scholarly journals Process Metaphysics of Consciousness

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Prentner
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Hard Problem ◽  
Process Metaphysics ◽  
Insurmountable Obstacle ◽  
Philosophical Project ◽  
The Hard Problem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In this article, we look at the hard problem of consciousness from the perspective of process metaphysics. We thereby identify three problematic premises of the problem that pertain to the constitution of consciousness and its causal relation to the world. We argue for the necessity of re-thinking the corresponding phenomena in terms of internally-structured processes. The hard problem would then cease to be an insurmountable obstacle to a science of consciousness. Furthermore, this line of reasoning is shown to be continuous with philosophical projects from the early 20th century that preceded the contemporary philosophy of mind. Specifically, we investigate the relationship of parts and wholes, and translate metaphysical problems of consciousness into mereological language. Despite this being a philosophical project, we frequently note and discuss links to the empirical sciences, in particular those of quantum mechanics, systems theory and the embodied cognition framework.

scholarly journals Blood feud through the historical imagination of Ismail Kadare: An analysis of "Broken April"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brunilda Pali ◽  
Robert Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Law And Literature ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Imagination ◽  
Form Of Life ◽  
Customary Laws ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper explores the practice of the blood feud refracted through the prism of Ismail Kadare’s Broken April (1978), which is set in early 20th century Albania. Analysis of emerging themes reveals some important insights for Law and Literature. We examine the relationship of the blood feud with a number of themes, which fall under the structural headings of socio-political conditions, social ethos and values, and mechanisms of conflict management. Situating the author’s agenda within a perspective of historical imagination, between history and epic, past and present, suggests the perspective of la longue durée in relation to customary laws and feuding. That insight in turn prompts reflections about the survival and continuation of blood feuding as a form of life in contemporary societies.

scholarly journals The Epistemic Approach to the Problem of Consciousness

2020 ◽  
pp. 481-496
Author(s):  
Daniel Stoljar
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Significant Implication ◽  
Hard Problem ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
The World ◽  
Epistemic Approach ◽  
Minority View ◽  
The Hard Problem ◽  
Epistemic View

According to the epistemic view of the hard problem of consciousness, we are ignorant at least for the time being of something important and relevant when it comes to the hard problem, and this fact has a significant implication for its solution. This chapter outlines one version of the view before considering two objections. The first is that, while we may be ignorant of various features of the world, we are not ignorant of any feature that is relevant to the hard problem. The second is that, even if the epistemic approach is true, properly understood it is not an answer to the hard problem; indeed, it is no contribution to that problem at all. The chapter concludes with some brief reflections on why the epistemic approach, despite its attractiveness, remains a minority view in contemporary philosophy of mind.

Imagining the Sounds Themselves

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-77
Author(s):  
Malcolm Riddoch
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Hard Problem ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
The World ◽  
Phenomenological Perspective ◽  
Neurological Processes ◽  
The Hard Problem ◽  
The Relationship

Malcolm Riddoch investigates the relationship between the auditory imagination and our perception of sound. He states that, from a physical perspective, both imaginary and externally stimulated sound would seem to be the product of neurological processes. From a phenomenological perspective, however, phenomenal sound is fundamentally something that is heard. This apparent paradox leads Riddoch, via the “hard problem of consciousness,” to present and discuss a number of different forms and understandings of “sound” and to eventually posit that the sounds themselves—imagined or externally stimulated—are “nonphysical phenomena disclosed in the lived experience of hearkening to the meaningful sounds one hears in the world.”

scholarly journals Pendidikan dan Emansipasi wanita dalam Pandangan Abbas Mahmud al-’Aqqad (Nadlariyah Abbas Mahmud 'Aqqad fi Tarbiyatil Mar'ati wa Tahririha)

