The ABPHYL syndrome in Zea mays. II. Patterns of leaf initiation and the shape of the shoot meristem

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (13) ◽  
pp. 1545-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard I. Greyson ◽  
David B. Walden ◽  
Judith A. Hume ◽  
Ralph O. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Spiral Pattern ◽  
Leaf Initiation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Microscopic cross sections near the point of leaf initiation document that spiral and decussate leaf arrangements in ABPHYL specimens of Zea mays are the product of altered patterns of leaf initiation. The analysis of seedling meristems also demonstrates that the spiral pattern is generated from meristems having diameters averaging 17% larger than comparably aged normal meristems. The relationship of these observations to phyllotactic models is discussed.

Collaboration or Appropriation? Examining a 17th c. Panel by David Teniers the Younger and Jan Brueghel the Younger Using Confocal X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy

2007 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Mass ◽  
Arthur R. Woll ◽  
Noelle Ocon ◽  
Christina Bisulca ◽  
Tomasz Wazny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
Bottom Left ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe 17th c. Flemish painting on panel, The Armorer's Shop, has long been attributed to David Teniers the Younger (1610-1690). The painting depicts an opulent pile of parade armor at the bottom left foreground, a seated armorer at the bottom right foreground, and a forge surrounded by workers in the middle ground. The Teniers attribution is derived from his signature at the bottom right as well as figural groups and other visual elements that are commonly associated with him and executed in his style. During dendrochronological examination of the painting, a portion of the oak plank comprising the overall structure was found to have been carved out so that a smaller plank (containing the parade armor) could be inserted into the resulting depression. This unusual construction, combined with the identification of several paintings by Jan Brueghel the Younger (1601-1678) depicting the same parade armor, raised questions about the attribution and chronology of construction of the painting. Art historical research suggests that the smaller plank with the armor was painted by Brueghel and that the remainder of the panel with the workers and forge was painted by his brother-in-law Teniers. While Brueghel writes of collaborating with Teniers in his journal, this appears to be the only identified collaboration of the two artists. Conventional microanalysis methods did not resolve the painting's construction chronology. However, confocal x-ray fluorescence microscopy (CXRF) revealed the composition and location of buried paint layers at the panel interfaces by combining depth scans at a number of adjacent lateral positions to produce virtual cross-sections over 20 mm in length. The relationship of the paint layers at the panel interfaces provided evidence for the armor panel having been painted separately and prior to the rest of the composition. This data, along with dendrochronological and IRR data, provided a chronology of construction for the painting that provided additional evidence for a Brueghel attribution. An overview of the CXRF technique will be provided along with a discussion of how CXRF data relates to data collected using SEM-EDS, FTIR, Raman, conventional XRF, x-radiography, IRR, and dendrochronology.

The Stability Analysis of Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall System and the Study of its Reinforcement Optimization

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 2389-2392
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Ju ◽  
Gui Qing Gao ◽  
Jian Hua Li ◽  
Jiang Qian Zhao ◽  
Zhang Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Physical Behavior ◽  
Reinforced Earth ◽  
Slope Treatment ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
System Program

Because the relationship is not considered between physical behavior and cross sections of bars, the conventional reinforced earth retaining wall design based on constant value would lead to some limitations: the haul-resistant coefficient of the top wall is not enough, but it goes beyond at the bottom of retaining wall. In the paper, considering the SARMA method, based on computing formula of traditional slope stability, the detailed programme is realized by the language of FORTRAN, it can make up deficiency that lies in the tradition reinforced earth retaining wall by considering the relationship of physical behavior and cross sections, lengths and layers of bars. Finally, the system program has been applied to a slope treatment project in Guangzhou. Compared with the design method of traditional regulations, it is demonstrated that the optimum length required is obtained, the cross section and length of bars are fully used, and the design is simplified.

Preliminary Evaluation of the Terrestrial Laser Scanning Survey of the Subterranean Structures at Hagia Sophia

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-84
Author(s):  
Hasan Fırat Diker ◽  
Mine Esmer
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Multiple Cross ◽  
Hagia Sophia ◽  
Point Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article presents the preliminary evaluation of the first terrestrial laser scan survey on the subterranean structures of Hagia Sophia, which was built in the Late Antique Era in Istanbul. The project which was carried out in 2020, aimed to study the underground network of Hagia Sophia which consists of ventilation channels, wells, and other spatial units of various sizes, serving various functions (e.g. a passage, hypogeum, and cellar). This project allowed for a visualization of units that have a total length of approximately 936 m. According to our observations, this infrastructure provided water supply, drainage, and air circulation. The cloud point data derived from the scanning provided us with a plan overlapping with the ground floor, and multiple cross-sections which present the relationship of the different layers with each other. To this end, the survey helps understand the different underground layers, as well as their relations with the superstructures. These relations enabled us to discuss on the atriums of the Theodosian Hagia Sophia and Justinian’s Hagia Sophia. Finally, we could determine the points where the debris and mud has blocked or restricted air circulation in the channels.

