Identification and Analytical Examination of Copper Alloy Pigments Applied as Golden Illuminations on Three Persian Manuscripts

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohammadjavad Mousavi ◽  
Hossein Ahmadi ◽  
Abbas Abed-Esfahani ◽  
Mohammad Mortazavi ◽  
Maurizio Aceto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Illuminated Manuscripts ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractGolden pigments are among the most common colourants used in Persian illuminated manuscripts. In this research, golden pigments were investigated in three eighteenth- to nineteenth-century manuscripts. Initially, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry analyses showed that different kinds of metallic pigments were present and some of them were ternary alloys made up of copper, zinc and tin, hence copper-based alloys were ascertained as cheap alternatives to gold. Discolouration of the pigment was observable through alteration of the metallic pigments to greenish residues in the manuscripts. Subsequently, the greenish products in the golden pigments were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Copper carboxylates were recognized as degradation products. We inferred that the alteration is a consequence of the interaction between copper alloy pigments and carboxylic acids in conditions of high humidity. Moreover, more progressive degradation has caused the discolouration, brittleness and gradually crumbling of the paper in the painted areas. Signs of damages in the paper were comparable with decomposition of the paper by green copper pigments such as verdigris in historical documents and miniatures.

scholarly journals Analytical study of Buddha sculptures in Jingyin temple of Taiyuan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojian Bai ◽  
Chen Jia ◽  
Zhigen Chen ◽  
Yuxuan Gong ◽  
Huwei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Unique Style ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractWith exquisite design and unique style, the painted sculptures of Tutang Buddha and two attendants Buddha in Jingyin Temple are precious cultural heritages of China. The sculpture of Tutang Buddha, which was carved from a mound and painted by ancient craftsmen, was rarely found in ancient China. However, due to natural and human factors, the sculptures were severely damaged. Obviously, they require urgent and appropriate protection and restoration. In this study, samples taken from the sculptures were analysed through multiple analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and granulometry. The analysis results enable us to infer the techniques used by the craftsmen in making the sculptures and provide a reliable evidence for the conservation and future protection of these and similar sculptures.

Tribocorrosion Behaviors of D40 Steel in Artificial Seawater

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 840-848
Author(s):  
Liang Shi ◽  
Shao Peng Qu ◽  
Hai Yan Chen ◽  
Yan Sheng Yin ◽  
Li Jing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Diffusion ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
White Light Interferometry ◽  
Friction Process ◽  
Surface Morphologies ◽  
Scanning Electron

The friction, corrosion and tribocorrosion experiments were carried out to study the tribocorrosion characteristics of the D40 steel. Friction process was undertaken using a TriboLab. The electrochemical property of D40 steel was studied using an electrochemical workstation. The surface morphologies of the D40 steel after experiments were characterized by white light interferometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The results indicated that both the tribocorrosion and corrosion process of D40 steel under the condition of seawater were controlled by the cathodic oxygen diffusion. The diffusion rate of oxygen in the solution was accelerated by the friction. The phenomenon of Cl ion adsorption was more obvious for the D40 steel during tribocorrosion test, and the corrosion resistance was significantly reduced due to the promotion of friction.

Homogenization Treatment to Optimize the Microstructures of the Al-3.5Cu-1.5Li Alloy and Analysis of Al3Zr Precipitates

2018 ◽  
Vol 921 ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Jun Xu ◽  
Mang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Experimental Alloy ◽  
Composition Distribution ◽  
Double Step ◽  
Homogenization Treatment ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

The microstructure evolution and composition distribution of the cast Al-3.5Cu-1.5Li-0.11Zr alloy during single-step and double-step homogenization were studied with the help of the optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. The results show that severe dendrite segregation exists in the experimental alloy. Six different homogenization treatments, conventional one-stage homogenization and double-stage homogenization are carried out, and the best homogenization treatment of the experimental alloys was achieved. Moreover, the precipitation of Al3Zr particles was significantly different after two kinds of homogenization in the experimental alloy. Compared with the single-stage homogenization, a finer particle size and distribution more diffuse of Al3Zr particles can be obtained in the double-stage homogenization treatment.

