scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SERTA PENDAPATAN PETANI PADA MODEL PEREMAJAAN KELAPA SAWIT SECARA BERTAHAP

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD SYAKIR ◽  
MAMAN HERMAN ◽  
DIBYO PRANOWO ◽  
YULIUS FERRY
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Small Holders ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Itu Model ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Plot Design

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Luas kelapa sawit rakyat yang perlu diremajakan saat ini mencapai 1,26 juta ha atau 35% dari luas total nasional. Namun peremajaannya terkendala   karena   biaya   sangat   mahal.   Tujuan   penelitian   adalah mendapatkan model peremajaan kelapa sawit rakyat yang efisien dan ekonomis. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari 2010-Desember 2012 di Kabupaten   Rokan   Hilir,   Provinsi   Riau.   Rancangan   percobaan menggunakan Petak Terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah tiga model peremajaan, yaitu 20-20-60; 40-40-20, dan 60-40. Anak petak adalah dua jenis tanaman sela (jagung dan kedelai). Model peremajaan 20-20-60, yaitu penebangan dan peremajaan 20% dari jumlah pohon sawit tua pada tahun pertama, 20% pada tahun kedua, dan 60% pada tahun ketiga. Dilakukan pendekatan yang sama untuk kedua model lainnya. Setiap plot percobaan  terdiri  dari 25  pohon  sawit  muda  dan 25  tua.  Variabel pengamatan untuk tanaman sawit muda adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, lingkar pangkal batang, indeks luas daun, dan persentase tanaman berbunga;  tanaman  sawit  tua  adalah  produksi  tandan  buah  sawit; sedangkan  tanaman  sela  adalah  produksi  jagung  dan  kedelai.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola peremajaan model 20-20-60 paling efisien karena penebangan sawit tua hanya mempengaruhi pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman sawit muda pada tahun I dan II, namun tidak mempengaruhi persentase berbunga tanaman sawit muda. Secara ekonomis, model 20-20-60 dengan tanaman sela jagung paling menguntungkan karena selama tiga tahun pengujian, nilai NPV mencapai Rp. 34.580.627; B/C 1,43; dan R/C 2,43. Oleh karena itu, model 20-20-60 dapat diajukan untuk peremajaan kelapa sawit rakyat.</p><p>Kata kunci:  Elaeis  gueneensis,  model  peremajaan,  tebang  bertahap, pertumbuhan, usahatani</p><p> </p><p>Growth and Crop Production as well as The Farmer’s Income in Stepwise Replanting Pattern</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The total area of small holders’ oil palms in Indonesia that must be replanted is 1.26 billion hectares or 35% of the national total area. Replanting of the oil palms is highly cost. The objective of study was to get a replanting pattern that is cheaper and more efficient.  The research was conducted for three years from 2010 to 2012 in Rokan Hilir, Riau Province. The research used a split plot design with, three replications. The main plots were three replanting patterns: 20-20-60; 40-40-20; and 60-40, the subplots were the intercrops plants: maize and soybean. The replanting pattern 20-20-60 was done by cutting then replanting of oil palms in three consecutive years, 20% of the population in the 1<sup>st </sup>year, 20% in 2<sup>nd </sup>year, and 60% in 3<sup>rd</sup> year. The similar approaches were applied to others. The variables observed of the young oil palms were plant height, number of leaves, girth, leaf area index, and percentage of flowering; intercropping plants were yield productions of maize and soybean. The results showed that the most efficient replanting pattern was 20-20-60, because it only affected to vegetative growth of young oil palms in the first and second years, but not the inflorescences. This pattern is economically the best since income from three consecutive years of replanting were positive; the NVP value was Rp. 34,580,627; B/C was 1.43; and R/C was 2.43. Based on these results, the replanting pattern 20-20-60 can be recommended for small holder oil palms.</p>Keywords:Elaeis  guineensis,  replanting  pattern,  gradually  cutting,growth, farming

A study of growth in swards of timothy and meadow fescue. I. Uninterrupted growth

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. M. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight

