Effect of PM characterization on PM oxidative potential by acellular assays: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-470
Author(s):  
Huibin Guo ◽  
Lei Jin ◽  
Sijing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Redox Properties ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Cellular Assays ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
Risk Ratios

AbstractThe health risks brought by particles cannot be present via a sole parameter. Instead, the particulate matter oxidative potential (PM OP), which expresses combined redox properties of particles, is used as an integrated metric to assess associated hazards and particle-induced health effects. OP definition provides the capacity of PM toward target oxidation. The latest technologies of a cellular OP measurement has been growing in relevant studies. In this review, OP measurement techniques are focused on discussing along with PM characterization because of many related studies via OP measurements investigating relationship with human health. Many OP measurement methods, such as dithiothreitol (DTT), ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione (GSH) assay and other a cellular assays, are used to study the association between PM toxicity and PM characterization that make different responses, including PM components, size and sources. Briefly, AA and DTT assays are sensitive to metals (such as copper, manganese and iron etc.) and organics (quinones, VOCs and PAH). Measured OP have significant association with certain PM-related end points, for example, lung cancer, COPD and asthma. Literature has found that exposure to measured OP has higher risk ratios than sole PM mass, which may be containing the PM health-relevant fraction. PM characterization effect on health via OP measurement display a promising method.

scholarly journals Comparison of velocity and turbulence profiles obtained with a Vectrino Profiler and PIV

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 05070
Author(s):  
Jay Lacey ◽  
Jason Duguay ◽  
Bruce MacVicar
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Doppler Velocity ◽  
Sweet Spot ◽  
Turbulence Statistics ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
Turbulent Statistics ◽  
Background Turbulence

Laboratory experiments were carried out in a small openchannel hydraulic flume at the Université de Sherbrooke. A PIV and an acoustic Doppler velocity profiler (Vectrino II (VII)) were used to measure high frequency velocities in profiles along the centreline of a small openchannel flume. Two background turbulence levels were tested. Comparisons were made of mean and turbulent statistics obtained with the two measurement techniques. The results show reasonable agreement between mean streamwise and lateral velocities measured with the PIV and VII near the “sweet spot” of the VII. In contrast, mean vertical velocities deviate substantially between the two measurement methods. Turbulence statistics have somewhat similar profile shapes, yet significant bias is observed between the two measurement methods.

scholarly journals Machine Vision-Based Pilling Assessment: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco Furferi ◽  
Lapo Governi ◽  
Yary Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Automatic Machine ◽  
Defect Assessment ◽  
Textile Fabrics ◽  
Textile Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Fabric Surface

Pilling is an undesired defect of textile fabrics, consisting of a surface characterized by a number of roughly spherical masses made of entangled fibers. Mainly caused by the abrasion of fabric surface occurring during washing and wearing of fabrics, this defect needs to be accurately controlled and measured by companies working in the textile industry. Pilling measurement is traditionally performed using manual procedures involving visual control of fabric surface by human experts. Since the early nineties, great efforts in developing automatic and non-intrusive methods for pilling measurement have been made all around the world with the final aim of overcoming traditional, visual-based and subjective procedures. Machine Vision proved to be among the best options to perform such defect assessment since it provided increasingly performing measurement equipment and tools, serving the purpose of automatic control. In particular, a relevant number of interesting works have been proposed so far, sharing the idea of helping (or even replacing) traditional measurement methods using image processing-based ones. The present work provides a rational and chronological review of the most relevant methods for pilling measurement proposed so far. This work serves the purposes of 1) understanding whether today's automatic machine vision-based pilling measurement techniques are ready for supplanting traditional pilling measurement and 2) providing textile technology researchers with a bird's eye view of the main methods studied to confront with this problem.

Comparison of Sand Patch Test and Multi Laser Profiler in Pavement Surface Measurement

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haryati Yaacob ◽  
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan ◽  
Mohd Rosli Hainin ◽  
Muhammad Fudhail Rosli
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Patch Test ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Surface Measurement ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Pavement Surface ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Sand Patch

Pavement surface texture has been assessed with variety of test methods such as sand patch test and multi laser profiler. In recent years, road administrations face the issues of handling data acquired by totally different methods and the inconsistent correlation between different methods. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine and compare the texture depth value of road pavement measured by different methods namely sand patch test and multi laser profiler. This paper compares the results of two measurement methods for pavement surface macro texture which referred as mean texture depth (MTD). Tests were conducted along North–South Expressway, between km 110.5 and km 107.2 (Southbound). T-test analysis shows that there is statistically significance difference on the result obtained between these methods along emergency lane. However for slow lanes,it was found that there is no significance between sand patch test and laser based measurement. Regression analysis shows that the coefficient of correlation, R obtained from emergency lane is 0.3719 and slow lane is 0.4579. These results generally conclude that there were weak correlations between the result of these two measurement techniques.

Non-Intrusive ECG Measurement on Vehicle Steering Wheel and Driver Seat

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Hu ◽  
Xun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Driver Drowsiness ◽  
Waking And Sleep ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Driver drowsiness is one of the major causes of deadly traffic accidents. Continuous monitoring of drivers’ drowsiness thus is of great importance for preventing drowsiness-caused accidents. Previous psychophysiological studies have shown that heart rate variability (HRV) has established differences between waking and sleep stages [1, 2]. This offers a way to detect driver’s drowsiness by analyzing HRV, which is typically measured and analyzed from electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Although ECG measurement techniques are well developed, most of them involve electrode contacts on chest or head. Wiring and discomfort problems inherent in those techniques prevent implementing them on cars. To address these problems, we make full use of the environment settings in a car to develop two non-intrusive real-time ECG measurement methods for drivers.