The Microstructure of AlSi7Mg Alloy in as Cast Condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Dybowski ◽  
Bogusława Adamczyk-Cieślak ◽  
Kinga Rodak ◽  
Iwona Bednarczyk ◽  
Andrzej Kiełbus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Alloy Microstructure ◽  
Cast Condition ◽  
Scanning Electron

The complex microstructure of as-cast AlSi7Mg alloy has been investigated. Microstructure observations were done using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Chemical composition of the microstructure constituents was investigated by means of energy dispersive spectrometry, conducted both during SEM and STEM investigations. Selected area diffraction was used to identify the phases in the alloy. Microstructure of the alloy in the as-cast condition consists of Al-Si eutectic and intermetallic phases in the interdendritic regions. These are: Mg2Si, α-AlFeMnS, β-AlFeSi and π-AlFeSiMg phases. What is more, number of fine precipitates were found within the α-Al dendrites. Only the occurrence of U1 (MgAl2Si2) phase has been confirmed.

Milk Films Exposed to High Humidity: Studies with Electron Microscopy and Electrophoresis1,2

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. MABESA ◽  
R. T. MARSHALL ◽  
M. E. ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Residual Film ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
Scanning Electron

Stainless steel plates, which are similar to milk contact surfaces, were dipped in fresh raw milk. The residual film was dried (37 C and 10% to 20% relative humidity) for 30 min. Treated plates were then exposed to 100% relative humidity for 30 min at 37 C. Scanning electron microscopy revealed splotches of fat on surfaces of dried films and the humidified films had a more aggregated and porous appearance than films that were dried only. The incidence of granulated lactose was greater among humidified samples than among nonhumidified samples. Discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that α- and β-caseins resisted rinsing from plates on which dried films were exposed to 100% relative humidity but not from plates on which films had been dried only.

Study on the Electrical Arc Ablation Performance of Al2O3 Reinforced Cu-Matrix Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Gui Min Liu ◽  
Jian Hua Du ◽  
Xiao Hui Zheng ◽  
Qing Song Yong
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Molten Copper ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Electrical Arc ◽  
Anchoring Effect ◽  
Oxidation Technology ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Al2O3 particle reinforced Cu-based composites (Al2O3/Cu) were prepared by internal oxidation technology. The electrical arc ablation performance of Al2O3/Cu composite was compared with copper H62 through a series of ablation experiments. The results indicate that both the quality lost and ablation diameter of copper H62 samples are larger than those of Al2O3/Cu composites in condition of the same ablating current. The large ablation pits observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the arc ablation of copper H62 is concentrate and serious. The result of energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) shows that the molten copper alloy of H62 has been transferred and sprayed. However, the arc ablation pits of Al2O3/Cu composites are dispersing and slight. The transferring and spaying material of Al2O3/Cu composite is mainly from Cu-matrix. The anchoring effect and protection function of the uniformly dispersing Al2O3 grains, which are executed onto the Cu-matrix, has been considered to contribute to the excellent arc ablation performance of composite Al2O3/Cu.

scholarly journals Analytical Study of Buddha Sculptures in Jingyin Temple of Taiyuan, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojian Bai ◽  
Chen Jia ◽  
Zhigen Chen ◽  
Yuxuan Gong ◽  
Huwei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Unique Style ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract With exquisite design and unique style, the painted sculptures of Tutang Buddha and two attendants Buddha in Jingyin Temple are precious cultural heritages of China. The sculpture of Tutang Buddha, which was carved from a mound and painted by ancient craftsmen, was rarely found in ancient China. However, due to natural and human factors, the sculptures were severely damaged. Obviously, they require urgent and appropriate protection and restoration. In this study, samples taken from the sculptures were analysed through multiple analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and granulometry. The analysis results enable us to infer the techniques used by the craftsmen in making the sculptures and provide a reliable evidence for the conservation and future protection of these and similar sculptures.

Investigation of the weldability of AISI304 and AISI1030 steels welded by friction welding

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Tanju Teker ◽  
Eyyüp Murat Karakurt ◽  
Murat Özabaci ◽  
Yaşar Güleryüz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, the effect of rotational speed on the microstructure and weldability of AISI1030 steel and AISI304 stainless steel welded by friction welding method were investigated experimentally. The weld joints were manufactured with rotational speed (1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, and 2000 rev/min.), friction pressure (40 MPa), forging pressure (60 MPa), forging time (4 s), and friction time (6 s). After the FW process, the microstructures of the weld interfaces were analyzed by optic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, elemental mapping, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, the weld strength was analyzed by tensile test, and the fracture behavior was investigated with scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that increased rotational speed had a significant effect on the microstructure and weldability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document