Potential of kraft lignin as an additive in briquette production

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Torezani Neto Boschetti ◽  
Ana Márcia Macedo Ladeira Carvalho ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro ◽  
Larissa Carvalho Santos ◽  
Lucas de Barros Quaresma Poyares
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Acid Medium ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Kraft Black Liquor

Abstract Lignin, a renewable product with high potential for various applications, can be recovered from kraft black liquor by precipitation in acid medium. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of kraft lignin to wood biomass on the properties of briquettes. Hymenolobium petraeum, Eucalyptus, and Pinus biomasses received the addition of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 % (w/w) of kraft lignin, and briquettes were manufactured. Wood biomasses and briquettes were characterized chemically and physically. Addition of kraft lignin positively influenced the apparent density, energy density, and mechanical resistance of briquettes. Furthermore, kraft lignin increased the calorific value of briquettes. Addition of 6 % (w/w) of kraft lignin was sufficient to improve the quality properties of briquettes, which demonstrates the great potential of kraft lignin as an additive in briquette production.

scholarly journals KRAFT LIGNIN AS AN ADDITIVE IN PINE AND EUCALYPTUS PARTICLE COMPOSITION FOR BRIQUETTE PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Torezani Neto Boschetti ◽  
Alice do Carmo Precci Lopes ◽  
Robisnéia Adriana Ribeiro ◽  
Rafael Quezada Reyes ◽  
Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Particle Composition ◽  
Eucalyptus Wood

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of briquettes produced with different proportions of pine and eucalyptus wood, as well as to characterize the potential of kraft lignin as an additive in the composition of briquettes for energy generation. The treatments differed from one another in the pine and eucalyptus wood particle ratios (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%), as well as for the kraft lignin content (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12%). The biomasses were characterized by their physical and chemical properties, and briquette properties were evaluated according to apparent density, lower calorific value (LCV), energy density, and maximum burst load. The results showed an increase in the apparent density as the proportion of lignin and eucalyptus in the briquettes increased. The particle composition of the briquettes had a higher influence on the energy density increase compared to the addition of kraft lignin, being more significant in briquettes produced with higher proportions of eucalyptus. It was also observed that the addition of lignin increased the resistance to the rupture load, and that there was a specific value at which this resistance was higher (at 7% or 11% of lignin, depending on the proportion of particles). Additionally, the briquettes made with 100% pine achieved greater mechanical resistance. In general, kraft lignin presented good potential for use as a briquette additive, contributing to improved energy and mechanical properties.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF STOCKING DENSITY ON ENERGETIC PRODUCTIVITY OF AN EUCALYPTUS STANDS MANAGED UNDER A SHORT ROTATION SYSTEM

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Thelma Shirlen Soares ◽  
Weder Vicente Gouveia Junior ◽  
Renan Augusto Miranda Matias ◽  
Edmilson Santos Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Significant Difference