Indoor fungal contamination: Health risks and measurement methods in hospitals, homes and workplaces

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Méheust ◽  
Pierre Le Cann ◽  
Gabriel Reboux ◽  
Laurence Millon ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gangneux
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Fungal Contamination

scholarly journals A Semi-automated Instrument for Cellular Oxidative Potential Evaluation (SCOPE) of Water-soluble Extracts of Ambient Particulate Matter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudheer Salana ◽  
Yixiang Wang ◽  
Joseph Puthussery ◽  
Vishal Verma
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Cellular Assays ◽  
Potential Evaluation ◽  
Automated Instrument

Abstract. Several automated instruments exist to measure the acellular oxidative potential (OP) of ambient particulate matter (PM). However, cellular OP of the ambient PM is still measured manually, which severely limits the comparison between two types of assays. Cellular assays could provide a more comprehensive assessment of the PM-induced oxidative stress, as they incorporate more biological processes involved in the PM-catalyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Considering this need, we developed a first of its kind semi-automated instrument for measuring the cellular OP based on a macrophage ROS assay using rat alveolar macrophages. The instrument named SCOPE – Semi-automated instrument for Cellular Oxidative Potential Evaluation, uses dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) as a probe to detect the OP of PM samples extracted in water. SCOPE is capable of analyzing a batch of six samples (including one negative and one positive control) in five hours and is equipped to operate continuously for 24-hours with minimal manual intervention after every batch of analysis, i.e., after every five hours. SCOPE has a high analytical precision as assessed from both positive controls and ambient PM samples (CoV < 17 %). The results obtained from the instrument were in good agreement with manual measurements using tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) as the positive control (slope = 0.83 for automated vs. manual, R2 = 0.99) and ambient samples (slope = 0.83, R2 = 0.71). We further demonstrated the ability of SCOPE to analyze a large number of both ambient and laboratory samples, and developed a dataset on the intrinsic cellular OP of several compounds, such as metals, quinones, PAHs and inorganic salts, commonly known to be present in ambient PM. This dataset is potentially useful in future studies to apportion the contribution of key chemical species in the overall cellular OP of ambient PM.

scholarly journals A comparison of retrospective radon gas measurement techniques carried out in the Serbian spa of Niska Banja

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zora Zunic ◽  
Kevin Kelleher ◽  
Igor Celikovic ◽  
Predrag Ujic ◽  
Johan Paridaens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Radon Progeny ◽  
Surface Trap ◽  
Radon Measurement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Radon Gas ◽  
Gas Measurement ◽  
The University

Indoor radon retrospective concentrations were obtained and compared using two radon measurement methods. Both methods rely on the measurement of the long-lived radon progeny 210Pb, collected either on the surfaces (surface trap technique), most frequently glass, or in a volume trap, usually sponge from furniture (volume trap technique). These techniques have been used to retrospectively estimate radon gas concentrations that have existed in dwellings in the past. The work presented here compares the results provided by the surface trap technique devised at the University College of Dublin, Ireland, and the volume trap technique devised at the Scientific Research Center, Mol, Belgium. The field campaign was carried out by the research team of the ECE Laboratory of the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences at the spa of Niska Banja, identified as a region of Serbia with a high indoor radon and ground water radium and radon content.

scholarly journals Source apportionment of atmospheric PM<sub>10</sub> oxidative potential: synthesis of 15 year-round urban datasets in France

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 11353-11378
Author(s):  
Samuël Weber ◽  
Gaëlle Uzu ◽  
Olivier Favez ◽  
Lucille Joanna S. Borlaza ◽  
Aude Calas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Redox Activity ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Oxidative Potential

Abstract. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) carried or induced by particulate matter (PM) are suspected of inducing oxidative stress in vivo, leading to adverse health impacts such as respiratory or cardiovascular diseases. The oxidative potential (OP) of PM, displaying the ability of PM to oxidize the lung environment, is gaining strong interest in examining health risks associated with PM exposure. In this study, OP was measured by two different acellular assays (dithiothreitol, DTT, and ascorbic acid, AA) on PM10 filter samples from 15 yearly time series of filters collected at 14 different locations in France between 2013 and 2018, including urban, traffic and Alpine valley site typologies. A detailed chemical speciation was also performed on the same samples, allowing the source apportionment of PM using positive matrix factorization (PMF) for each series, for a total number of more than 1700 samples. This study then provides a large-scale synthesis of the source apportionment of OP using coupled PMF and multiple linear regression (MLR) models. The primary road traffic, biomass burning, dust, MSA-rich, and primary biogenic sources had distinct positive redox activity towards the OPDTT assay, whereas biomass burning and road traffic sources only display significant activity for the OPAA assay. The daily median source contribution to the total OPDTT highlighted the dominant influence of the primary road traffic source. Both the biomass burning and the road traffic sources contributed evenly to the observed OPAA. Therefore, it appears clear that residential wood burning and road traffic are the two main target sources to be prioritized in order to decrease significantly the OP in western Europe and, if the OP is a good proxy of human health impact, to lower the health risks from PM exposure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document