scholarly journals Methods to evaluate the scavenging activity of antioxidants toward reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reşat Apak ◽  
Antony Calokerinos ◽  
Shela Gorinstein ◽  
Marcela Alves Segundo ◽  
David Brynn Hibbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract This project was aimed to identify the quenching chemistry of biologically important reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS, including radicals), to show antioxidant action against reactive species through H‐atom and electron transfer reactions, and to evaluate the ROS/RNS scavenging activity of antioxidants with existing analytical methods while emphasizing the underlying chemical principles and advantages/disadvantages of these methods. In this report, we focused on the applications and impact of existing assays on potentiating future research and innovations to evolve better methods enabling a more comprehensive study of different aspects of antioxidants and to provide a vocabulary of terms related to antioxidants and scavengers for ROS/RNS. The main methods comprise the scavenging activity measurement of the hydroxyl radical (•OH), dioxide(•1–) (O2 •–: commonly known as the superoxide radical), dihydrogen dioxide (H2O2: commonly known as hydrogen peroxide), hydroxidochlorine (HOCl: commonly known as hypochlorous acid), dioxidooxidonitrate(1–) (ONOO−: commonly known as the peroxynitrite anion), and the peroxyl radical (ROO•). In spite of the diversity of methods, there is currently a great need to evaluate the scavenging activity of antioxidant compounds in vivo and in vitro. In addition, there are unsatisfactory methods frequently used, such as non-selective UV measurement of H2O2 scavenging, producing negative errors due to incomplete reaction of peroxide with flavonoids in the absence of transition metal ion catalysts. We also discussed the basic mechanisms of spectroscopic and electrochemical nanosensors for measuring ROS/RNS scavenging activity of antioxidants, together with leading trends and challenges and a wide range of applications. This project aids in the identification of reactive species and quantification of scavenging extents of antioxidants through various assays, makes the results comparable and more understandable, and brings a more rational basis to the evaluation of these assays and provides a critical evaluation of existing ROS/RNS scavenging assays to analytical, food chemical, and biomedical/clinical communities by emphasizing the need for developing more refined, rapid, simple, and low‐cost assays and thus opening the market for a wide range of analytical instruments, including reagent kits and sensors.

scholarly journals Critical Evaluation of the Interaction of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species with Blood to Inform the Clinical Translation of Nonthermal Plasma Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Abraham Lin ◽  
Eline Biscop ◽  
Colum Breen ◽  
Stephen J. Butler ◽  
Evelien Smits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Over Time

Non-thermal plasma (NTP), an ionized gas generated at ambient pressure and temperature, has been an emerging technology for medical applications. Through controlled delivery of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), NTP can elicit hormetic cellular responses, thus stimulating broad therapeutic effects. To enable clinical translation of the promising preclinical research into NTP therapy, a deeper understanding of NTP interactions with clinical substrates is profoundly needed. Since NTP-generated ROS/RNS will inevitably interact with blood in several clinical contexts, understanding their stability in this system is crucial. In this study, two medically relevant NTP delivery modalities were used to assess the stability of NTP-generated ROS/RNS in three aqueous solutions with increasing organic complexities: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), blood plasma (BP), and processed whole blood. NTP-generated RNS collectively (NO2−, ONOO−), H2O2, and ONOO− exclusively were analyzed over time. We demonstrated that NTP-generated RNS and H2O2 were stable in PBS but scavenged by different components of the blood. While RNS remained stable in BP after initial scavenging effects, it was completely reduced in processed whole blood. On the other hand, H2O2 was completely scavenged in both liquids over time. Our previously developed luminescent probe europium(III) was used for precision measurement of ONOO− concentration. NTP-generated ONOO− was detected in all three liquids for up to at least 30 seconds, thus highlighting its therapeutic potential. Based on our results, we discussed the necessary considerations to choose the most optimal NTP modality for delivery of ROS/RNS to and via blood in the clinical context.

Novel peptoids for the detection and suppression of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1302-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E.O. Fisher ◽  
D.P. Naughton
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Cupric Ion ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Active Metal ◽  
Metal Ion Activation ◽  
Redox Active Metal

Novel peptoids useful for the detection and suppression of various components contributing to oxidative stress and for elucidation of the interplay between these species are presented. Oxidative stress involves redox-active metal ion activation/generation of RONS (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species). For detection of RONS, the peptoid probes consist of a conjugate designed to (1) complex redox-active and non-redox-active metal ions, and (2) differentiate between RONS based upon the reaction products following RONS attack on the probe. For suppression of RONS, subtle modifications in peptoid structure impart catalase and superoxide dismutase activities to the peptoids upon ferric or cupric ion complexation.

scholarly journals Scavenging activity of Magnéli phases as a function of Ti4+/Ti3+ratios

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (76) ◽  
pp. 10580-10583 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Canillas ◽  
E. Chinarro ◽  
A. P. Pêgo ◽  
B. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Magnéli Phases

TiO2is able to scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) in the absence of light.

scholarly journals Secluding few lines on physiological interactions triggered by reducers

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Muhammad Torequl Islam
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Redox Reaction ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Oxidative Species

Nowadays, we are very much concerned about the physiological contributions of oxidative species (e.g. - free radicals, reactive species). These include reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), vastly under continuous study in the medical concerns, emphasized on normal physiological as well as pathophysiological conditions. Being oxidizer, they have enforced us to search substances or conditions capability to counteract them, called the reducers. Doubtless, redox reaction has numerous roles in a biological system; despite we badly count the effects of ROS. This paper depicts some important interactions related to the reduction effects on the biological systems.

Scavenging activity of Curcuma caesia rhizome against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrajit Karmakar ◽  
Narayan Dolai ◽  
Pathik Saha ◽  
Nilanjan Sarkar ◽  
Asis Bala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Species

scholarly journals Generation and Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Induced by Plasma, Lasers, Chemical Agents, and Other Systems in Dentistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayansi Jha ◽  
Jae Jun Ryu ◽  
Eun Ha Choi ◽  
Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Nadh Oxidase ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Dental Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

The generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) has been found to occur during inflammatory procedures, during cell ischemia, and in various crucial developmental processes such as cell differentiation and along cell signaling pathways. The most common sources of intracellular RONS are the mitochondrial electron transport system, NADH oxidase, and cytochrome P450. In this review, we analyzed the extracellular and intracellular sources of reactive species, their cell signaling pathways, the mechanisms of action, and their positive and negative effects in the dental field. In dentistry, ROS can be found—in lasers, photosensitizers, bleaching agents, cold plasma, and even resin cements, all of which contribute to the generation and prevalence of ROS. Nonthermal plasma has been used as a source of ROS for biomedical applications and has the potential for use with dental stem cells as well. There are different types of dental stem cells, but their therapeutic use remains largely untapped, with the focus currently on only periodontal ligament stem cells. More research is necessary in this area, including studies about ROS mechanisms with dental cells, along with the utilization of reactive species in redox medicine. Such studies will help to provide successful treatment modalities for various diseases.

The metabolism of sulindac enhances its scavenging activity against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1008-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduarda Fernandes ◽  
Sofia A Toste ◽  
José L.F.C Lima ◽  
Salette Reis
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Species
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