The impact of air pollution on low birth weight and infant mortality

Multiple metrics to characterize air pollution are available for use in environmental health analyses in addition to the standard Air Quality System (AQS) pollution monitoring data. These metrics have complete spatial-temporal coverage across a domain and are therefore crucial in calculating pollution exposures in geographic areas where AQS monitors are not present. We investigate the impact that two of these metrics, output from a deterministic chemistry model (CMAQ) and from a spatial-temporal downscaler statistical model which combines information from AQS and CMAQ (DS), have on risk assessment. Using each metric, we analyze ambient ozone's effect on low birth weight utilizing a Bayesian temporal probit regression model. Weekly windows of susceptibility are identified and analyzed jointly for all births in a subdomain of Texas, 2001–2004, and results from the different pollution metrics are compared. Increased exposures during weeks 20–23 of the pregnancy are identified as being associated with low birth weight by the DS metric. Use of the CMAQ output alone results in increased variability of the final risk assessment estimates, while calibrating the CMAQ through use of the DS metric provides results more closely resembling those of the AQS. The AQS data are still preferred when available.

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The impact of prematurity and low birth weight on the leading cause of infant mortality

Annals of Epidemiology ◽

10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.07.076 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 619-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J.R. Petrini ◽

R. Russell ◽

M. Davidoff ◽

K. Poschman ◽

N. Green ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

The Impact

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The relationship between the different low birth weight strata of newborns with infant mortality and the influence of the main health determinants in the extreme south of Brazil

Population Health Metrics ◽

10.1186/s12963-019-0195-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cássia Simeão Vilanova ◽

Vânia Naomi Hirakata ◽

Viviane Costa de Souza Buriol ◽

Marina Nunes ◽

Marcelo Zubaran Goldani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Health Determinants ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Chi Square ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Low birth weight (LBW) newborns present different health outcomes when classified in different birth weight strata. This study evaluated the relationship of birth weight with Infant mortality (IM) through the influence of biological, social, and health care factors in a time series. Methods Retrospective cohort study with data collected from Information Systems (Live Births and Mortality). The mortality trends were performed for each birth weight stratum: extremely low, < 1000 g; very low, 1000–1499 g; low, 1500–2499 g; insufficient, 2500–2999 g; adequate, 3000–3900 g; and macrosomia, > 4000 g. Chi-square tests analyzed IM rates. Sequential Poisson regression analyzed the impact of the determinant factors. Results A total of 277,982 newborns were included in the study and 2088 died before their first year. There was a tendency for a decrease in mortality in all strata of weight. With the exception of macrosomics, all other strata had a higher risk for IM when compared with adequate birth weight. Extremely LBW newborns presented higher risk for mortality when born in a public hospital. A higher percentage of infant deaths were associated with lower maternal age and lower schooling for all strata. Prenatal care with less than three visits demonstrated a risk for IM in low, insufficient, and adequate birth weight strata. The cesarean section was a protective factor for IM in Extremely and Very LBW strata and it was a risk factor in adequate birth weight stratum. Conclusions LBW had a greater association with IM, especially those children of younger mothers and those born in public hospitals.

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Infant Mortality Increase Despite High Access to Tertiary Care: An Evolving Relationship Among Infant Mortality, Health Care, and Socioeconomic Change

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.81.4.542 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 81 (4) ◽

pp. 542-548

Author(s):

Paul H. Wise ◽

Lewis R. First ◽

George A. Lamb ◽

Milton Kotelchuck ◽

D. W. Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Prenatal Care ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Neonatal Care ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

The Impact

In this study, the determinants of an apparent increase in the infant mortality rate of an urban population with high access to tertiary neonatal care are reviewed. For a 4-year period (1980 to 1983), all infant deaths (n = 422) of the 32,329 births to residents of the City of Boston were analyzed through linked vital statistics data and a review of medical records. A significant increase in the infant mortality rate occurred in 1982 due to increases in three components of the infant mortality rate: the birth rate of very low birth weight infants (<1,500 g), the neonatal mortality rate of normal birth weight infants (≥2,500 g), and the mortality rate of infants dying during the postneonatal period (28 to 365 days). These increases were associated with inadequate levels of prenatal care. Although transient, the impact of the observed alterations in these infant mortality rate components was enhanced by a more long-standing phenomenon: the stabilization of mortality rates for low birth weight infants. This stabilization allowed the increases in other component rates to be expressed more fully than in previous years. In this report a mechanism is shown whereby fully regionalized neonatal care ultimately may confer to the infant mortality rate a heightened sensitivity to socioeconomic conditions and levels of adequate prenatal care.

