Auf der Speisekarte der DPAG: Rechtliche oder ökonomische Marktzutrittsschranken?

SummaryThe liberalization of the German Markets for postal services which have been realized with the beginning of 2008 was politically combined with the introduction of minimum wage legislation. This minimum wage increases the labour costs of the competitors without reaching the cost level of the incumbent. The industrial economic analysis shows that the minimum wage is able to prevent market entries. But the minimum wage legislation is under attack by administrative courts and some political parties. Hence, it is possible that the minimum wage for postal services will be shortly abolished. An alternative to the minimum wage could be the using of existing economies of scale and scope by the incumbent to squeeze the competitors out of the market.

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The Pass-Through of Minimum Wages into US Retail Prices: Evidence from Supermarket Scanner Data

Review of Economics and Statistics ◽

10.1162/rest_a_00981 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-99

Author(s):

Tobias Renkin ◽

Claire Montialoux ◽

Michael Siegenthaler

Keyword(s):

Minimum Wage ◽

State Level ◽

Minimum Wages ◽

Scanner Data ◽

Consumer Prices ◽

Retail Prices ◽

Minimum Wage Legislation ◽

Pass Through ◽

Wage Increases ◽

Grocery Products

This paper estimates the pass-through of minimum wage increases into the prices of US grocery and drug stores. We use high-frequency scanner data and leverage a large number of state-level increases in minimum wages between 2001 and 2012. We find that a 10% minimum wage hike translates into a 0.36% increase in the prices of grocery products. This magnitude is consistent with a full pass-through of cost increases into consumer prices. We show that price adjustments occur mostly in the three months following the passage of minimum wage legislation rather than after implementation, suggesting that pricing of groceries is forward-looking.

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Wage pressures may arrest future development in Mexico

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db214016 ◽

2016 ◽

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Minimum Wage ◽

Future Development ◽

Real Wage ◽

Political Pressure ◽

Content Type ◽

Labour Costs ◽

Wage Increases ◽

Productivity Gains

Subject Wages and development in Mexico. Significance Mexico's labour costs have been rising since 2015, particularly in some manufacturing activities, and political pressure is increasing for a substantial minimum wage hike. For exporting sectors, the significant peso depreciation has meant a substantial boost in wage competitiveness. However, there are no significant productivity gains that warrant such rises. Impacts A peso appreciation would erode wage competitiveness, even if a strengthening to pre-2014 levels is unlikely. Despite political pressures, no out-of-calendar minimum wage increases are likely for the rest of the Pena Nieto administration. Real wage increases should not affect on inflation given subdued economic growth.

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Adjustments to Minimum Wages in China: Cost-Neutral Offsets

Relations industrielles ◽

10.7202/1033408ar ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 510-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jing Wang ◽

Morley Gunderson

Keyword(s):

Minimum Wage ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Unintended Consequences ◽

Minimum Wages ◽

Wage Increase ◽

Minimum Wage Increase ◽

Overtime Work ◽

Zero Effect ◽

Wage Increases ◽

The Cost

Summary Based on qualitative interviews of workers, managers and labour inspectors in China, we examine how employers adjust, often in subtle fashions, to minimum wage increases. Our findings highlight the “law of unintended consequences” in that their effects are often “undone” or offset by subtle adjustments such as reductions in fringe benefits and in overtime work and overtime pay premiums that are otherwise valued by employees. Employees often feel that they are no better off in spite of minimum wage increases because of these offsetting adjustments. This study also suggests possible reasons for the small or zero effect of minimum wage on employment in China. Lack of enforcement may be one of the reasons, but the employees we interviewed seem well aware of the legal minimum wage and employers do not want to get involved in disputes over this matter. For employers who would otherwise be affected by the minimum wage increase, the cost increase is mitigated by the offsetting adjustments. As a result, minimum wages do not seem to weaken the competitive position of employers in China.