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Nur Saidah
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Child Neglect ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Equal Footing ◽  
Family Crisis ◽  
Theory Of Education ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The issue of women is still a serious discourse for discussion, both about the identity, The issue of women is still a serious discourse for discussion, both about the identity, position and role, even to the character and intellect. This article discusses the theory of education and emancipation of women in view of Abbas Mahmud al - 'Aqqad, an Egyptian thinker, poet, philosopher and journalist scholars in the late - 19th and early 20th century. According to al - 'Aqqad, women have equal footing with men in education and all social roles. But the natural differences between women and men demanding the division of different roles, so that the relationship of women and men should be a partnership. Conservative viewsof ' Aqqad theory based on the Koran, the Hadith position and role, even to the character and intellect. This article discusses the theory of education and emancipation of women in view of Abbas Mahmud al-‘Aqqad, an Egyptian thinker, poet, philosopher and journalist scholars in the late - 19th and early 20th century. According to Him, women have equal footing with men in education and all social roles. But the natural differences between women and men demanding the division of different roles, so that the relationship of women and men should be a partnership. Conservative viewsof ‘ Aqqad theory based on the Koran, the Hadith and the research on the female characters. This theory is in line with structuralist functionalist theory. Structuralist theory gravitate to sociology, while learning functionalist psychological theory, but they have same conclusion, that the relationship of women and men is the preservation of harmony, not competition. ‘Aqqad’stheory could be a solution to the issue of family crisis and child neglect that often occurs as a result of the division of the marital partnership roles are less than ideal. and the research on the female characters. 'Aqqad’stheory could be a solution to the issue of family crisis and child neglect that often occurs as a result of the division of the marital partnership roles are less than ideal. 

8. Religion

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
Ian Shaw
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Egyptian Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

‘Religion’ studies ancient Egyptian religion, the history of which was at one stage concerned principally with the beliefs and temples of the pharaonic period. Now it has become increasingly clear that there is a significant prehistory of Egyptian religion. If the provision of offerings represents a relatively familiar aspect of Egyptian religion, there is another recurrent aspect of many of the Egyptian religious cults that Egyptologists of the late 19th and early 20th century frequently preferred to ignore. This was the tendency towards ‘phallocentrism’, involving cults dedicated to very obviously ithyphallic gods. The relationship of Egyptian religion with Egyptian kingship and Egyptian ideology is an important area to examine.

scholarly journals How experimental neuroscientists can fix the hard problem of consciousness

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Klein ◽  
Andrew B Barron
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Hard Problem ◽  
Experimental Project ◽  
The Hard Problem ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

Abstract For the materialist, the hard problem is fundamentally an explanatory problem. Solving it requires explaining why the relationship between brain and experience is the way it is and not some other way. We use the tools of the interventionist theory of explanation to show how a systematic experimental project could help move beyond the hard problem. Key to this project is the development of second-order interventions and invariant generalizations. Such interventions played a crucial scientific role in untangling other scientific mysteries, and we suggest that the same will be true of consciousness. We further suggest that the capacity for safe and reliable self-intervention will play a key role in overcoming both the hard and meta-problems of consciousness. Finally, we evaluate current strategies for intervention, with an eye to how they might be improved.

On the correlation/constitution distinction problem (and other hard problems) in the scientific study of consciousness

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Phenomenal Consciousness ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Hard Problem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hard Problems ◽  
The Hard Problem

Objective:In the past decade, much has been written about ‘the hard problem’ of consciousness in the philosophy of mind. However, a separate hard problem faces the scientific study of consciousness. The problem arises when distinguishing the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) and the neural constitution of consciousness. Here, I explain this correlation/constitution distinction and the problem it poses for a science of phenomenal consciousness. I also discuss potential objections to the problem, outline further hard problems in the scientific study of phenomenal consciousness and consider the ontological implications of these epistemological issues.Methods:Scientific and philosophic analysis and discussion are presented.Results:The correlation/constitution distinction does indeed present a hard problem in the scientific study of phenomenal consciousness. Refinement of the ‘NCC’ acronym is proposed so that this distinction may at least be acknowledged in the literature. Furthermore, in addition to the problem posed by this distinction and to ‘the hard problem’, the scientific study of phenomenal consciousness also faces several other hard problems.Conclusion:In light of the multiple hard problems, it is concluded that scientists and philosophers of consciousness ought to (i) address, analyze and discuss the problems in the hope of discovering their solution or dissolution and (ii) consider the implications of some or all of them being intractable. With respect to the latter, it is argued that ultimate epistemic limits in the study of phenomenal consciousness pose no threat to physicalist or materialist ontologies but do inform our understanding of consciousness and its place in nature.

The role of life events in depressive illness: is there a substantial causal relation?

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Tennant ◽  
Paul Bebbington ◽  
Jane Hurry
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Illness Behaviour ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SynopsisAssessment of the relationship of life events to minor and major affective illness is beset by several methodological problems. The reliability and validity of measures is not entirely satisfactory. When the stress concept used is that of ‘threat’ or ‘emotional distress’ it becomes of crucial importance to define clearly the criterion variable: in particular, it is necessary to distinguish normal distress responses from depressive illness. In those studies using general practice or hospital patients it is important to determine whether life events provoke depressive illness or some illness behaviour such as service utilization. Because of these problems it is still not certain that life events cause depressive illness.

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