EFEITO DO ESPAÇAMENTO NA PRODUTIVIDADE ENERGÉTICA DE UM POVOAMENTO DE EUCALIPTO MANEJADO EM REGIME DE CURTA ROTAÇÃO Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de seis densidades de plantio no crescimento, produção e potencial energético de um povoamento clonal de eucalipto implantado em Jataí-GO em regime de curta rotação. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com seis densidades de plantio (3.0 m x 0.5 m, 3.0 m x 1.0 m; 3.0 m x 1.5 m; 3.0 m x 2.0 m; 3.0 m x 2.5 m and 3.0 m x 3.0 m) distribuídos em parcelas de área variável (15 m², 30 m², 45 m², 60 m², 75 m² e 90 m², respectivamente) e três repetições. A produção e o potencial energético do povoamento foram avaliadas pela área basal, volume, biomassa de madeira, carbono fixado, poder calorífico superior e densidade energética da madeira. A partir dos dados de produção em biomassa por hectare foi estimada a área necessária para atender uma termelétrica com capacidade instalada de 1 MW. Para os valores de área basal, volume, biomassa de madeira e carbono fixo houve diferença significativa (p <0,05), sendo os maiores valores obtidos no espaçamento mais adensado. O poder calorífico superior e a densidade energética da madeira não foram afetados pelos espaçamentos estudados. Verificou-se que a área necessária para atender à demanda de uma unidade de geração energética apresenta relação direta com o aumento do espaçamento. Para as características edafoclimáticas de Jataí-GO, recomenda-se a utilização do espaçamento 3,0 x 0,5 m em curta rotação visando a produção de energia.Keywords: densidades de plantio, bioenergia, floresta energética. ABSTRACT:This study aimed to evaluate the effect of six stocking densities on growth, yield and energetic potential of an eucalyptus clonal stand established under a short rotation system in Jataí, Goiás State, Brazil. A randomized block design was used with six stocking densities (3 x 0.5 m, 3 x 1 m; 3 x 1.5 m; 3 x 2 m; 3 x 2.5 m and 3 x 3 m), distributed in a various size of plots (15 m², 30 m², 45 m², 60 m², 75 m² and 90 m², respectively) using three replications each. The yield and energetic potential of the stand were evaluated by basal area, volume, wood biomass, fixed carbon, higher calorific value and energy density of wood. From the yield biomass data per hectare it was estimated the area required to meet the demand of a thermal power plant with an installed capacity of 1 MW. For the values of basal area, volume, wood biomass and fixed carbon there was significant difference (p < 0.05), with the highest values obtained in the most dense stands. Higher calorific value and energy density of wood has no significant effect by the stand density. The area required to meet the demand of an energy generation unit is directly related with stand density. For the environmental conditions of Jataí, Goiás, Brazil, it is recommended to use the stocking density of 3.0 m x 0.5 m in short rotation, aimed at energy production.Palavra-chave: Planting densities, bioenergy, energy forest. DOI:

Kraft Lignin Behaviour in Diffused Aeration of Kraft Effluents

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Larrea ◽  
C. F. Forster ◽  
D. Melé
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Aeration Intensity ◽  
A Value ◽  
Kraft Black Liquor

Diffused aeration experiments carried out using a Kraft black liquor in batch reactors at 21±1ΩC were performed in order to characterize the relative importance of the mechanisms of chemical oxidation and condensation of lignin structures upon COD, lignin and colour removal and also to evaluate the influence of agitation intensity on these mechanisms. It was found that total COD decreased with time. This behaviour was independent of the aeration intensity and the reduction reached a value of about 18% of the initial COD after approximately 15 days. This reduction was attributed to chemical oxidation of some functional groups of the Kraft lignin contained in the substrate. However, filterable lignin (as absorbance at 272 nm) and colour (as absorbance at 465 nm) were not affected by chemical oxidation. It was also observed that agitation produced the formation of suspended solids by condensation of lignin structures. This took place during the first 2 days and provoked a reduction of filterable COD, lignin and colour which was dependent on the aeration intensity.

Evaporation of lignin-lean black liquor

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 441-450
Author(s):  
HENRIK WALLMO, ◽  
ULF ANDERSSON ◽  
MATHIAS GOURDON ◽  
MARTIN WIMBY
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Solubility Limit ◽  
Lignin Removal ◽  
Kraft Black Liquor ◽  
Black Liquors ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

Many of the pulp mill biorefinery concepts recently presented include removal of lignin from black liquor. In this work, the aim was to study how the change in liquor chemistry affected the evaporation of kraft black liquor when lignin was removed using the LignoBoost process. Lignin was removed from a softwood kraft black liquor and four different black liquors were studied: one reference black liquor (with no lignin extracted); two ligninlean black liquors with a lignin removal rate of 5.5% and 21%, respectively; and one liquor with maximum lignin removal of 60%. Evaporation tests were carried out at the research evaporator in Chalmers University of Technology. Studied parameters were liquor viscosity, boiling point rise, heat transfer coefficient, scaling propensity, changes in liquor chemical composition, and tube incrustation. It was found that the solubility limit for incrustation changed towards lower dry solids for the lignin-lean black liquors due to an increased salt content. The scaling obtained on the tubes was easily cleaned with thin liquor at 105°C. It was also shown that the liquor viscosity decreased exponentially with increased lignin outtake and hence, the heat transfer coefficient increased with increased lignin outtake. Long term tests, operated about 6 percentage dry solids units above the solubility limit for incrustation for all liquors, showed that the heat transfer coefficient increased from 650 W/m2K for the reference liquor to 1500 W/m2K for the liquor with highest lignin separation degree, 60%.

