scholarly journals Nanostructured inorganic electrochromic materials for light applications

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 825-850
Author(s):  
Wu Zhang ◽  
Haizeng Li ◽  
Eric Hopmann ◽  
Abdulhakem Y. Elezzabi
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Optical Filters ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Electrochromic Materials ◽  
Slow Switching

AbstractElectrochromism, an emerging energy conversion technology, has attracted immense interest due to its various applications including bistable displays, optical filters, variable optical attenuators, optical switches, and energy-efficient smart windows. Currently, the major drawback for the development of electrochromism is the slow switching speed, especially in inorganic electrochromic materials. The slow switching speed is mainly attributed to slow reaction kinetics of the dense inorganic electrochromic films. As such, an efficient design of nanostructured electrochromic materials is a key strategy to attain a rapid switching speed for their real-world applications. In this review article, we summarize the classifications of electrochromic materials, including inorganic materials (e.g., transition metal oxides, Prussian blue, and polyoxometalates), organic materials (e.g., polymers, covalent organic frameworks, and viologens), inorganic-organic hybrids, and plasmonic materials. We also discuss the electrochromic properties and synthesis methods for various nanostructured inorganic electrochromic materials depending on structure/morphology engineering, doping techniques, and crystal phase design. Finally, we outline the major challenges to be solved and discuss the outlooks and our perspectives for the development of high-performance nanostructured electrochromic materials.

scholarly journals Polymer blend directed anisotropic self-assembly toward mesoporous inorganic bowls and nanosheets

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (33) ◽  
pp. eabb3814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongseop Kim ◽  
Jongkook Hwang ◽  
Jisung Lee ◽  
Jinwoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Controllable Synthesis ◽  
2D Nanosheets ◽  
Synthesis Approach

Anisotropic mesoporous inorganic materials have attracted great interest due to their unique and intriguing properties, yet their controllable synthesis still remains a great challenge. Here, we develop a simple synthesis approach toward mesoporous inorganic bowls and two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets by combining block copolymer (BCP)–directed self-assembly with asymmetric phase migration in ternary-phase blends. The homogeneous blend solution spontaneously self-assembles to anisotropically stacked hybrids as the solvent evaporates. Two minor phases—BCP/inorganic precursor and homopolystyrene (hPS)—form closely stacked, Janus domains that are dispersed/confined in the major homopoly(methyl methacrylate) (hPMMA) matrix. hPS phases are partially covered by BCP-rich phases, where ordered mesostructures develop. With increasing the relative amount of hPS, the anisotropic shape evolves from bowls to 2D nanosheets. Benefiting from the unique bowl-like morphology, the resulting transition metal oxides show promise as high-performance anodes in potassium-ion batteries.

scholarly journals Ab initio molecular dynamics and materials design for embedded phase-change memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Sun ◽  
Yu-Xing Zhou ◽  
Xu-Dong Wang ◽  
Yu-Han Chen ◽  
Volker L. Deringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Materials Design ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Switching Speed ◽  
Atomic Structures ◽  
Memory Applications

AbstractThe Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy has served as the core material in phase-change memories with high switching speed and persistent storage capability at room temperature. However widely used, this composition is not suitable for embedded memories—for example, for automotive applications, which require very high working temperatures above 300 °C. Ge–Sb–Te alloys with higher Ge content, most prominently Ge2Sb1Te2 (‘212’), have been studied as suitable alternatives, but their atomic structures and structure–property relationships have remained widely unexplored. Here, we report comprehensive first-principles simulations that give insight into those emerging materials, located on the compositional tie-line between Ge2Sb1Te2 and elemental Ge, allowing for a direct comparison with the established Ge2Sb2Te5 material. Electronic-structure computations and smooth overlap of atomic positions (SOAP) similarity analyses explain the role of excess Ge content in the amorphous phases. Together with energetic analyses, a compositional threshold is identified for the viability of a homogeneous amorphous phase (‘zero bit’), which is required for memory applications. Based on the acquired knowledge at the atomic scale, we provide a materials design strategy for high-performance embedded phase-change memories with balanced speed and stability, as well as potentially good cycling capability.

ZIF-67-derived NiCo2O4@Co2P/Ni2P honeycomb nanosheets on carbon cloth for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Wei Song ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
Xiao-Man Cao ◽  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Zhengbo Han
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Redox Activity ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Metal Phosphides ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Transition Metal Phosphides

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived transition-metal oxides and transition-metal phosphides have great application potential as electrode materials for supercapacitors, owing to the excellent redox activity and high conductivity. However, their electrochemical performances...