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The Development of Social Insurance and Minimum Wage Legislation in Great Britain: A Study of British Social Legislation in Relation to a Minimum Standard of Living. Helen Fisher Hohman

Journal of Political Economy ◽

10.1086/254702 ◽

1934 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 815-816

Author(s):

Robert M. Woodbury

Keyword(s):

Great Britain ◽

Minimum Wage ◽

Social Insurance ◽

Standard Of Living ◽

Minimum Standard ◽

Minimum Wage Legislation

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Marginal assessment of the cost and benefits of aphasia treatment: Evidence from community-based telerehabilitation treatment for aphasia

Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare ◽

10.1177/1357633x20982773 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1357633X2098277

Author(s):

Molly Jacobs ◽

Patrick M Briley ◽

Heather Harris Wright ◽

Charles Ellis

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Economies Of Scale ◽

Reference Group ◽

Unit Cost ◽

Community Based ◽

Face To Face ◽

Conduction Aphasia ◽

Aphasia Treatment ◽

The Cost ◽

The Relationship

Introduction Few studies have reported information related to the cost-effectiveness of traditional face-to-face treatments for aphasia. The emergence and demand for telepractice approaches to aphasia treatment has resulted in an urgent need to understand the costs and cost-benefits of this approach. Methods Eighteen stroke survivors with aphasia completed community-based aphasia telerehabilitation treatment, utilizing the Language-Oriented Treatment (LOT) delivered via Webex videoconferencing program. Marginal benefits to treatment were calculated as the change in Western Aphasia Battery-Revised (WAB-R) score pre- and post-treatment and marginal cost of treatment was calculated as the relationship between change in WAB-R aphasia quotient (AQ) and the average cost per treatment. Controlling for demographic variables, Bayesian estimation evaluated the primary contributors to WAB-R change and assessed cost-effectiveness of treatment by aphasia type. Results Thirteen out of 18 participants experienced significant improvement in WAB-R AQ following telerehabilitation delivered therapy. Compared to anomic aphasia (reference group), those with conduction aphasia had relatively similar levels of improvement whereas those with Broca’s aphasia had smaller improvement. Those with global aphasia had the largest improvement. Each one-point of improvement cost between US$89 and US$864 for those who improved (mean = US$200) depending on aphasia type/severity. Discussion Individuals with severe aphasia may have the greatest gains per unit cost from treatment. Both improvement magnitude and the cost per unit of improvement were driven by aphasia type, severity and race. Economies of scale to aphasia treatment–cost may be minimized by treating a variety of types of aphasia at various levels of severity.

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Economic Analysis of the Use of VCS2000 for Pork Carcass Meat Yield Grading in Korea

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11051297 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1297

Author(s):

Juntae Kim ◽

Hyo-Dong Han ◽

Wang Yeol Lee ◽

Collins Wakholi ◽

Jayoung Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Net Present Value ◽

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Benefit Analysis ◽

Labor Costs ◽

Meat Yield ◽

The Cost

Currently, the pork industry is incorporating in-line automation with the aim of increasing the slaughtered pork carcass throughput while monitoring quality and safety. In Korea, 21 parameters (such as back-fat thickness and carcass weight) are used for quality grading of pork carcasses. Recently, the VCS2000 system—an automatic meat yield grading machine system—was introduced to enhance grading efficiency and therefore increase pork carcass production. The VCS2000 system is able to predict pork carcass yield based on image analysis. This study also conducted an economic analysis of the system using a cost—benefit analysis. The subsection items of the cost-benefit analysis considered were net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit/cost ratio (BC ratio), and each method was verified through sensitivity analysis. For our analysis, the benefits were grouped into three categories: the benefits of reducing labor costs, the benefits of improving meat yield production, and the benefits of reducing pig feed consumption through optimization. The cost-benefit analysis of the system resulted in an NPV of approximately 615.6 million Korean won, an IRR of 13.52%, and a B/C ratio of 1.65.

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Economic Evaluation of a Ninngen-Dokku (Medical Checkup)

Methods of Information in Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1634921 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 32 (03) ◽

pp. 199-202

Author(s):

T. Shimizu ◽

T. Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Economic Evaluation ◽

Economic Analysis ◽

Medical Treatment ◽

Medical Checkup ◽

Dry Dock ◽

The Cost ◽

Mass Health ◽

Medical Judgment

Abstract:An economic evaluation of a medical checkup center (Ninngendokku, “human dry dock”) was conducted from two perspectives: the cost for cancer checkup, and the cost for medical treatment after a diagnosis was obtained. We studied the cost of diagnosing cancer, compared with the cost required when cancer of an individual organ was detected through mass health testing, and studied the economics of a Ninngendokku according to Kawai’s method of medical judgment. Assuming that the cost of death is more than the cost of saving the lives of persons who undergo the Ninngen-dokku, the Ninngen-dokku will be affordable. In the group undergoing the Ninngen-dokku compared with the group which did not, the estimated cost of medical treatment was reduced. The Ninngendokku carries advantages that cannot be quantified in financial terms; therefore, a multi-layered economic analysis of the Ninngen-dokku was required.

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