Application and modification of polysulfone membranes

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sareh Kheirieh ◽  
Morteza Asghari ◽  
Morteza Afsari
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Wetting

Abstract Polysulfone (PSf) is a favorite polymer for the production of membrane due to its excellent physicochemical properties, including thermal stability; good chemical resistance to different materials such as different bases, acids, and chlorine; sufficient mechanical strength; and good processability. The present study offers an overview of the recent development in the application and modification of PSf membranes, focusing on some applications such as water and wastewater treatment, membrane distillation, pollutant removal, gas separation, separator for lithium ion battery, and support of composite membranes. In general, there are two major difficulties in the use of membranes made of PSf: membrane fouling and membrane wetting. Therefore, PSf membrane with good anticompaction and antifouling properties is reviewed. Finally, important issues related to the modification of PSf membranes for real applications are discussed. This article provides an intelligent direction for the progress of PSf membranes in the future.

scholarly journals Water and Wastewater Treatment Systems by Novel Integrated Membrane Distillation (MD)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Biniaz ◽  
Niloofar Torabi Ardekani ◽  
Mohammad Makarem ◽  
Mohammad Rahimpour
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Hydrophobic Membrane ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Thermally Driven ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Wetting

The scarcity of freshwater has been recognized as one of the main challenges people must overcome in the 21st century. The adoption of an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and energy-efficient membrane distillation (MD) process can mitigate the pollution caused by industrial and domestic wastes. MD is a thermally driven process based on vapor–liquid equilibrium, in which the separation process takes place throughout a microporous hydrophobic membrane. The present paper offers a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art MD technology covering the MD applications in wastewater treatment. In addition, the important and sophisticated recent advances in MD technology from the perspectives of membrane characteristics and preparation, membrane configurations, membrane wetting, fouling, and renewable heat sources have been presented and discussed.

Monoaromatic Pollutant Removal by Carbon Nanotubes from Aqueous Solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 934-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Pourzamani ◽  
Bijan Bina ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Amin ◽  
Alimorad Rashidi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Equilibrium Amount ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Best Fit

The removal of monoaromatic (benzene (B) and toluene (T)) from aqueous solution by multi walled, single walled, and hybrid carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, SWCNTs, and HCNTs) was evaluated for a nanomaterial dose of 1 g/l, concentration of 10-100 mg/l, and pH 7. The equilibrium amount removed by SWCNTs (B: 9.98 mg/g and T: 9.96 mg/g) was higher than for MWCNTs and HCNTs. Toluene has a higher adsorption tendency on CNTs than benzene, which is related to the increasing water solubility and the decreasing molecular weight of the compounds. The SWCNTs performed better for B and T sorption than the MWCNTs and HCNTs. Isotherms study based on isofit program, indicate that the Generalized Langmuir-Freundlich (GLF) isotherm expression provides the best fit for benzene sorption and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm is the best fit for toluene adsorption by SWCNT. SWCNTs are efficient B and T adsorbents and possess good potential applications to water and wastewater treatment and maintain water of high quality that could be used for cleaning up environmental pollution.

Investigation on effects of aggregate structure in water and wastewater treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.W. Chau
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Aggregate Structure ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Filtration Membrane ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Ultra Filtration ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Filter Cakes

The fractal structure and particle size of flocs are generally recognized as the two most crucial physical properties having impact on the efficiency of operation of several unit processes in water and wastewater treatment. In this study, an experimental investigation is undertaken on the effect of aggregate structure in water and wastewater treatment in Hong Kong. The fractal dimension of the resulting aggregate is employed as a measure of the aggregate structure. Small angle light scattering technique is used here. Different amounts of polymers are mixed to bacterial suspensions and the resulting structures are examined. The addition of polymer may foster aggregate formation by neutralization of the bacterial surface charge and enhance inter-particle bridging. The aggregation behavior may affect the efficiency of certain water and wastewater treatment processes such as dewatering and coagulation. The impacts of aggregate structure on two representative processes, namely, ultra-filtration membrane fouling and pressure filter dewatering efficiency, are studied. It is found that the looser flocs yield a more porous cake and less tendency to foul whilst more porous filter cakes yield more ready biosolids dewatering.

