scholarly journals Disrupt-Then-Reframe is in the Air: A French Replication and Refinement

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-173
Author(s):  
Roxane Saint-Bauzel ◽  
Audrey Pelt ◽  
Laura Barbier ◽  
Valérie Fointiat
Keyword(s):  
Target Behaviour ◽  
Communication Situation ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Persuasive Effect

Abstract Initiated by Davis and Knowles (1999), the-disrupt-then-reframe technique is based on the linking of two moments in time. First of all, slipping an unexpected element into a communication situation that is likely to provoke a disruption in communication. Once this disruption has been achieved, proposing a target behaviour by insisting on the benefit that the individual could derive from it. We wanted to verify that this technique, effective in American, Dutch, and Polish contexts and naturally dependent on the culture of individuals and the communication norms which prevail there, could be effective in a French context. In accordance with the literature, our results show that when the two phases of the technique are linked, a greater persuasive effect is observed. A theoretically interesting way to interpret the effectiveness of the technique is proposed.

The Free Responsible Action of the Individual

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. DeJonge
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Extreme Situation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Responsible Action ◽  
Action Type ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church

If, as Chapter 12 argues, much of Bonhoeffer’s resistance thinking remains stable even as he undertakes the novel conspiratorial resistance, what is new in his resistance thinking in the third phase? What receives new theological elaboration is the resistance activity of the individual, which in the first two phases was overshadowed by the resistance role played by the church. Indeed, as this chapter shows, Bonhoeffer’s conspiratorial activity is associated with what he calls free responsible action (type 6), and this is the action of the individual, not the church, in the exercise of vocation. As such, the conspiratorial activity is most closely related to the previously developed type 1 resistance, which includes individual vocational action in response to state injustice. But the conspiratorial activity differs from type 1 resistance as individual vocational action in the extreme situation.

scholarly journals An ontology to support evidence-based Functional Behavioral Assessments

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Taibi ◽  
Giuseppe Chiazzese ◽  
Gianluca Merlo ◽  
Luciano Seta
Keyword(s):  
Functional Assessment ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Target Behaviour ◽  
Behavioral Assessments ◽  
The Individual

The term Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) refers to a set of multiple assessment strategies aimed to identify specific antecedents and consequences that maintain a target behaviour (Du Paul, 1996). In the context of FBA, standards and protocols to support the data exchange between researchers, health professionals and therapist are under-represented. Moreover, there is a need for sharing common actions and assessment practices in order to improve the application of the FBA. To meet these goals, we propose the definition of an FBA ontology as a tool to describe three specific aspects related to individual, behavioural and assessment data in different contexts of everyday life such as school, family and social environments. The individual data include: diagnoses, medications, school information, discipline referrals and other events, thus providing a comprehensive overview of the individuals and the network of support people with specific roles that collaborates on the individual’s care. The behavioural data include the description of an individual´s target behaviour, and information about places and settings in which the behaviour occurs. The assessment gathers structural behavioural data collections, according to systematic direct observation, and in compliance to the ABC model (antecedents, behavior, and consequences) commonly used in the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for identifying behavioural functions, and designing intervention plans. This data is relevant in supporting statistical analysis in order to evaluate the efficacy of the behavioural treatments. Moreover, the FBA ontology provides a complete model that enables integration and interlinking with other Linked Open Data datasets and repositories thus supporting the sharing of appropriate resources such as behavioural patterns, effective intervention strategies, and behavioural treatments. Finally, the ontology provides the basis for the designing of software applications to support the functional assessment processes. This ontology has been applied in the framework of the WHAAM (Web Health Application for ADHD Monitoring) project, aimed to promote the FBA approach to the behavioural treatment of ADHD children. References: DuPaul, G. J., & Ervin, R. A. (1996). Functional assessment of behaviors related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Linking assessment to intervention design. Behavior Therapy, 27(4).

