Nicht nur Ötzi? – Neufunde aus dem Tisental (Gem. Schnals/Prov. Bozen)

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Putzer ◽  
Daniela Festi
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Impact

Seit der Entdeckung des „Mannes aus dem Eis“ im Jahre 1991 wird dessen Aufenthalt im Hochgebirge meist mit der weidewirtschaftlichen Nutzung des Schnalstals begründet. Um den Beginn der vertikalen Transhumanz im Einzugsgebiet dieses Menschen zeitlich festzumachen, wurden die Seitentäler Lagaun-, Finail-, Tisen- und Penaud tal begangen, um nach archäologischen Fundstellen zu suchen, die eine weidewirtschaftliche Nutzung des Untersuchungsgebietes bestätigen. Parallel dazu wurden Pollenproben aus den bestehenden Hochmooren im Schnalstal untersucht. Die erzielten Ergebnisse bezeugen erst ab der mittleren Bronzezeit eine zunehmende Präsenz des Menschen und seiner Herden. Botanisch äußert sich dies durch den erheblichen Anstieg von Weidezeigern in den entsprechenden Pollenspektren, archäologisch durch die Entdeckung einer Fundstelle im Finailtal, die mit der Weidewirtschaft in Verbindung steht. Die neu entdeckte Fundstelle Jochwiese im Tisental deutet eher auf eine Nutzung des Tales zu Jagdzwecken hin.Depuis la découverte de l’Homme des Glaces en 1991 son passage dans une zone de haute altitude a été interprété avant tout comme un indice de l’exploitation pastorale de la vallée du Schnals (Schnalstal, Val Senales). Afin de mieux cerner le début de la transhumance dans les pâturages d’altitude de la zone se rattachant à la découverte de l’Homme des Glaces des prospections pédestres ont été effectuées dans les vallées du Lagaun, Finail, Tisen et Penaud, le but étant d’identifier des sites archéologiques qui pourraient étayer l’hypothèse d’une exploitation pastorale de la zone d’étude. Des échantillons de pollen provenant des hautes tourbières de la vallée du Schnals ont été analysés en parallèle. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que la présence de groupes humains et de leurs troupeaux n’augmente qu’à partir de l’âge du Bronze moyen. Les données botaniques indiquent en effet une augmentation importante d’espèces indiquant des pâturages dans les courbes de pollen correspondantes. Du point de vue archéologique, la découverte d’un site dans la vallée du Finail peut être mise en relation avec une exploitation pastorale, tandis que le nouveau site de Jochwiese dans la vallée du Tisen permet plutôt de l’interpréter comme ayant servi à la chasse.Since the discovery of the Iceman in 1991 his presence at high altitude has been mainly interpreted in terms of the pastoral exploitation of the Schnalsvalley (Schnalstal, Val Senales). In order to document the beginnings of transhumance to high pastures (vertical transhumance) in the catchment area of the Iceman the lateral valleys of the Lagaun, Finail, Tisen and Penaud were fieldwalked, with the aim of identifying archaeological sites that would support the hypothesis of a pastoral exploitation of the area. Pollen profils from the high peat deposits of the Schnals valley were analysed in parallel with this exercise. The results indicate that the impact of people and their herds is discernible only from the Middle Bronze Age onwards. The botanical data show a significant increase of pasture indicators in the corresponding pollen spectra. The archaeological evidence has been bolstered by the discovery of a site in the Finail valley which can be related to pastoralism. On the other hand, the newlydiscovered site of Jochwiese in the Tisen valley suggests that it served hunting purposes.

scholarly journals Following the Collapse: Regeneration or Transformation of the Urban Societies?

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alkhalid
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

 In the field of Syrian and Mesopotamian studies we must deal with many changes affecting the urban complexity and the socio-political and economic systems. In Syria, two major regional changes have been identified: one is the collapse of the Uruk system and the beginning of the second urban revolution, the other is the end of the Early Bronze Age and the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age cultures during the late third/early second millennium B.C. The terms “transition” and “collapse” are largely used in the definition of those two historical events.Many reasons could cause the collapse of any civilization: to explain the nature of any collapse we must look at the characteristics of the period that followed it. This paper will deal with the archaeological evidence from the late third and early second millennium B.C. in northern inner Syria to illustrate, on the one hand, the reason of that collapse and, on the other hand, to show how such a collapse affected the developmental trajectories of the urban systems.  