1. Swards of S. 48 timothy and S. 215 meadow fescue growing alone or together were sampled at intervals of 3 weeks throughout the season. The number and weight of leaves, stems and ears were determined, and leaf area was estimated.2. Despite high rainfall, the total number of tillers in both species declined from the beginning of the experiment until early July, but increased again from then onwards until the original complement had been approximately restored. The number of leaves failed to show a corresponding increase in the autumn because each tiller carried fewer leaves than earlier in the year.3. In the spring total dry weight increased more rapidly in meadow fescue than in timothy which in turn out-yielded meadow fescue later in the season. Both species attained their greatest dry weight soon after ear emergence, a period which was marked by considerable crop growth and relative growth rates.4. Leaf area index reached a maximum before total dry weight had increased to its highest level, but then declined in both species. Meadow fescue differed from timothy by producing a second crop of foliage after the summer with a leaf area index of about 7. This second rise appeared to be due mainly to increased leaf size in contrast to timothy whose leaves became progressively smaller towards the end of the season.5. The differences in growth between the species discussed with reference to their dates of ear emergence which in this experiment differed by about 6 weeks.

scholarly journals Influence of Spiral Nematodes (Scutellonema spp.) on Maize Performance and Growth under Natural Field Infestation in Mwea, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Samuel Maina ◽  
Rossa Nyoike Ng’endo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a significant food security crop in Kenya and it serves as the main source of nutrition and calories among the small-holder farmers. The overall maize yields per hectare have been fluctuating in the past few years posing a great risk to food security. Among the stress factors associated with maize yield loss include plant-feeding nematodes. In this regard, this study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of plant-parasitic nematodes specifically Scutellonema spp. under field conditions on maize performance in Mwea, Kenya. The field trials were laid out in a randomized complete block design with each treatment comprising of four replicates. The treatments included maize plots without nematicide (MPWN) and control plots treated with nematicide. The experiments were conducted in two trials. Soil samples were taken at a 0–20 cm depth at monthly intervals during 2018–2019. During the two trials, MPWN recorded significantly lower plant height and number of leaves per plant. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between Scutellonema abundance with leaf area index, plant height, and number of functional leaves in MPWN during the 2019 trial. This implies that high population of Scutellonema perhaps has the potential to affect leaf area index, plant height, number of leaves per plant, which are aspects that in turn influence maize productivity. Therefore, holistic sustainable management practices to control Scutellonema spp. in maize fields such as use of organic amendments, resistant maize cultivars, and antagonistic organisms are crucial in order to alleviate negative impacts linked to Scutellonema infestation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Maize Accessions for Nutrients Composition, Forage and Silage Yields

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Amodu ◽  
T. T. Akpensuen ◽  
D. D. Dung ◽  
R. J. Tanko ◽  
A. Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Number Of Leaves

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the yield of forage, silage and nutrients composition of two maize accessions: West Atlantic Seed Alliance 1 (WASA1) and an accession from Shika tagged (SHIMAZ). The maize seeds were planted in plots of 5 m x 5 m (25 m2) size with four replicates for each accession. The results showed that, there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference between the accessions for plant height and number of leaves at 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after sowing (WAS), but leaf area index (LAI) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in SHIMAZ accession at 6 and 10 WAS. The number of leaves per plant, green leaves, leaf area and forage yield at 91, 105 and 119 days after sowing (DAS) were not significant (P > 0.05) in the two accessions of maize, but leaf area and LAI were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in WASA1 accession.. The percentage dry-matter (DM) content was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in WASA1, although leaf, and stem ratios were significantly (P < 0.01) higher at various stages of harvest. The crude protein (CP) and nitrogen free-extract (NFE) were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in WASA1 accession while crude fibre (CF) was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in SHIMAZ. The proximate components (ash, EE and CP) and NDF were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in WASA1 silage, but NFE and ADF were higher (P < 0.05) in SHIMAZ accession.

scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN JAGUNG PROLIFIK PADA BERBAGAI JARAK TANAM DALAM BARIS DENGAN SISTEM TANAM JAJAR LEGOWO

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Intan Dwi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

This research aimed to determine the effect of spacing on the growth and yield of corn. It was conducted from July to November 2019 at the Experimental Plantation of Cereal Crops Research Institute (BalitSereal), Maros, South Sulawesi. The experimental method used was a randomized block design consisting of 4 treatments: J1= (100 cm x 50 cm) x 20 cm, one seed per hole; J2= (100 cm x 50 cm) x 30 cm, alternating between one seed per hole and two seeds per hole; J3= (100 cm x 50 cm) x 40 cm, two seeds per hole; J4= (100 cm x 50 cm) x 15 cm, one seed per hole. The observed variables were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area index, Anthesis Silking Interval (ASI), length of cob 1 and cob 2, diameter of cob 1 and cob 2, weight of shelled seeds/plant, weight of 100 seeds on cob 1 and cob 2, and production of shelled seeds/hectare. The experimental results showed that plant spacing affected the growth and production of maize. The J3 spacing (100 cm x 50 cm) x 40 cm with two seeds per hole significantly affected the leaf area index and gave the highest average stem diameter. The J2 spacing with (100 cm x 50 cm) x 30 cm with alternating between one seed per hole and two seeds per hole produced the highest production in terms of weight of shelled seeds/plant, weight of 100 seeds and yield of shelled seeds/hectare.

