scholarly journals Mechanical Stimulation Modifies Canopy Architecture and Improves Volume Utilization Efficiency in Bell Pepper: Implications for Bioregenerative Life-support and Vertical Farming

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Graham ◽  
Raymond Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Phase Study ◽  
Growth Metrics ◽  
Vertical Agriculture

AbstractMechanical stimuli or stress has been shown to induce characteristic morphogenic responses (thigmomorphogenesis) in a range of crop species. The typical mechanically stimulated phenotype is shorter and more compact than non-mechanically stimulated plants. This dwarfing effect can be employed to help conform crop plants to the constraints of spaceflight and vertical agriculture crop production systems. Capsicum annum (cv. California Wonder) plants were grown in controlled environment chambers and subjected to mechanical stimulation in the form of firm but gentle daily rubbing of internode tissue with a tightly wrapped cotton swab. Two studies were conducted, the first being a vegetative growth phase study in which plants were mechanically stimulated until anthesis. The second study carried the mechanical stimulation through to fruit set. The response during the vegetative growth experiment was consistent with other results in the literature, with a general reduction in all plant growth metrics and an increase in relative chlorophyll (SPAD) content under mechanical stimulation. In the fruiting phase study, only height and stem thickness differed from the control plants. Using the data from the fruiting study, a rudimentary calculation of volume use efficiency (VUE) improvements was conducted. Results suggest that VUE can be improved, particularly in terrestrial vertical agriculture systems that can take advantage of moderate height reductions by exploiting much greater vertical capacity in the production system. Mechanical stimulation can also improve VUE in spaceflight applications by reducing vertical system requirements or by expanding the species range that can be grown in a fixed production volume. Mechanical stimulation is also discussed as a microgravity countermeasure for crop plants.

Analysis of crop production volume in various farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Anton L. Kulentsan ◽  
◽  
Natalia A. Marchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Volume

scholarly journals Fungicide Application Affects Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency, Grain Yield, and Quality of Winter Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Ahossi Patrice Koua ◽  
Mirza Majid Baig ◽  
Benedict Chijioke Oyiga ◽  
Jens Léon ◽  
Agim Ballvora
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Available N ◽  
Fungicide Application

Nitrogen (N) is a vital component of crop production. Wheat yield varies significantly under different soil available N. Knowing how wheat responds to or interacts with N to produce grains is essential in the selection of N use efficient cultivars. We assessed in this study variations among wheat genotypes for productivity-related traits under three cropping systems (CS), high-nitrogen with fungicide (HN-WF), high-nitrogen without fungicide (HN-NF) and low-nitrogen without fungicide (LN-NF) in the 2015, 2016 and 2017 seasons. ANOVA results showed genotypes, CS, and their interactions significantly affected agronomic traits. Grain yield (GY) increased with higher leaf chlorophyll content, importantly under CS without N and fungicide supply. Yellow rust disease reduced the GY by 20% and 28% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Moreover, averaged over growing seasons, GY was increased by 23.78% under CS with N supply, while it was greatly increased, by 52.84%, under CS with both N and fungicide application, indicating a synergistic effect of N and fungicide on GY. Fungicide supply greatly improved the crop ability to accumulate N during grain filling, and hence the grain protein content. Recently released cultivars outperformed the older ones in most agronomic traits including GY. Genotype performance and stability analysis for GY production showed differences in their stability levels under the three CS. The synergistic effect of nitrogen and fungicide on grain yield (GY) and the differences in yield stability levels of recently released wheat cultivars across three CS found in this study suggest that resource use efficiency can be improved via cultivar selection for targeted CS.

Flowering.

2021 ◽  
pp. 186-202
Author(s):  
Shu-Yen Lin ◽  
Po-An Chen
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Reproductive Phase

Abstract This chapter covers the various factors affecting the transformation of vegetative growth to reproductive phase of guava trees, and the phenology, anthesis and pollination in guava. The agricultural practices for regulating crop production are also discussed.

scholarly journals A review of the bee pollination research on temperate zone crop plants in the past decade: results and the need of further studies

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Benedek
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fruit Species

Intense research was made on the pollination of cultivated crop plants in the temperate zone region during the past decade. Some 400 publications appeared on the subject and some additional 150 papers on the effect of pesticides to the most important pollinating insects, the honeybee and the wild bees. Progress of knowledge is discussed in this paper based on the most important publications. Most new results relate to field crops and deciduous fruit species and much less to field vegetables and small fruits. Great effort was taken to improve insect pollination of crops grown under cover. All these are connected to the utilization of the honeybee as a pollinating agent and much less to native or managed wild bees. However, a number of questions arose partly from the results of latest pollination research and partly from practical experiences in commercial plant production. These indicate several research tasks to understand and to solve the problems possibly in the near future. The questions concentrate on the effectiveness of bee visits in the pollination of individual crop plants and their different cultivars and on the reliable estimate of the overall amount of bees as well as on the control of bee density during the flowering periods of crops for optimal, controlled pollination in the changing environment of agricultural crop production.