Beech bark disease: the temporal pattern of cankering in aftermath forests of Maine

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Houston ◽  
Harry T. Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Beech Bark Disease ◽  
Internal Defect ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Arc Lengths ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

In North America, beech bark disease occurs when bark of American beech (Fagusgrandifolia) is infested by beech scale (Cryptococcusfagisuga), then infected and killed by a fungus, Nectriacoccinea var. faginata, Nectriagalligena, or both. In long-affected stands, internal defect results as trees are cankered over time. The amount of defect, patterns of defect development, and the relationship of climate to these patterns were studied in 50 trees from two stands in eastern Maine. Two cross sections from each of five 1 m long bolts from each tree were selected at random by importance sampling. The total area of canker on the outside surface of each growth sheath of each bolt was estimated from the arc lengths of cankers on the annual rings of the sampled cross sections. Cankering began in stems 12–37 years old and 2–11 cm diameter. Rates of cankering increased over time; years of high or low cankering were synchronous between trees and stands. Cankering in year N + 1 was negatively correlated (R2 = 0.803) with October rainfall in year N and number of severely cold days from December in year N–1 through March in year N. Presumably, these factors adversely affect the survival and establishment of the beech scale and perhaps the development of and infection by Nectria spp. Mild winters and dry autumns since 1983 may have permitted the marked increases in beech scale and bark cankering observed in study plots throughout the range of beech bark disease.

MODELING STATISTICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE CONSUMPTION OF EDIBLE OIL OF VACUUM-PISTON TYPE DOUGH DIVIDING MACHINES WITH WEAR SURFACES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (141) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
SERGEY VELICHKO ◽  
◽  
ELENA MARTYNOVA ◽  
ALEKSEY MARTYNOV
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Steep Ascent ◽  
Repair Materials ◽  
Bread Production ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The most complex operation in the technological process of bread production is the division of the finished dough into blanks of the same mass. Vacuum-piston type dough separators perform this operation. Under operating conditions, the service life of the machines is 30-40 percent lower than the manufacturer's stated one. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the permissible values of wear on the working surfaces of parts of vacuum-piston type dough dividing machines without repair. (Materials and methods) The article considers the method of multiple regression, which consists in studying the relationship between the maximum wear of the working surfaces of parts and the consumption of edible oil to determine the permissible sizes of parts of dough-dividing machines without repair. The parts were measured in several cross-sections in width and height. The sections were selected at the points of contact of the parts when they were moved relative to each other during the working stroke. (Results and discussion) The article presents a statistical relationship between the consumption of edible oil and the significantly affecting wear of the working surfaces of the parts of the dividing device of dough dividing machines. The values of permissible wear on the working surfaces of parts were determined by the method of steep ascent. (Conclusions) Using the method of multiple regression, the received linear regression equation adequately describes the relationship of the consumption of edible oil with the wear surfaces of separating device of TD-4 vacuum-piston type dough dividing machines. Authors determined the wear on the surfaces of parts of dividing devices and their influence on the dependent variable, the consumption of edible oil. The obtained values are fundamental for fault detection and the choice of a method for restoring worn surfaces of parts.

Mechanical properties of the living dog aorta

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Evans ◽  
Eugene F. Bernstein ◽  
Evelyn Johnson ◽  
Carl Reller
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Hooke’S Law ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hooke's Law ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Propagation Velocities

The variation of living dog aortic cross sections with volemic pressure changes is given for states before and after thoracotomy. The relationship of vessel cross section to pressure is approximately linear, does not follow Hooke's law, and is roughly the same for both dynamic and relatively static changes. The implied and directly measured propagation velocities are comparable to each other.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

The relationship of IGE receptor topography to signaling activity in RBL-2H3 mast cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
J.R. Pfeiffer ◽  
J.C. Seagrave ◽  
C. Wofsy ◽  
J.M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document