Investigating Burnt Mounds in Clydesdale during Motorway Construction

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
John A Atkinson ◽  
Camilla Dickson ◽  
Jane Downes ◽  
Paul Robins ◽  
David Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Short Account ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Bronze Age

Summary Two small burnt mounds were excavated as part of the programme to mitigate the impact of motorway construction in the Crawford area. The excavations followed a research strategy designed to address questions of date and function. This paper surveys the various competing theories about burnt mounds and how the archaeological evidence was evaluated against those theories. Both sites produced radiocarbon dates from the Bronze Age and evidence to suggest that they were cooking places. In addition, a short account is presented of two further burnt mounds discovered during the construction of the motorway in Annandale.

THE FINDS FROM THE PREHISTORIC SITE OF AYIOS NIKOLAOS MYLON, SOUTHERN EUBOEA, GREECE

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 99-140
Author(s):  
Žarko Tankosić ◽  
Iro Mathioudaki
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Chronological Sequence ◽  
Middle Bronze Age

In this paper we present the unpublished finds from the survey of Ayios Nikolaos Mylon. The site is located on one of the foothills of Mount Ochi, on a strategic defensive position overlooking the Bay of Karystos. The site, although unexcavated, is important for establishing the chronological sequence of events in southern Euboean prehistory, as it is the only locality in the area that has produced evidence for habitation which can be dated to the Middle Bronze Age. In the paper we analyse the material and offer some tentative interpretations not only of the archaeological evidence but also of the place of Ayios Nikolaos Mylon in the wider prehistoric world of the Aegean.

scholarly journals From influence to impact: The multifunctional land use in Mediterranean prehistory emerging from palynology of archaeological sites (8.0-2.8 ka BP)

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 830-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Mercuri ◽  
Assunta Florenzano ◽  
Francesc Burjachs ◽  
Marco Giardini ◽  
Katerina Kouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Multifunctional Land Use ◽  
Prehistoric Settlements ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
A Site ◽  
Mixed Systems

Archaeobotany is used to discover details on local land uses in prehistoric settlements developed during the middle and beginning of late Holocene. Six archaeological sites from four countries (Spain, Italy, Greece, and Turkey) have pollen and charcoal records showing clear signs of the agrarian systems that had developed in the Mediterranean basin during different cultural phases, from pre-Neolithic to Recent Bronze Age. A selected list of pollen taxa and sums, including cultivated trees, other woody species, crops and annual or perennial synanthropic plants are analysed for land use reconstructions. In general, cultivation has a lower image in palynology than forestry, and past land uses became visible when oakwoods were affected by human activities. On-site palynology allows us to recognise the first influence of humans even before it can be recognised in off-site sequences, and off-site sequences can allow us to determine the area of influence of a site. Neolithic and Bronze Age archaeological sites show similar land use dynamics implying oak exploitation, causing local deforestation, and cultivation of cereal fields in the area or around the site. Although a substantial difference makes the Neolithic influence quite distant from the Bronze Age impact, mixed systems of land exploitation emerged everywhere. Multiple land use activities exist (multifunctional landscapes) at the same time within the area of influence of a site. Since the Neolithic, people have adopted a diffuse pattern of land use involving a combination of diverse activities, using trees–crops–domesticated animals. The most recurrent combination included wood exploitation, field cultivation and animal breeding. The lesson from the past is that the multifunctional land use, combining sylvo-pastoral and crop farming mixed systems, has been widely adopted for millennia, being more sustainable than the monoculture and a promising way to develop our economy.