General Synthesis Methods of Inorganic Materials for Supercapacitors

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-203
Author(s):  
Mehmet H. Calimli ◽  
Tugba G. Karahan ◽  
Anish Khan ◽  
Fatih Sen
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
General Synthesis

Soft Chemical Routes to Heterostructured High-Tc Superconducting Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Ho Choy ◽  
Soon-Jae Kwon ◽  
Seong-Ju Hwang ◽  
Eue-Soon Jang
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Host Lattice ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Metal Chalcogenides ◽  
Structural Anisotropy ◽  
Intercalation Reaction

Recently, inorganic/inorganic and organic/inorganic heterostructured materials have attracted considerable research interest, due to their unusual physicochemical properties, which cannot be achieved by conventional solid-state reactions. In order to develop new hybrid materials, various synthetic approaches, such as vacuum deposition, Langmuir–Blodgett films, selfassembly, and intercalation techniques, have been explored. Among them, the intercalation reaction technique—that is, the reversible insertion of guest species into the two-dimensional host lattice—is expected to be one of the most effective tools for preparing new layered heterostructures because this process can provide a soft chemical way of hybridizing inorganic/inorganic, organic/inorganic, or biological/inorganic compounds. In fact, the intercalation/deintercalation process allows us to design high-performance materials in a solution at ambient temperature and pressure, just as “soft solution processing” provides a simple and economical route for advanced inorganic materials by means of an environmentally benign, lowenergy method. These unique advantages of the intercalation technique have led to its wide application to diverse fields of the solid-state sciences, namely, secondary (rechargeable) batteries, electrochromic systems, oxidation–reduction catalysts, separating agents, sorbents, and so on. Through these extensive studies, many kinds of low-dimensional compounds have been developed as host materials for the intercalation reaction, including graphite, transition-metal chalcogenides, transitionmetal oxides, aluminosilicates, metal phosphates, metal chalcogenohalides, and so on. Recently, the area of intercalation chemistry has been extended to high-Tc superconducting copper oxides, resulting in remarkable structural anisotropy.

Fuzzy Holoentropy-Based Adaptive Inter-Prediction Mode Selection for H.264 Video Coding

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-60
Author(s):  
Srinivas Bachu ◽  
N. Ramya Teja
Keyword(s):  
Video Coding ◽  
Video Compression ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mode Selection ◽  
Rate Distortion ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Exhaustive Search ◽  
Inter Prediction ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Prediction Mode

Due to the advancement of multimedia and its requirement of communication over the network, video compression has received much attention among the researchers. One of the popular video codings is scalable video coding, referred to as H.264/AVC standard. The major drawback in the H.264 is that it performs the exhaustive search over the interlayer prediction to gain the best rate-distortion performance. To reduce the computation overhead due to exhaustive search on mode prediction process, this paper presents a new technique for inter prediction mode selection based on the fuzzy holoentropy. This proposed scheme utilizes the pixel values and probabilistic distribution of pixel symbols to decide the mode. The adaptive mode selection is introduced here by analyzing the pixel values of the current block to be coded with those of a motion compensated reference block using fuzzy holoentropy. The adaptively selected mode decision can reduce the computation time without affecting the visual quality of frames. Experimentation of the proposed scheme is evaluated by utilizing five videos, and from the analysis, it is evident that proposed scheme has overall high performance with values of 41.367 dB and 0.992 for PSNR and SSIM respectively.

scholarly journals Efficiently Building On-line Tools for Distributed Heterogeneous Environments

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Günther Rackl ◽  
Thomas Ludwig ◽  
Markus Lindermeier ◽  
Alexandros Stamatakis
Keyword(s):  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
Software Development ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
On Line

Software development is getting more and more complex, especially within distributed middleware-based environments. A major drawback during the overall software development process is the lack of on-line tools, i.e. tools applied as soon as there is a running prototype of an application. The MIMO MIddleware MOnitor provides a solution to this problem by implementing a framework for an efficient development of on-line tools. This paper presents a methodology for developing on-line tools with MIMO. As an example scenario, we choose a distributed medical image reconstruction application, which represents a test case with high performance requirements. Our distributed, CORBA-based application is instrumented for being observed with MIMO and related tools. Additionally, load balancing mechanisms are integrated for further performance improvements. As a result, we obtain an integrated tool environment for observing and steering the image reconstruction application. By using our rapid tool development process, the integration of on-line tools shows to be very convenient and enables an efficient tool deployment.

High performance optical filters based on advanced coupled Sagnac loop waveguide reflector structures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Arianfard ◽  
Jiayang Wu ◽  
Saulius Juodkazis ◽  
David J. Moss
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Optical Filters

Polymer Solar Cells

2012 ◽  
pp. 101-119
Author(s):  
Catalin Zaharia
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Large Production ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Solar Cell Technology ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Plastic Solar Cell

Currently, the active materials used for the fabrication of solar cells are mainly inorganic. Materials such as silicon (Si), gallium-arsenide (GaAs), cadmium-telluride (CdTe), and cadmium-indium-selenide (CIS). Nevertheless, the large production cost for the silicon solar cells is one of the major drawback in this field. This chapter is dedicated to a critical presentation of another type of photovoltaics, called polymer, or plastic, solar cell technology. Polymer solar cells have attracted significant attention in the past few years due to their potential of providing environmentally safe, lightweight, flexible, and efficient solar cells.

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