Modelling the individual and collective dynamics of the propensity to offend

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 421-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-P. NADAL ◽  
M. B. GORDON ◽  
J. R. IGLESIAS ◽  
V. SEMESHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Crime Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Interacting Agents ◽  
Composite Parameter ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Individual

We introduce a general framework for modelling the dynamics of the propensity to offend in a population of (possibly interacting) agents. We consider that each agent has an ‘honesty index’ which parameterizes his probability of abiding by the law. This probability also depends on a composite parameter associated to the attractiveness of the crime outcome and of the crime setting (the context which makes a crime more or less likely to occur, such as the presence or not of a guardian). Within this framework we explore some consequences of the working hypothesis that punishment has a deterrent effect, assuming that, after a criminal act, an agent's honesty index may increase if he is caught and decrease otherwise. We provide both analytical and numerical results. We show that in the space of parameters characterizing the probability of punishment, there are two ‘phases’: one corresponding to a population with a low crime rate and the other to a population with a large crime rate. We speculate on the possible existence of a self-organized state in which, due to the society reaction against crime activities, the population dynamics would be stabilized on the critical line, leading to a wide distribution of propensities to offend in the population. In view of empirical works on the causes of the recent evolution of crime rates in developed countries, we discuss how changes of socio-economic conditions may affect the model parameters, and hence the crime rate in the population. We suggest possible extensions of the model that will allow us to take into account more realistic features.

Review Lectures on Senescence: I. The Causes of Aging

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Maynard Smith
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Theories Of Aging ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Do So

Aging processes are defined as those that increase the susceptibility of individuals as they grow older to the factors that may cause death. Various possible theories of aging are considered, and evidence that may help to decide between them is discussed. Changes in different organ systems may be merely symptoms of some single aging process, or they may be largely independent and synchronized by natural selection. Even if different organ systems age independently, they may do so as a result of similar changes at a cellular level. Cellular theories of aging may have to take into account the effects of selection between the cells in a tissue. The effects of radiation and somatic mutation theories of aging are discussed. It is suggested that radiation shortens life by inducing somatic mutations but that normal aging is not to any important extent caused by somatic mutations, although it may result from changes in cells that have effects on the physiology of the individual similar to those of somatic mutations. Evidence is presented that in Drosophila and in mice there are two phases in the life-span. In Drosophila , there is an initial “aging” phase, which is irreversible and occurs at a rate approximately independent of temperature, and a second “dying” phase, which is temperature-dependent in rate and reversible at lower temperatures. Reproduced by permission. J. Maynard Smith, Review Lectures on Senescence: I. The Causes of Aging. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 157 , 115-127 (1962).

Modeling Learner's Cognitive Abilities in the Context of a Web-Based Learning Environment

2008 ◽  
pp. 544-561
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida M. Souto ◽  
Regina Verdin ◽  
José Palazzo M. de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Learning Trajectory ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Experimental Learning ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Web Learning

Our study is concerned with making the instruction suitable to the individual learner’s characteristics. This chapter describes the methodology used to investigate how to model the learner’s Cognitive Ability Level (CAL) based on the observation and analysis of his/her behaviour in a Web-learning environment. In our study, the CAL represents the learner’s cognitive stage development according to Bloom’s taxonomy. The methodology encompasses two phases: (i) the generation of the CAL classes for the target population and (ii) the study of learning trajectories of CAL classes in an experimental learning module. As a result, we have identified the CAL classes’ parametersvalues that best discriminate these classes from the observation and analysis of their learning trajectory on the Web. The entire knowledge obtained from this investigation will make possible to automate the learners’ CAL diagnostic. It will also give us the background to develop Web-learning environment contents.

Modeling Learner's Cognitive Abilities in the Context of a Web-Based Learning Environment

2006 ◽  
pp. 21-45
Author(s):  
Maria A.M. Souto ◽  
Regina Verdin
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Learning Trajectory ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Experimental Learning ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Web Learning

Our study is concerned with making the instruction suitable to the individual learner’s characteristics. This chapter describes the methodology used to investigate how to model the learner’s Cognitive Ability Level (CAL) based on the observation and analysis of his/her behaviour in a Web-learning environment. In our study, the CAL represents the learner’s cognitive stage development according to Bloom’s taxonomy. The methodology encompasses two phases: (i) the generation of the CAL classes for the target population and (ii) the study of learning trajectories of CAL classes in an experimental learning module. As a result, we have identified the CAL classes’ parametersvalues that best discriminate these classes from the observation and analysis of their learning trajectory on the Web. The entire knowledge obtained from this investigation will make possible to automate the learners’ CAL diagnostic. It will also give us the background to develop Web-learning environment contents.

