Preliminary Evaluation of the Terrestrial Laser Scanning Survey of the Subterranean Structures at Hagia Sophia

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-84
Author(s):  
Hasan Fırat Diker ◽  
Mine Esmer
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Multiple Cross ◽  
Hagia Sophia ◽  
Point Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article presents the preliminary evaluation of the first terrestrial laser scan survey on the subterranean structures of Hagia Sophia, which was built in the Late Antique Era in Istanbul. The project which was carried out in 2020, aimed to study the underground network of Hagia Sophia which consists of ventilation channels, wells, and other spatial units of various sizes, serving various functions (e.g. a passage, hypogeum, and cellar). This project allowed for a visualization of units that have a total length of approximately 936 m. According to our observations, this infrastructure provided water supply, drainage, and air circulation. The cloud point data derived from the scanning provided us with a plan overlapping with the ground floor, and multiple cross-sections which present the relationship of the different layers with each other. To this end, the survey helps understand the different underground layers, as well as their relations with the superstructures. These relations enabled us to discuss on the atriums of the Theodosian Hagia Sophia and Justinian’s Hagia Sophia. Finally, we could determine the points where the debris and mud has blocked or restricted air circulation in the channels.

Collaboration or Appropriation? Examining a 17th c. Panel by David Teniers the Younger and Jan Brueghel the Younger Using Confocal X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy

2007 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Mass ◽  
Arthur R. Woll ◽  
Noelle Ocon ◽  
Christina Bisulca ◽  
Tomasz Wazny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
Bottom Left ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe 17th c. Flemish painting on panel, The Armorer's Shop, has long been attributed to David Teniers the Younger (1610-1690). The painting depicts an opulent pile of parade armor at the bottom left foreground, a seated armorer at the bottom right foreground, and a forge surrounded by workers in the middle ground. The Teniers attribution is derived from his signature at the bottom right as well as figural groups and other visual elements that are commonly associated with him and executed in his style. During dendrochronological examination of the painting, a portion of the oak plank comprising the overall structure was found to have been carved out so that a smaller plank (containing the parade armor) could be inserted into the resulting depression. This unusual construction, combined with the identification of several paintings by Jan Brueghel the Younger (1601-1678) depicting the same parade armor, raised questions about the attribution and chronology of construction of the painting. Art historical research suggests that the smaller plank with the armor was painted by Brueghel and that the remainder of the panel with the workers and forge was painted by his brother-in-law Teniers. While Brueghel writes of collaborating with Teniers in his journal, this appears to be the only identified collaboration of the two artists. Conventional microanalysis methods did not resolve the painting's construction chronology. However, confocal x-ray fluorescence microscopy (CXRF) revealed the composition and location of buried paint layers at the panel interfaces by combining depth scans at a number of adjacent lateral positions to produce virtual cross-sections over 20 mm in length. The relationship of the paint layers at the panel interfaces provided evidence for the armor panel having been painted separately and prior to the rest of the composition. This data, along with dendrochronological and IRR data, provided a chronology of construction for the painting that provided additional evidence for a Brueghel attribution. An overview of the CXRF technique will be provided along with a discussion of how CXRF data relates to data collected using SEM-EDS, FTIR, Raman, conventional XRF, x-radiography, IRR, and dendrochronology.

Research on Surface Roughness of Die Steel in Micro-Etching

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 896-900
Author(s):  
Hong Guang Huang ◽  
Guan Wang ◽  
Zhong Ning Guo ◽  
Qing Song ◽  
Yu Deng
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Etching Time ◽  
Micro Channel ◽  
Die Steel ◽  
Etching Method ◽  
Etching Factor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, the 300 µm width micro-channel was manufactured by spray etching method. The surface roughness was analyzed by Laser scanning con-focal microscope. The relationship of the surface roughness and etching factor such as spray etching pressure, mask gap and time had been studied. The results show that the surface roughness increases initially, and then reduces with the size of mask gap. While the roughness increases as the spraying pressure increases. The etching time plays slightly effect on roughness for it has no impact on the etch uniformity as mask gap and spray pressure do.

The Stability Analysis of Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall System and the Study of its Reinforcement Optimization

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 2389-2392
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Ju ◽  
Gui Qing Gao ◽  
Jian Hua Li ◽  
Jiang Qian Zhao ◽  
Zhang Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Physical Behavior ◽  
Reinforced Earth ◽  
Slope Treatment ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
System Program

Because the relationship is not considered between physical behavior and cross sections of bars, the conventional reinforced earth retaining wall design based on constant value would lead to some limitations: the haul-resistant coefficient of the top wall is not enough, but it goes beyond at the bottom of retaining wall. In the paper, considering the SARMA method, based on computing formula of traditional slope stability, the detailed programme is realized by the language of FORTRAN, it can make up deficiency that lies in the tradition reinforced earth retaining wall by considering the relationship of physical behavior and cross sections, lengths and layers of bars. Finally, the system program has been applied to a slope treatment project in Guangzhou. Compared with the design method of traditional regulations, it is demonstrated that the optimum length required is obtained, the cross section and length of bars are fully used, and the design is simplified.