scholarly journals The production of Physalis spp. seedlings grown under different-colored shade nets

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Rafael Pio ◽  
Joyce Dória Rodrigues Soares ◽  
Paulyene Vieira Nogueira ◽  
Pedro Maranha Peche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of seedlings of Physalis L. species under different-colored shade nets. Four shade nets individually stained white, blue, red and black, all with 50% shading, were used in this study, and an additional  treatment (control) was used in which seedlings were grown in full sun. The study examined four species of Physalis, namely, P. peruviana, P. pubescens, P. minima and P. ixocarpa. The experiment followed a randomized block design with three blocks and 25 seeds per plot. The species were sown in styrofoam trays. Germination was monitored daily to calculate the Emergency Velocity Index (EVI) and stabilize the overall percentage of emergence. Height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area index and dry mass of seedlings were assessed at 50 days after sowing. The study found that these species react differently to changes in the light spectrum. Seedlings of P. peruviana should be grown under a white or red shade net; of P. pubescens under a white or black shade net; of P. minima under a white, red or black shade net; and of P. ixocarpa under a white shade net. For all species, 50% shade should be used. 

scholarly journals Relations Between Leaf Area Index and Growth Characteristics of Florunner, Southern Runner, and Sunrunner Peanut1

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Davis ◽  
Timothy P. Mack
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Abstract Growth characteristics of three commonly planted peanut cultivars were measured during the 1988 and 1989 growing seasons at the Wiregrass Substation in Headland, Ala., to develop equations for predicting leaf area index (LAI) from other growth varibales. These equations were needed to allow rapid estimation of leaf area loss from foliar-feeding insects or foliar-fungal pathogens. Conventionally planted and tilled fields of Florunner, Sunrunner and Southern Runner peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) were sampled for plant vegetative stage, reproductive stage, height, number of leaves, leaf area, leaf dry weight, number of pods, pod dry weight, stem dry weight, and stand density. Most growth characteristics increased linearly (p&lt;0.05) with time in both years. LAI was significantly correlated (P&lt;0.05) with most growth variables for each cultivar. Linear regression was used to create equations for prediction of LAI from leaf dry weight (range of R2 = 0.93 to 0.97) and number of leaves (range of R2 = 0.74 to 0.95) for each cultivar, and all cultivars combined. Equations were also developed to predict LAI from plant height (range of R2 = 0.85 to 0.96) and plant vegetative stage (range of R2 = 0.81 to 0.83). These equations should be useful to those who wish to estimate LAI from other growth variables.

scholarly journals Application of Remote Sensing to Assess the Biophysical Characteristics of Palm Oil Trees for Ecological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Razali Sheriza ◽  
Musa Fatin Nurul ◽  
Nuruddin Ahmad Ainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Oil Palms

AbstractOil palms are an important crop for Malaysia as the main crop cultivated from agricultural lands for economic purposes. The livelihood of small growers is, in fact, very dependent on that industry. The present study employs the application of remote sensing of higher resolution to assess the biophysical characteristics of oil palms stands for a plantation in Lenggeng, Negeri Sembilan, Malay Peninsula. Band combination with the use of natural, red, blue bands and red-edge spectrum was employed to obtain early information on the oil palm stands at the site. We subsequently employed fish eye camera to collect information on leaf area index at the field. The study also measured the height and diameter at breast height of all plots established in the site. Finally, correlation was performed to establish the relationships between height-to-leaf area index relations. Diameter at breast height measuring points was scattered at the upper part of the line that formed negative relationships (R2 = -0.0313). Height was positively associated with leaf area index, a bit weaker (R2 = 0.2323). Interpolation found plots at varying elevation level. Maximum height of the trees was recorded at the highest elevation in the site, presumably due to the higher solar radiation that enhances photosynthesis. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of the finding for implementation elsewhere in assessing the biophysical characteristics of oil palm trees. The study leads to further understanding of oil palms, specifically the biophysical characteristics associated with plant productivity assessment.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF CERES-MAIZE MODEL FOR HYBRID MAIZE (Zea mays L.) PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
Amied Ali ◽  
Bashrat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plot Design

