Frontiers in mathematical modelling of the lipid metabolism under normal conditions and its alterations in heart diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-266
Author(s):  
Gennady A. Bocharov ◽  
Dmitry S. Grebennikov ◽  
Rostislav S. Savinkov
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cellular Tissue ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Entire Trajectory

Abstract Pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease is a complex phenomenon determined by the interaction of multiple processes including the inflammatory, immunological, infectious, mechanical, biochemical and epigenetic ones. A predictive clinically relevant modelling of the entire trajectory of the human organism, from the initial alterations in lipid metabolism through to atherosclerotic plaque formation and finally to the pathologic state of the ischemic heart disease, is an open insufficiently explored problem. In the present review, we consider the existing mathematical frameworks which are used to describe, analyze and predict the dynamics of various processes related to cardiovascular diseases at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and holistic human organism level. The mechanistic, statistical and machine learning models are discussed in detail with special focus on the underlying assumptions and their clinical relevance. All together, they provide a solid computational platform for further expansion and tailoring for practical applications.

A study on the clinical profile and risk factors of ischemic heart disease in women

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-132
Author(s):  
Sarath Kumar Reddy B ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Stable Angina ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Chronic Stable Angina ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Ischemic Heart Diseases

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the principle causes of morbidity and of mortality in women1. Ischemic heart disease may manifest clinically as either chronic stable angina or acute coronary syndrome2 (ACS). Traditional risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, etc.) contribute to the development of IHD in both women and men. Some risk factors are unique to women (e.g., pregnancy-related complications, menopause), which cause increased mortality in women Aim: To study the risk factors and clinical profile of ischemic heart disease in women. Materials And Methods: Hospital-based prospective, cross-sectional study done in 50 patients with ischemic heart disease. Patients with a history of Chest pain suggestive of ischemic heart diseases and Electrocardiogram and cardiac biomarkers suggestive of ischemic heart disease were included in the study. Results: Maximum incidence of ischemic heart diseases is seen in the 6th decade. Mean age is 58.92 + 2.8years. 64%of the patients presented with chest pain, and 36% patients presented without any chest pain. After chest pain, the most common symptom was palpitations, seen in 56% patients, followed by sweating (44%). 30% presented to the medical facility within 3hours. 88% were diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome, and 12% were diagnosed with chronic stable angina. Women specific risk factors include the pregnancy-related complications seen in 10% patients, menopause attained in 86% patients, PCOS seen in 08% patients, use of oral contraceptive pills noticed in 08% patients, Other risk factors identified were hypothyroidism in 16% patients, connective tissue disorders like rheumatoid arthritis seen in 12% of the patients. Conclusion: Awareness regarding atypical symptoms as well as other symptoms of IHD should be created among women to avoid delayed complications. Simple lifestyle modifications like physical activity, diet modifications, etc., will reduce the number of women at risk for IHD.

Role of blood lipid metabolism in mechanisms of interrelationship of ischemic heart disease, anxious and depressive disorders

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S372
Author(s):  
N.P. Garganeyeva ◽  
M.F. Belokrylova ◽  
A.I. Rozin ◽  
S.Y. Shtarik ◽  
D.S. Kaskayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Ischemic Heart

scholarly journals The role of platelet indices in ischemic heart disease: a hospital based case control type of study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3426
Author(s):  
Priyanka S. Gandhi ◽  
Bhavna N. Gamit
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Noncardiac Chest Pain ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Pain Patients

Background: In developing countries, Ischemic heart diseases (IHD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The underlying pathology of CAD is atherosclerosis. When this atherosclerotic plaque ruptures, platelets play a crucial role in the prothrombotic events and forms a thrombus on this plaque and as a result coronary artery gets occluded causing ischemia and infarction. Platelet contains many chemokines, cytokines and growth factors. Release of these factors along with interaction with endothelial cells and leukocytes promotes inflammation and progression of atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the association between platelet volume indices in patients with diagnosis of Ischemic heart disease in comparison with control group.Methods: By using automated cell counter platelet count and platelet volume indices - were compared with Normal healthy or non-cardiac chest pain patients with the use of unpaired t test.Results: In the present study, we demonstrated that platelet count is significantly low and MPV and PDW are significantly high in Ischemic heart disease as compared to patients with noncardiac chest pain or healthy subjects. The correlation of MPV with PC revealed an inverse correlation between the patients of IHD and healthy or non-cardiac chest pain patients which is statistically significant.Conclusions: The platelet volume indices are an important, simple, effortless and a cost-effective tool useful in predicting the development of an acute coronary event sometimes in the near future and therapeutic modification for improved patient’s cardiovascular care.

scholarly journals Spectrum of heart diseases on Echocardiography in a Rural tertiary care Medical college hospital in Bangladesh

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
Md Annaz Mus Sakib ◽  
Ranjan Talukder ◽  
Sheikh Mohammed Taslim Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Hypertensive Heart Disease ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Pericardial Diseases