Group Recommender Systems – An Evolutionary Approach Based on Multi-expert System for Consensus

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1092-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Meena ◽  
Sonajharia Minz
Keyword(s):  
Recommender Systems ◽  
Group Recommendation ◽  
Group Recommender Systems ◽  
Maximum Utility ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Multiple Experts ◽  
Group Profile ◽  
Group Recommender

Abstract Recommender systems have focused on algorithms for a recommendation for individuals. However, in many domains, it may be recommending an item, for example, movies, restaurants etc. for a group of persons for which some remarkable group recommender systems (GRSs) has been developed. GRSs satisfy a group of people optimally by considering the equal weighting of the individual preferences. We have proposed a multi-expert scheme (MES) for group recommendation using genetic algorithm (GA) MES-GRS-GA that depends on consensus techniques to further improve group recommendations. In order to deal with this problem of GRS, we also propose a consensus scheme for GRSs where consensus from multiple experts are brought together to make a single recommended list of items in which each expert represents an individual inside the group. The proposed GA based consensus scheme is modeled as many consensus schemes within two phases. In the consensus phase, we have applied GA to obtain the maximum utility offer for each expert and generated the most appropriate rating for each item in the group. In the recommendation generation phase, again GA has been employed to produce the resulting group profile, i.e. the list of ratings with the minimum sum of distances from the group members. Finally, the results of computational experiments that bear close resemblance to real-world scenarios are presented and compared to baseline GRS techniques that illustrate the superiority of the proposed model.

Quantitative Evaluation of the Interfacial Free Energies at A Solid-Liquid Lamellar Eutectic Interface

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Kaukler ◽  
J. W. Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Interfacial Free Energy ◽  
Eutectic System ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Interfacial Free Energies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Solid Liquid

The solid-liquid interfacial free energies of each of the individual phases comprising the eutectic system, Carbon Tetrabromide-Hexachloroethane, were measured as a function of composition using a “grain boundary groove” technique. Thermodynamic data were combined with groove shape measurements made from high resolution optical photomicrographs of the solid-liquid interfaces to give the interfacial free energy data. An interfacial free energy balance at the eutectic trijunction was performed to obtain all the forces acting on that point. The three interphase interfacial free energies at the eutectic trijunctions as well as a solid-solid phase boundary torque were evaluated.It was found that the solid-liquid interfacial free energies of the two phases of the eutectic could be evaluated from photomicrographs of growing or stationary eutectic interfaces. In addition, it was found that for a substantial range of freezing conditions the eutectic interface shape can be predicted from a knowledge of the interfacial free energies alone.

Processing, Structure, Texture and Microtexture in Titanium Alloys

2012 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 66-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipankar Banerjee ◽  
Adam L. Pilchak ◽  
James C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Phase Fields ◽  
Deformation And Heat Treatment ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Individual

We review the effect of processing on structure and texture in titanium alloys, focusing on the understanding of this relationship that has evolved over the last decade. Thermomechanical processing cycles for these alloys involve deformation and heat treatment in single phase β and two phase, α+β, phase fields, and involves a complex interplay between deformation and recrystallization textures of the individual phases, textures arising from the crystallographic relationship between the two phases, and the scale of microstructure evolution. We explore these interactions and trace the strong dependence of thermomechanical pathways on the final structure and texture.

Structure/property observations for Al–Ti–Cr intermetallic alloys

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Klansky ◽  
J.P. Nic ◽  
D.E. Mikkola
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Intermetallic Alloys ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Multiphase Alloys ◽  
Microstructures And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Individual

The microstructures and mechanical properties of single phase and multiphase alloys are reported for Al-rich intermetallic alloys containing up to 45 at. % Ti and as much as 68 at. % Cr. Among the individual phases formed in these alloys, TiAl and tau (Al67Cr8Ti25) had both the lowest hardnesses and the greatest resistance to cracking. Additionally, the presence of these two phases in multiphase alloys improved mechanical properties.

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