Fiscal Institution or Local Community?

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Lajos Berkes
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Village Life ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Community Administration

The abundant papyrological evidence surviving from late antique Egypt (4–8th c.) includes thousands of documents in Greek and Coptic on village life. These sources shed light on aspects of rural realities barely known from other areas of the ancient Mediterranean. Village administration and government are especially well documented. Late antique villages in Egypt were organised in a fiscal community (koinon) which was collectively liable for the payments of the taxes incumbent on the village and the cultivation of their land. This institution was governed by a body of officials consisting of members of the village elite. This chapter discusses the relationship of the fiscal village community, administration and elite in Byzantine and early Islamic Egypt.

Approaches to Teaching the History of Medicine in Late Antiquity

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-507
Author(s):  
Jared Secord ◽  
Jessica Wright
Keyword(s):  
Medical Anthropology ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Approaches To Teaching ◽  
Teaching Resources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, the authors propose that late antique medicine is a rich and versatile subject to teach in undergraduate courses, despite a seeming lack of sources and teaching resources. Following an introduction, authors Crislip, Langford, Llewellyn Ihssen, and Marx offer contributions describing their experiences teaching courses that offer some coverage of medicine in Late Antiquity. The contributions show that late antique medicine fits in easily as part of courses on magic and science, and that it lends itself to comparative or world-historical approaches. Late antique medicine likewise provides opportunities to explore the relationship of religion to science and of medicine to the humanities. The authors show that a range of approaches to late antique medicine, including disability studies and medical anthropology, can inspire productive and thoughtful responses from students, and serve as a helpful introduction to the medical humanities for aspiring healthcare professionals.

The ABPHYL syndrome in Zea mays. II. Patterns of leaf initiation and the shape of the shoot meristem

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (13) ◽  
pp. 1545-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard I. Greyson ◽  
David B. Walden ◽  
Judith A. Hume ◽  
Ralph O. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Spiral Pattern ◽  
Leaf Initiation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Microscopic cross sections near the point of leaf initiation document that spiral and decussate leaf arrangements in ABPHYL specimens of Zea mays are the product of altered patterns of leaf initiation. The analysis of seedling meristems also demonstrates that the spiral pattern is generated from meristems having diameters averaging 17% larger than comparably aged normal meristems. The relationship of these observations to phyllotactic models is discussed.

scholarly journals Ecclesiastical Economies: The Integration of Sacred and Maritime Topographies of Late Antique Cyprus

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 989
Author(s):  
Catherine T. Keane
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Sacred Landscapes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Cultural Networks ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Productive Landscapes ◽  
The Church

This article focusses on the relationship of the church with productive landscapes and coastal topographies within numerous Cypriot contexts of the 4th–8th centuries. Through synthesising the archaeological research and architectural remains of these aspects and categories, the coastal settlements of the island are recontextualised in terms of their mercantile, religious, and cultural networks, on inter- and intraregional scales. The advantages of researching late antique insular societies on local, individual scales and within economic contexts are therefore highlighted. These integrative approaches can illuminate the constructions of religious identity across many coastal contexts, particularly in larger islands with micro-regions and trans-Mediterranean connectivity, like Cyprus. By considering the importance of the administrative and economic roles of the late antique church within these maritime topographies, future archaeological research can integrate both the monumentality and pragmatic aspects of sacred landscapes.

scholarly journals Kecukupan Udara Mempengaruhi Kenyamanan Pada Ruang Kamar

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Syaidatul Maulianti ◽  
Zulfikar Ali As ◽  
Junaidi Junaidi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
The Relationship

Ventilation is the process of exchanging clean air from outside into the room. Good ventilation is able to ensure smooth air circulation. This study aims to determine the relationship of air adequacy with comfort in room space. This research is an analytic study with cross sectional approach. The sample of this study was 30 rooms that used natural ventilation systems. The air change time is calculated from the volume of the room, the height and area of the ventilator, as well as the difference in the temperature of the outside and indoor air. Adequacy of air available with the air needed by its inhabitants. Objective comfort is based on the difference between outside and inside room temperature, and subjectively based on the room occupant's perspective. The results showed as many as 87% of the rooms had no air turnover time and as many as 20% of the rooms had insufficient air. Objectively stated rooms are uncomfortable as much as 57%, but subjectively reaching 77%. Statistically there is a significant relationship between air adequacy with comfort in the room objectively (p = 0.024). It can be concluded that the adequacy of the air represented by the ventilation system is related to the comfort of the air in the room space, to create a comfortable and healthy room space. Future research is expected to consider and include other factors that affect the ventilation system such as the layout of the furniture, the position of the ventilation, and the characteristics of the building so that research on comfort is more objective.

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