Piecing Together Sha Po

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mick Atha ◽  
Kennis Yip
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Six Dynasties ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Salt Industry ◽  
A Site ◽  
Historical Periods

Hong Kong boasts a number of rich archaeological sites behind sandy bays. Among these backbeaches is Sha Po on Lamma Island, a site which has long captured the attention of archaeologists. However, until now no comprehensive study of the area has ever been published. Piecing Together Sha Po presents the first sustained analysis, framed in terms of a multi-period social landscape, of the varieties of human activity in Sha Po spanning more than 6,000 years. Synthesising decades of earlier fieldwork together with Atha and Yip’s own extensive excavations conducted in 2008-2010, the discoveries collectively enabled the authors to reconstruct the society in Sha Po in different historical periods. The artefacts unearthed from the site—some of them unique to the region—reveal a vibrant past which saw the inhabitants of Sha Po interacting with the environment in diverse ways. Evidence showing the mastery of quartz ornament manufacture and metallurgy in the Bronze Age suggests increasing craft specialisation and the rise of a more complex, competitive society. Later on, during the Six Dynasties-Tang period, Sha Po turned into a centre in the region’s imperially controlled kiln-based salt industry. Closer to our time, in the nineteenth century the farming and fishing communities in Sha Po became important suppliers of food and fuel to urban Hong Kong. Ultimately, this ground-breaking work tells a compelling story about human beings’ ceaseless reinvention of their lives through the lens of one special archaeological site.

Traditions of Metal-Working in the Later Neolithic and Early Bronze Age of Britain: Part I

1963 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 258-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Britton
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Metal Working ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
The One

This paper is concerned with the earliest use in Britain of copper and bronze, from the first artifacts of copper in the later Neolithic until the transition from the Early to the Middle Bronze Age, as marked by palstaves and haft-flanged axes. It does not attempt to deal with all the material, but instead certain classes of evidence have been chosen to illustrate some of the main styles of workmanship. These groups have been considered both from the point of view of their archaeology, and of the technology they imply.Such an approach requires on the one hand that the artifacts are sorted into types, their associations in graves and hoards studied, their distributions plotted, and finally a consideration of the evidence for their affinities and chronology. On the other hand there are questions also of interest that need a different standpoint. Of what metals or alloys are the objects made? Can their sources be located? How did the smiths set about their work? Over what regions was production carried out? If we are to understand as much as we might of the life of prehistoric times, then surely we should look at material culture from as many view-points as possible—in this case, the manner and setting of its production as well as its classification.

Archaeological Evidence for an Early Second Millennium BC Potter’s Kiln at Liman Tepe

Belleten ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (287) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Ayşegül Aykurt ◽  
Hayat Erkanal
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Transition Phase ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Pottery Sherds ◽  
Comprehensive Manner ◽  
Pottery Kiln

This article will focus on a pottery kiln which is dated to the transition phase between the Early Bronze Age and the Middle Bronze Age in Liman Tepe. The kiln is not only important in terms of being one of the earliest examples on the Western Anatolian coast, but also for the local pottery sherds amongst its debris. They demonstrate the continuation of relationships with Central Anatolian cultures which began in the early periods. Very few centers in Western Anatolia have levels from the Early Bronze to Middle Bronze Age phase. This transition phase is being investigated in a comprehensive manner at Liman Tepe and this will provide an important contribution to understanding the region's chronology.

The Early Iron Age Urban Forms of Cyprus

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Iacovou
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Power Centers

This chapter examines the local conditions, traditions, and forms of urban settlement in Cyprus during the Iron Age. It explains that almost to the very end of the Middle Bronze Age, Cyprus had remained a closed rural society, though it was by then completely surrounded by Mediterranean urban states and it was only by 1100 BC that new social and economic structures started to dictate the establishment and development of new population and power centers. The archaeological evidence of 800–600 BC stands testimony to the culmination of a long process of social evolution and urbanization.

Toward the Reconstruction of a Sacred Landscape of the Judean Highlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Aaron A. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Sacred Landscape ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Divine Name

Abstract At least a dozen biblical toponyms for sites and landscape features in ancient Judah’s highlands bear divine name elements that were most common during the Middle and Late Bronze Ages. In light of archaeological evidence from many of these sites, it is suggested that they were first settled as part of a settlement influx in the highlands during the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2000–1550 BCE), following a reemergence of urbanism and a return of economic development that occurred under Amorite aegis. The cultic orientation of these sites may be suggested by reference to ritual traditions at Mari during the Middle Bronze Age but especially Ugarit during the Late Bronze Age. Such evidence may also serve to elucidate the various enduring cultic associations that persisted in connection with these locations during the Iron Age, as preserved in various biblical traditions.

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