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Adverse Effects of Pollutants on Expectant Mothers— From Womb to Grave : A Retrospective Review

Journal of SAFOG with DVD ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1408 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 157-162

Author(s):

Richa Saxena ◽

Sonal Jain

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Retrospective Review ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽

Expectant Mothers ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Aim The present state-of-art study is an attempt to decipher how adversely the air pollution and its constituents affect the fate of a developing fetus. This involves a detailed study on criteria pollutant and its impact on various pregnancy outcomes, i.e., low birth weight, premature birth, intrauterine growth retardation, and reduction in fetus size. Materials and methods All the concerned research and review papers from the virtual dataset were segregated and have been studied specifically. Results In relevance to the specific pollutants, the particulate matter (PM) seems to be greatly responsible for causing neonatal deaths and high infant mortality rates, whereas the exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) reveals low-birth-weight fetus. Proceeding further, sulfur dioxide (SO2) greatly targets expectant mothers in the second and last trimesters of pregnancy, resulting in low-birth-weight fetuses. The impact of carbon monoxide (CO) during pregnancy was also studied and found to be responsible for structural malformations. Active and passive smoking both boost pregnancy complications in terms of ectopic pregnancy, low birth weight, and infant mortality. Discussion Very few studies have been reported that reveal the dependency of pollutant exposure and reproductive outcomes. One strong interpretation is not sufficient enough to meet the complexity related to plethora of information. Due to variation in the number of factors like spatial and temporal variation, maternal thresholds, period of pregnancy, period of exposure, etc., the extrapolation of result is multifaceted. Different epidemiological studies with different adaptation in methodology report diverse consequences. Conclusion The evidence is satisfactory enough to reveal that the most potent pollutant seems to be PM. The detailed biologic mechanism regarding how these pollutants find their way to placental membrane and disturb the fetal destiny is still vague. The review suggests that reproductive awareness programs should be initiated by the government and policy analysts should be done to lessen the increasing economic burden on human health. How to cite this article Saxena R, Jain S. Adverse Effects of Pollutants on Expectant Mothers—From Womb to Grave: A Retrospective Review. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):157-162.

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Infant Mortality and Low Birth Weight among Minority Groups in the United States: A Review of the Literature

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e378512004-001 ◽

1986 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Barbara Samuels

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Minority Groups ◽

The United States ◽

Review Of The Literature

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Pengaruh Perawatan Metode Kanguru (PMK) terhadap Pencegahan Hipotermi pada Bayi Baru Lahir

Jurnal Bidan Cerdas (JBC) ◽

10.33860/jbc.v2i2.56 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 66-71

Author(s):

Parti ◽

Sumiati Malik ◽

Nurhayati

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Health Workers ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

P Value ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Low Birth Weight Babies ◽

Before And After

Most causes of infant death are problems that occur in newborn/neonatal (0-28 days old), Low Birth Weight Babies (LBW) is one of the factors which has a contribution to infant mortality, especially in the neonatal period. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is a benchmark in determining the degree of public health, both at the National and Provincial levels. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Kangaroo Mother Care Method (KMC) on the prevention of hypothermia in low birth weight infants at Morowali District Hospital in 2019. The type of research used was a quasi-experiment. The population is all low birth weight babies born from May to July 2019. The sample in this study was all newborns with low birth weight born from May to July 2019, totaling 30 babies. There is a difference (influence) on the baby's body temperature before and after KMC with a p-value=0,000. The kangaroo mother care can continue to be affiliated considering its benefits for both infants and mothers, as well as increasing the ability of health workers in conducting KMC so that they can provide in-house training for mothers to be carried out at home.

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