Background: Echocardiography is a non-invasive, on-injurious, relatively cheap and useful   imaging technique for the evaluation of cardiac diseases. The procedure has reliable levels of  accuracy. Echocardiography commenced at the Cardiology Department of Khawja Yunus Ali   Medical College Hospital,Enayetpur Sirajgonj,Bangladesh since 2004.The aim of this study is to  report our experience with the procedure, and to define the clinical cases seen in our setting.Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected data. Echocardiography was  performed using Aloka Prosound-SSD 5500 SV echocardiograph equipped with 2.5-5.0 MHz   transducer.  Results: During the period of 6 months under review (July 2011-December 2011), 1883 procedures  were performed. Those reports were reviewed for demographic parameter, indications for the procedure and the main echocardiographic diagnoses. The mean age of the 1883 individuals   studied was 50 +/- 18.67 years (10-90). There were 1221 men and 662 women. Four hundred   ninety eight(498) (26.45%) had Ischemic Heart Disease, 229(12.16%) subjects were Hypertensive Heart disease,160 subjects (8.5%) had rheumatic heart disease while 62,(3.3%) had   cardiomyopathy. Pericardial diseases, corpulmonale, congenital heart diseases, were present in 36(1.92%), 35 (1.85%), 88(4.67%), respectively. Seven hundred and Seventy Five (41.1%) subjects had normal study.   Conclusion: Ischemic heart disease was found to be the most prevalent cardiac condition in this study. The relatively frequent diagnoses of Hypertensive heart Disease, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathies and pericardial diseases reflect the impact of infections on the cardiovascular   health of adult Bangladeshis. We suggest that prevention and treatment of cardiac diseases in our setting should among other things focus on life style modification, Ceasation of smoking,regular exercise, blood pressure and blood glucose control and early treatment of infections causing heart   diseases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v3i1.13657KYAMC Journal Vol. 3, No.-1, June 2012 p.223-224

scholarly journals Increased Medical Visits and Mortality among Adults with Cardiovascular Diseases in Severely Affected Areas after Typhoon Morakot

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6531
Author(s):  
Hsin-I Shih ◽  
Tzu-Yuan Chao ◽  
Yi-Ting Huang ◽  
Yi-Fang Tu ◽  
Tzu-Ching Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Typhoon Morakot ◽  
Ischemic Heart Diseases ◽  
Medical Visits

Natural disasters have negative health impacts on chronic diseases in affected populations. Severely affected areas are usually rural areas with limited basic infrastructure and a population have that has limited access to optimal healthcare after a disaster. Patients with cardiovascular diseases are required to maintain quality care, especially after disasters. A population-based case-control study enrolled adults from the National Health Insurance Registry who had ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease histories and lived in the area affected by Typhoon Morakot in 2009. Monthly medical visits for acute cerebrovascular and ischemic heart diseases markedly increased at approximately 1–2 months after the typhoon. Survival analysis during the two years following the typhoon indicated a significant increase in mortality in adults with an acute ischemic heart disease history who lived in the severely affected area. Mortality hazard analysis showed that among affected adults with previous cerebrovascular diseases and acute ischemic heart diseases, patients with diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.3–1.7), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) (adjusted HR: 2.0–2.7), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and asthma (adjusted HR: 1.7–2.1), liver cirrhosis (adjusted HR: 2.3–3.3) and neoplasms (adjusted HR: 1.1–2.1) had significantly increased mortality rates. Consequently, high-quality and accessible primary healthcare plans should be made available to maintain and support affected populations after disasters.

scholarly journals Behavioural risk factors associated with ischemic heart disease among population attending selected cardiac hospitals of Kathmandu, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Sangita Shrestha ◽  
Shova Laxmi Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Factors Associated

Background and Aims: Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is the number one cause of morbidity and mortality among the in-patient of different cardiac hospital of developing countries like Nepal. The prevalence of IHD is high with significant associated risk factors that include tobacco use, history of hypertension, family history and age. Though IHD can cause life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, yet it is preventable disease. The objective of the study was to study the risk factors associated with ischemic heart diseases among population attending selected cardiac hospitals of Kathmandu.Methods: Hospital- based pair matched case-control was conducted among the patients with IHD at Manmohan Cardiothoracic Vascular and Transplant Centre (MCTVC) and Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center (SGNHC). Non- random purposive sampling technique was applied and sample size was calculated as 105 (35 cases and 70 controls). Case and control were matched with age (Å} 2 years) and sex from the same hospitals. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional review board, Institute of medicine. Informed consent was obtained prior to information collection, after explaining about the purpose of the study to the entire participants. Only interested participants were included in the study. Confidentiality of the subject was ensured by collecting data in separate private room. Univariate associations between the risk factors and IHD under study was assessed by applying Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test and expressed as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. To assess the strength of association, the odds ratio was calculated.Results: 88.6% cases and 90% controls participants were of age 41 years and above and IHD was more common in male (60%) than female (40%). The participants who were not doing work-related moderate-intense activity are twice more likely to have IHD compared to controls (OR=2.276, p=0.049), similarly, hypertensive are two times (OR=2.276, p=0.049), obese are more than two times (OR=2.44, p=0.045), and participants with high waist to hip ratio are almost three times more likely to suffer from IHD (OR=2.88, p=0.013).Conclusions: The current smoking, physical inactivity, hypertension and waist to hip ratio tend to be the significant risk factors of IHD. Minimizing exposure to the identified risk factors can prevent burden of complex and expensive IHD treatment.

The Role of MicroRNA and LncRNA–MicroRNA Interactions in Regulating Ischemic Heart Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Murugavel Ponnusamy ◽  
Meng-peng Li ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Pei-Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy

Approximately 2% of the human genome consists of protein-coding regions. Therefore, the majority of transcripts are noncoding RNAs, such as microRNA (miRNA) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). In ischemic heart disease, the majority of miRNAs are repressors or destabilizers of target messenger RNAs. The lncRNAs are a second class of noncoding RNAs that have recently gained attention for their roles in heart disease and in regulating the functions of miRNA. In this review, we summarize the role of miRNA in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial infarction. In addition, we discuss the functional interactions of miRNA and lncRNA and its impact on these ischemic heart diseases.

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