (OR [Odds Ratio]: 1.220, 95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.092–1.363, p < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR: 0.775, 95% CI: 0.715–0.839, p < 0.001) and TyG index (OR: 5.796, 95% CI: 2.050–16.382, p = 0.001) were identified as independent predictors. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the cut-off value of TyG index was 9.13 (area under the curve: 0.721, p < 0.001) with 70.8% sensitivity and 65.2% specificity. The TyG index was significantly correlated with Rutherford category, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mean platelet volume. Conclusions Chronic limb-threatening ischemia development may be predicted with the TyG index value, which is calculated easily from routine biochemical parameters, in patients diagnosed with lower extremity peripheral artery disease.

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Adiponectin and its receptors in patients with cardiovascular disease

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1093/eurjpc/zwab061.238 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

E Belik ◽

OV Gruzdeva ◽

YUA Dyleva ◽

EG Uchasova ◽

MYU Sinitsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Defects ◽

Post Translational Modification ◽

Fat Depots ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Adiponectin Mrna ◽

Fat Stores ◽

Group 2 ◽

High Level ◽

Group 1

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Aim to determine the features of adiponectin expression, secretion of adiponectin and its receptors in local fat depots in CVD. Materials and methods The study included 90 patients with СAD (Group 1) and 60 patients with heart defects (Group 2). Adipocytes were isolated from samples of subcutaneous (SAT), epicardial (EAT) and perivascular (PVAT) adipose tissue obtained during CABG or heart valve replacement. The expression of adiponectin was determined by qPCR using TaqManTM Gene Expression Assays (Applied Biosystems, USA) in the ViiA 7 Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, USA), the levels of expression products was determined using enzyme immunoassay (Bender MedSystems GmbH, Vienna, Austria). The data were analyzed using the statistical software Statistica 9.0. Results EAT adipocytes were characterized by the lowest adiponectin expression relative to adipocytes of other localization both in Group 1 and Group 2. In patients Group 1 adiponectin expression in EAT was reduced relative in SAT and PVAT (by 1.2 and 1.5 times). In Group 2, the adiponectin mRNA in the EAT was lower than in the SAT and PVAT (1.4 and 1.5 times). The expression of adiponectin in EAT in Group 2 exceeded the same indicator in Group 1 by 1.2 times. The maximum expression of adiponectin was observed in the PVAT culture in patients of both groups. For Group 2, this indicator exceeded the values of Group 1 by 1.2 times. The content of adiponectin in the culture EAT was lower than in the SAT, both in Group 1 and Group 2 (by 1.3 and 1.13 times). The level of this indicator in Group 2 was 1.4 times higher than in Group 1. PVAT adipocytes of patients with CAD were characterized by the lowest level of adiponectin secretion in comparison with adipocytes of other localization. The adiponectin level in the PVAT of Group 2 exceeded that of fat stores of other localization and in Group 1 patients by 1.8 times. There were no statistically significant differences in the expression and concentration of adiponectin in the culture of adipocytes of the SAT between the groups of patients. In Group 1, the lowest level of AdipoR1 was found in the adipocyte culture of the PVAT. Noteworthy is the decrease in the level of AdipoR1 in Group 1 compared to the level of Group 2, observed in the SAT and PVAT: 1.3 and 1.5 times. There were no significant differences in the concentration of the AdipoR1 in the EAT, as well as AdipoR2 in all types of AT between the groups of patients. Conclusion: in CVD the EAT is characterized by minimal expression and secretion of adiponectin, regardless of nosology. In CAD despite the high level of expression of adiponectin, the adipocytes of the PVAT were found to have the lowest content in comparison with adipocytes of other localization. Dysregulation of the adiponectin/AdipoR axis is observed in PVAT, which may be due to low expression of adiponectin receptors and long-term processes of its post-translational modification and oligomerization in CAD.

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Does Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding Have a Long-Term Effect on Nasal and Upper Airway Dimensions?