The trial was conducted at Agronomic Research farm, University of Sargodha during spring growing season, 2015, to calibrate and evaluate CERES-Maize model for simulating the impact of different sowing time on maize crop. The experiment was laid out in split plot design having three replications, keeping planting dates (25th Feb, 6thMar and 14thMar) in main plots and hybrids i.e. (DK-9108, DK-6525 and DK-6142) in the sub plots. The Calibration of CSM-CERES-Maize model showed the best possible closeness between simulated and observed days to flowering and physiological maturity, leaf area index (LAI), Total dry matter (TDM), and grain yield with % error of 4.0, -1.5, 0.41, 0.07, 0.14 and 0.3% , respectively, when maize hybrid H1 (DK- 6142) was sown at firstsowing date (25th Feb). DSSAT,CERES- Maize model predicted the phenological traits like anthesis and maturity phase. Number of days to anthesis and maturity simulated by model were lesser to the observed values, where as, simulated grain yield was higher as compared to observed data for all the three cultivars. Model calculated the close similarity between experimental and computer-generated values for leaf area index.

scholarly journals Efficacy of chitosan on growth and yield traits of mulberry, Morus sp

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Thanga roja Kaliappan ◽  
K. A. Murugesh ◽  
P. Mangammal ◽  
R. Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Chitosan is biopolymer of glucosamine residues, nontoxic, biodegradable and friendly to environment and it also helps to enhance crop production due to their bioactivities. The present experiment was conducted to assess the efficacy of chitosan on the growth and yield related attributes of mulberry, Morus sp. with various concentrations such as 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 ppm. The chitosan was sprayed thrice on 15, 30 and 45 days after pruning (DAP) on the foliage of three different mulberry varieties namely V1, MR2 and G4. The result revealed that, irrespective of varieties, the foliar application of chitosan at 75 ppm significantly increased the biometric as well as yield related attributes of mulberry over other concentrations. Among the three varieties, V1 showed more response to chitosan application than G4 and MR2. At 75 ppm, chitosan showed marked effect on VI variety of mulberry and significantly increased shoot length (170.67 cm), number of shoots per plant (9.03), number of leaves per shoot (29.48), leaf area (220.26 cm2) and leaf area index (2.72) were observed when compared with control. The application of chitosan at 75 ppm significantly enhanced the yield traits namely weight of 100 leaves (448.10 g), leaf shoot ratio (1.45) and leaf yield (14.01 MT/ha/harvest) in V1.

GROWTH AND DRY MATTER (FODDER) PRODUCTION OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) VARIETIES AS AFFECTED BY TIMING OF NITROGEN SECOND DOSE FERTILIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kabir Ladan ◽  
Hassan Adamu Hamidu ◽  
Abdul Bamidele Lawal ◽  
Abdullahi Namakka
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT Field trials were conducted in 2016 wet season at Institute of Agricultural Research IAR, Research Farm(Lat.11o 11’ N, Long. 07038’ E, 686m above sea level), Samaru-Zaria and Jaji Military Cantonment Farm located at 30 Km from Zaria along Kaduna – Zaria road (Lat. 10o 49’ 25” N, Long. 07o 34’ 10” E, 600m above sea level), both in Northern Guinea Savannah of Nigeria, to Investigate the growth of Maize varieties and dry matter produced at varying timing of nitrogen second dose fertilization. The treatments consist of three maize varieties (SAMMAZ 14, SAMMAZ 15 and SAMMAZ 16) and six times of nitrogen second dose fertilization 4 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 weeks after sowing (WAS). Treatments were factorially combined and laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. SAMMAZ 16 outperformed SAMMAZ 14 and SAMMAZ 15 in terms of plant height, number of leaves, total leaf area, leaf area index and dry matter production. Time of nitrogen second dose application 6 WAS consistently produced the highest growth attributes of maize  ;plant height, number of leaves, total leaf area, leaf area index and dry matter production compared to other timings evaluated. SAMMAZ 16 and 6 WAS in conclusion appeared to be the optimum for increased maize fodder (dry matter) production in the Savannah region where potential for livestock production is high.

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