scholarly journals Green Synthesized Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Mediate Growth Regulation and Physiology of Crop Plants under Drought Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1730
Author(s):  
Nadiyah M. Alabdallah ◽  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Inès Hammami ◽  
Azzah Ibrahim Alghamdi ◽  
Dikhnah Alshehri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles

Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) are regarded as critical tools for overcoming ongoing and prospective crop productivity challenges. MONPs with distinct physiochemical characteristics boost crop production and resistance to abiotic stresses such as drought. They have recently been used to improve plant growth, physiology, and yield of a variety of crops grown in drought-stressed settings. Additionally, they mitigate drought-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the aggregation of osmolytes, which results in enhanced osmotic adaptation and crop water balance. These roles of MONPs are based on their physicochemical and biological features, foliar application method, and the applied MONPs concentrations. In this review, we focused on three important metal oxide nanoparticles that are widely used in agriculture: titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and iron oxide (Fe3O4). The impacts of various MONPs forms, features, and dosages on plant growth and development under drought stress are summarized and discussed. Overall, this review will contribute to our present understanding of MONPs’ effects on plants in alleviating drought stress in crop plants.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SERTA PENDAPATAN PETANI PADA MODEL PEREMAJAAN KELAPA SAWIT SECARA BERTAHAP

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD SYAKIR ◽  
MAMAN HERMAN ◽  
DIBYO PRANOWO ◽  
YULIUS FERRY
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Small Holders ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Itu Model ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Plot Design

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Luas kelapa sawit rakyat yang perlu diremajakan saat ini mencapai 1,26 juta ha atau 35% dari luas total nasional. Namun peremajaannya terkendala   karena   biaya   sangat   mahal.   Tujuan   penelitian   adalah mendapatkan model peremajaan kelapa sawit rakyat yang efisien dan ekonomis. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari 2010-Desember 2012 di Kabupaten   Rokan   Hilir,   Provinsi   Riau.   Rancangan   percobaan menggunakan Petak Terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah tiga model peremajaan, yaitu 20-20-60; 40-40-20, dan 60-40. Anak petak adalah dua jenis tanaman sela (jagung dan kedelai). Model peremajaan 20-20-60, yaitu penebangan dan peremajaan 20% dari jumlah pohon sawit tua pada tahun pertama, 20% pada tahun kedua, dan 60% pada tahun ketiga. Dilakukan pendekatan yang sama untuk kedua model lainnya. Setiap plot percobaan  terdiri  dari 25  pohon  sawit  muda  dan 25  tua.  Variabel pengamatan untuk tanaman sawit muda adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, lingkar pangkal batang, indeks luas daun, dan persentase tanaman berbunga;  tanaman  sawit  tua  adalah  produksi  tandan  buah  sawit; sedangkan  tanaman  sela  adalah  produksi  jagung  dan  kedelai.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola peremajaan model 20-20-60 paling efisien karena penebangan sawit tua hanya mempengaruhi pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman sawit muda pada tahun I dan II, namun tidak mempengaruhi persentase berbunga tanaman sawit muda. Secara ekonomis, model 20-20-60 dengan tanaman sela jagung paling menguntungkan karena selama tiga tahun pengujian, nilai NPV mencapai Rp. 34.580.627; B/C 1,43; dan R/C 2,43. Oleh karena itu, model 20-20-60 dapat diajukan untuk peremajaan kelapa sawit rakyat.</p><p>Kata kunci:  Elaeis  gueneensis,  model  peremajaan,  tebang  bertahap, pertumbuhan, usahatani</p><p> </p><p>Growth and Crop Production as well as The Farmer’s Income in Stepwise Replanting Pattern</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The total area of small holders’ oil palms in Indonesia that must be replanted is 1.26 billion hectares or 35% of the national total area. Replanting of the oil palms is highly cost. The objective of study was to get a replanting pattern that is cheaper and more efficient.  The research was conducted for three years from 2010 to 2012 in Rokan Hilir, Riau Province. The research used a split plot design with, three replications. The main plots were three replanting patterns: 20-20-60; 40-40-20; and 60-40, the subplots were the intercrops plants: maize and soybean. The replanting pattern 20-20-60 was done by cutting then replanting of oil palms in three consecutive years, 20% of the population in the 1<sup>st </sup>year, 20% in 2<sup>nd </sup>year, and 60% in 3<sup>rd</sup> year. The similar approaches were applied to others. The variables observed of the young oil palms were plant height, number of leaves, girth, leaf area index, and percentage of flowering; intercropping plants were yield productions of maize and soybean. The results showed that the most efficient replanting pattern was 20-20-60, because it only affected to vegetative growth of young oil palms in the first and second years, but not the inflorescences. This pattern is economically the best since income from three consecutive years of replanting were positive; the NVP value was Rp. 34,580,627; B/C was 1.43; and R/C was 2.43. Based on these results, the replanting pattern 20-20-60 can be recommended for small holder oil palms.</p>Keywords:Elaeis  guineensis,  replanting  pattern,  gradually  cutting,growth, farming

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