PEI-SiO2 composite membranes with high thermal stability: Synthesis by self-assembled in situ growth and application in lithium-ion batteries

2020 ◽  
pp. 095400832096455
Author(s):  
Wei Song ◽  
Weiwei Cui ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Zeyu Lin ◽  
Wei Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Electrolyte Uptake ◽  
Electrochemical Window

To improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), a polyether amide–silica (PEI-SiO2) composite membrane was developed by the in situ hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and its subsequent self-assembly on the surface of PEI fibers. Because of the presence of the SiO2 shell, the PEI-SiO2 composite membrane exhibited good thermal stability at high temperatures. The composite membrane did not change its color and size after heating at 200°C for 1 h as well as exhibited excellent flame retardancy. Moreover, the membrane maintained its high porosity even after the introduction of shell layers. The electrolyte is completely absorbed in the membrane within 0.5 s. The electrolyte uptake was up to 625%, and the ionic conductivity was up to 1.9 mS/cm at room temperature. Compared to the polyolefin membrane and the pure PEI membrane, the PEI-SiO2 composite membrane showed higher electrochemical stability, with an electrochemical window of up to 5.5 V. The battery assembled with the composite membrane showed excellent cycle stability, and the capacity retention rate was as high as 98.6% after 50 cycles. The LIBs based on the PEI-SiO2 composite membrane exhibited safe operation and high electrochemical performance, thus highlighting the applicability of the composite membrane in high-power batteries.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors over the Last 20 Years: A State of the Art Perspective

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Raffaele Molinari ◽  
Cristina Lavorato ◽  
Pietro Argurio
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Know How ◽  
Degradation Reactions ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Synthesis Reactions

The research on photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs) started around the year 2000 with the study of wastewater treatment by degradation reactions of recalcitrant organic pollutants, and since then the evolution of our scientific knowledge has increased significantly, broadening interest in reactions such as the synthesis of organic chemicals. In this paper, we focus on some initial problems and how they have been solved/reduced over time to improve the performance of processes in PMRs. Some know-how gained during these last two decades of research concerns decreasing/avoiding the degradation of the polymeric membranes, improving photocatalyst reuse, decreasing membrane fouling, enhancing visible light photocatalysts, and improving selectivity towards the reaction product(s) in synthesis reactions (partial oxidation and reduction). All these aspects are discussed in detail in this review. This technology seems quite mature in the case of water and wastewater treatment using submerged photocatalytic membrane reactors (SPMRs), while for applications concerning synthesis reactions, additional knowledge is required.

scholarly journals Catalytic Membrane Ozonation

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-143
Author(s):  
Savvina Psaltou ◽  
Manassis Mitrakas ◽  
Anastasios Zouboulis
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Catalytic Ozonation ◽  
Catalytic Membrane ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Ozonation Process

Catalytic membrane ozonation is a hybrid process that combines membrane filtration and catalytic ozonation. The membrane deposited with an appropriate solid material acts as catalyst. As a consequence, the catalytic membrane contactor can act simultaneously as contactor (i.e., improving the transfer/dissolution of gaseous ozone into the liquid phase), as well as reactor (i.e., oxidizing the organic compounds). It can be used in water and wastewater treatment limiting the disadvantages of membrane filtration (i.e., lower removal rates of emerging contaminants or fouling occurrence) and ozonation (i.e., selective oxidation, low mineralization rates, or bromate (BrO3−) formation). The catalytic membrane ozonation process can enhance the removal of micropollutants and bacteria, inhibit or decrease the BrO3− formation and additionally, restrict the membrane fouling (i.e., the major/common problem of membranes’ use). Nevertheless, the higher operational cost is the main drawback of these processes.

scholarly journals Experimental study on the membrane distillation of highly mineralized mine water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Qi ◽  
Jiafeng Lv ◽  
Wei Bian ◽  
Jingfeng Li ◽  
Shuqin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mine Water ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Wetting

AbstractMembrane distillation (MD) is a promising membrane separation technique used to treat industrial wastewater. When coupled with cheap heat sources, MD has significant economic advantages. Therefore, MD can be combined with solar energy to realize the large-scale and low-cost treatment of highly mineralized mine water in the western coal-producing region of China. In this study, highly mineralized mine water from the Ningdong area of China was subjected to vacuum MD (VMD) using polyvinylidene fluoride hollow-fiber membranes. The optimal operation parameters of VMD were determined by response surface optimization. Subsequently, the feasibility of VMD for treating highly mineralized mine water was explored. The fouling behavior observed during VMD was further investigated by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). Under the optimal parameters (pressure =  − 0.08 MPa, temperature = 70 °C, and feed flow rate = 1.5 L/min), the maximum membrane flux was 8.85 kg/(m2 h), and the desalination rate was 99.7%. Membrane fouling could be divided into three stages: membrane wetting, crystallization, and fouling layer formation. Physical cleaning restored the flux and salt rejection rate to 94% and 97% of the initial values, respectively; however, the cleaning interval and cleaning efficiency decreased as the VMD run time increased. SEM–EDS analysis revealed that the reduction in flux was caused by the precipitation of CaCO3. The findings also demonstrated that the membrane wetting could be attributed to the formation of NaCl on the cross section and outer surface of the membrane. Overall, the results confirm the feasibility of MD for treating mine water and provide meaningful guidance for the industrial application of MD.

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