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1177/1055665620980234 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 105566562098023

Author(s):

Ashwina S. Banari ◽

Sanjeev Datana ◽

Shiv Shankar Agarwal ◽

Sujit Kumar Bhandari

Keyword(s):

Upper Airway ◽

P Value ◽

Airway Patency ◽

The Mean ◽

Group 2 ◽

Acoustic Pharyngometry ◽

Nasoalveolar Molding ◽

Area And Volume ◽

Group 1

Objectives: To compare nasal and upper airway dimensions in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) who underwent nasoalveolar molding (NAM) with those without NAM during infancy using acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry. Materials and Methods: Eccovision acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry (Sleep Group Solutions) was used for assessment of mean area and volume of nasal and upper airway in patients with complete unilateral CLP (age range 16-21 years) treated with NAM (group 1, n = 19) versus without NAM (group 2, n = 22). Results: The mean nasal cross-sectional areas and volume were higher in group 1 compared to group 2 on both cleft ( P value <.001) and noncleft side ( P value >.05). The mean area and volume of upper airway were also significantly higher in group 1 compared to group 2 ( P value <.05). Conclusions: Nasoalveolar molding being one of the first interventions in chronology of treatment of patients with CLP, its long-term outcome on nasal and upper airway patency needs to be ascertained. The results of the present study show that the patients with CLP who have undergone NAM during infancy have better improvement in nasal and upper airway patency compared with those who had not undergone NAM procedure. The basic advantages of being noninvasive, nonionizing and providing dynamic assessment of nasal and upper airway patency make acoustic pharyngometry and rhinometry a diagnostic tool of choice to be used in patients with CLP.

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Chronic kidney disease stage stratifies short- and long-term outcomes after aortic root replacement

Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery ◽

10.1093/icvts/ivaa320 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tsuyoshi Yamabe ◽

Yanling Zhao ◽

Paul A Kurlansky ◽

Suzuka Nitta ◽

Saveliy Kelebeyev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Aortic Root Replacement ◽

Mortality Hazard ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Mortality Hazard Ratio ◽

Group 1

Abstract OBJECTIVES Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, and it negatively impacts procedural outcomes; however, its influence on the outcomes of aortic surgery has not been well studied. This study aims to elucidate the importance of CKD on the outcomes of aortic root replacement (ARR). METHODS Patients who underwent ARR between 2005 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed (n = 882). Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria: Group 1 [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, n = 421); Group 2 (eGFR = 30–59 ml/min/1.73 m2, n = 424); and Group 3 (eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2, n = 37). To reduce potential confounding, a propensity score matching was also performed between Group 1 and the combined group of Group 2 and Group 3. The primary end point was 10-year survival. Secondary end points were in-hospital mortality and perioperative morbidity. RESULTS Severe CKD patients presented with more advanced overall chronic and acute illnesses. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant correlation between CKD stage and 10-year survival (log-rank P < 0.001). The number of events for Group 1 was 15, Group 2 was 49 and Group 3 was 11 in 10 years. Group 3 had significantly higher in-hospital mortality (13.5% vs 3.5% in Group 2 vs 0.7% in Group 1, P < 0.001) and stroke (8.1% vs 7.1% vs 1.2%, P < 0.001) as well as introduction to new dialysis (27.0% vs 5.4% vs 1.7%, P < 0.001). eGFR was shown to be an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.96–0.99). Comparison between propensity matched groups showed similar postoperative outcomes, and eGFR was still identified as a predictor of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.95–0.99). CONCLUSIONS Higher stage in CKD negatively impacts the long-term survival in patients who are undergoing ARR.

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Serum uric acid as a predictor for nephritis in Egyptian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus ◽

10.1177/0961203320979042 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 096120332097904

Author(s):

Eman Ahmed Hafez ◽

Sameh Abd El-mottleb Hassan ◽

Mohammed Abdel Monem Teama ◽

Fatma Mohammed Badr

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Renal Function ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Lupus Nephritis ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objective Lupus nephritis (LN) is closely associated with hyperuricemia, and uric acid is considered a risk factor for renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to examine the association between serum uric acid (SUA) level and LN development and progression in SLE patients with normal renal function. Methods A total of 60 SLE patients with normal renal function from Ain Shams University Hospital were selected and assigned to group 1 (30 patients with LN) and group 2 (30 patients without LN). All patients were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, disease activity assessment based on SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and renal SLEDAI (SLEDAI-R) scores, and laboratory investigations, including as SUA, complete blood count, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, urine analysis, protein/creatinine ratio, 24-h urinary protein excretion, Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-dsDNA antibody, and serum complement (C3, C4). Results Disease duration, SLEDAI score, and SUA level were higher in group 1 than in group 2 (p < 0.001). SUA level was positively correlated with SLEDAI and SLEDAI-R scores, proteinuria, urinary casts, renal biopsy class, disease activity and chronicity indices, BUN level, and serum creatinine level but was negatively correlated with creatinine clearance (p < 0.05). SUA was a predictor of LN development in SLE patients (sensitivity, 83.3%; specificity, 70%). Conclusion SUA is associated with the development of lupus nephritis in patients with normal kidney function also SUA in-dependently correlated with disease activity and chronicity in LN.

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