Pilot-scale combustion studies with kraft lignin in a powder burner and a CFB boiler

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKLAS BERGLIN ◽  
PER TOMANI ◽  
HASSAN SALMAN ◽  
SOLVIE HERSTAD SVÄRD ◽  
LARS-ERIK ÅMAND
Keyword(s):  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Alkali Chloride ◽  
Cfb Boiler ◽  
Solid Biofuel

Processes have been developed to produce a solid biofuel with high energy density and low ash content from kraft lignin precipitated from black liquor. Pilot-scale tests of the lignin biofuel were carried out with a 150 kW powder burner and a 12 MW circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. Lignin powder could be fired in a powder burner with good combustion performance after some trimming of the air flows to reduce swirl. Lignin dried to 10% moisture content was easy to feed smoothly and had less bridging tendencies in the feeding system than did wood/bark powder. In the CFB boiler, lignin was easily handled and cofired together with bark. Although the filter cake was broken into smaller pieces and fines, the combustion was not disturbed. When cofiring lignin with bark, the sulfur emission increased compared with bark firing only, but most of the sulfur was captured by calcium in the bark ash. Conventional sulfur capture also occurred with addition of limestone to the bed. The sulfur content in the lignin had a significantly positive effect on reducing the alkali chloride content in the deposits, thus reducing the high temperature corrosion risk.

Correlating lignin structural features to phase partitioning behavior in a novel aqueous fractionation of softwood Kraft black liquor

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Stoklosa ◽  
Julian Velez ◽  
Shantanu Kelkar ◽  
Christopher M. Saffron ◽  
Mark C. Thies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Liquor ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Phase Partitioning ◽  
Kraft Black Liquor ◽  
Partitioning Behavior

Laccase-initiated cross-linking of lignocellulose fibres using a ultra-filtered lignin isolated from kraft black liquor

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Elegir ◽  
D. Bussini ◽  
S. Antonsson ◽  
M. E. Lindström ◽  
L. Zoia
Keyword(s):  
Black Liquor ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Kraft Black Liquor

Investigation of acid hydrolysis for carbohydrate analysis in kraft black liquor

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Maitz ◽  
Marlene Kienberger
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Amperometric Detection ◽  
Kraft Process ◽  
Kraft Black Liquor ◽  
Carbohydrate Degradation ◽  
Reliable Detection ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract Black liquor (BL) from the kraft process is considered a promising feedstock for several biorefinery scenarios. Besides lignin and carboxylic acids, this liquor also contains hemicelluloses and their degradation products. A simple and reliable detection of those is of importance for further processing of the liquor. The present paper presents a thorough investigation of quantitative analysis of carbohydrates, by performing acid hydrolysis experiments with a concentrated BL sample of 44% total dry solids. The hydrolysates were then analysed for the four monosaccharides arabinose, xylose, galactose and glucose, by high performance ion chromatography (HPIC) with pulsed amperometric detection. The amount of sulphuric acid needed for complete hydrolysis of the carbohydrates was determined in the range of 3.5–5 mol kg−1 of BL. A lower acid concentration led to insufficient liberation of galactose and glucose, while higher acid concentrations led to degradation of arabinose and xylose. The carbohydrate degradation was also investigated over time for different dilutions and hydrolysis temperatures. These experiments confirmed that the hexoses require considerably harsher conditions for complete liberation compared to xylose and arabinose. The use of internal recovery standards (RSs) was tested; the highest recoveries were obtained by direct spiking of the samples with the RS prior to hydrolysis.

scholarly journals Study on the Dynamic Viscoelasticity of Bamboo Kraft Black Liquor

BioResources ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjian Xu ◽  
Weipeng Zhang ◽  
Hao Sun ◽  
Xiaopeng Yue ◽  
Dingjun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Black Liquor ◽  
Dynamic Viscoelasticity ◽  
Kraft Black Liquor
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