Metaphilosophical metamorphoses of analytic philosophy of language

Semiotica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Szubka
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
First Century ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Current State ◽  
First Philosophy ◽  
New Millennium

Abstract The paper begins with an account of the emergence of analytic philosophy of language in the twentieth century in the context of the development of logic and the linguistic turn. Subsequently, it describes two examples of analytic philosophy of language in its heyday when the discipline was conceived as first philosophy. Finally, it provides, by way of conclusion, a succinct outline of the current state of philosophy of language, marked by modesty and fragmentation. It is claimed that even if one retains optimism about the prospects of philosophy of language in the first century of the new millennium, it would be unreasonable to disagree with the opinion that the present-day philosophy of language is a highly specialized and diversified discipline and no longer so central for philosophical enterprise as it used to be.

Pretense and Presupposition

Aboutness ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Yablo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
First Century ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
Potential Infinity ◽  
Good Guide ◽  
Twenty First Century

A great puzzle of twentieth-century philosophy of language was, how are finite beings able to understand a potential infinity of sentences? The answer is supposed to be that understanding is recursive: infinitely many sentences can be constructed out of finitely many words combined according to finitely many rules; we understand a sentence by understanding the words in it and knowing the relevant rules. A great puzzle of twenty-first-century philosophy of language is shaping up to be this: how do we reconcile the solution to the previous puzzle with what sentences actually strike us as saying? It's a puzzle because S's compositionally determined meaning is not always a very good guide to what S intuitively says, or to its contribution to what is said by sentences in which S is embedded. This chapter focuses on the more radical case where a sentence says something its meaning positively disallows, such as the case where a sentence's real content is not a possible semantic content.

Personhood in Twentieth- and Twenty-First-Century Anglophone Philosophy

Persons ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 263-300
Author(s):  
Aaron Preston
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Moral Life ◽  
First Century ◽  
Analytic Tradition ◽  
Martin Luther King ◽  
Century Thought

This chapter surveys the respective influences of personalism and of analytic philosophy on twentieth-century thought about persons. It shows that personalism promoted a concept of personhood that is supportive of human dignity and conducive to positive moral and social engagement, as exemplified in personalism’s best-known representative, Martin Luther King, Jr. By contrast, the analytic tradition has exhibited a persistent tendency to undermine personhood as King and the personalists understood it, while failing to supply a metaphysically and morally adequate alternative. This unfortunate legacy is worth reversing if possible. With this in mind, I suggest that contemporary analytic philosophy has something important to learn from personalism concerning what counts as an adequate metaphysical basis for human dignity and the moral life.

scholarly journals Twenty-First Century Male Elegance Amongst Elegantly-Dressing Polish Males and Self-Declared “Dandies”

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-92
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Maciejewski ◽  
Dawid Lesznik
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
First Century ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
New Millennium

Abstract Dandyism was a thriving philosophical and social movement amongst elegant men of the nineteenth century. The prevailing conviction in the literature on the subject is that the dandy trend began to gradually disappear in the twentieth century, whereas in the new millennium it essentially no longer exists, or at best exists only as a mere shadow of itself. Herein we report a questionnaire study of elegantly-dressing Polish males regarding their behaviour on the fashion market, seeking to gain an better image of this particular market segment and at the same time to identify the features of contemporary dandies and possible connections with the “metro” style. The results indicate that dandyism (at least in the respondents’ opinion) is still a lively and thriving e-consumer community, which clearly differs in terms of certain features from metrosexualism. However, the modern-day “dandies” cannot easily be considered heirs to the ideals of their nineteenth-century counterparts. Our findings, in particular the characterization of twenty-first-century elegant-dressing men in Poland, may be of use to fashion brands in the broader men’s elegance segment.

Analytic Philosophy in America

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Soames
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Philosophy Of Mathematics ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The Impact

This collection of recent and unpublished essays traces milestones in the field of analytic philosophy from its beginnings in Britain and Germany in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, through its subsequent growth in the United States, up to its present as the world’s most vigorous philosophical tradition. The central chapter chronicles how analytic philosophy developed in the United States out of American pragmatism, the impact of European visitors and immigrants, the mid-century transformation of the Harvard philosophy department, and the rapid spread of the analytic approach that followed. Another chapter explains the methodology guiding analytic philosophy, from the logicism of Frege and Russell through Wittgenstein’s linguistic turn and Carnap’s vision of replacing metaphysics with philosophy of science. Further chapters review advances in logic and the philosophy of mathematics that laid the foundation for a rigorous, scientific study of language, meaning, and information. Other chapters discuss W. V. O. Quine, David K. Lewis, Saul Kripke, the Frege–Russell analysis of quantification, Russell’s attempt to eliminate sets with his “no class theory,” and the Quine–Carnap dispute over meaning and ontology. The book then turns to topics at the frontier of philosophy of language. The final chapters, combining philosophy of language and law, advance a sophisticated originalist theory of interpretation and apply it to U.S. constitutional rulings about due process.

scholarly journals Funding Panels as Declarative Bodies: Meritocracy and Paradoxes of Decision-Making in Modern Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 868-886
Author(s):  
Laura Stark
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
First Century ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
The World ◽  
Democratic Ideals ◽  
Twenty First Century

In the middle of the twentieth century, bureaucratic organizations that aimed to appear democratic began using expert groups as a kind of decision-making technology. I call these groups ‘declarative bodies’ and funding panels are one example. Declarative bodies are distinctive types of groups because they have the power to make things in the world through declaration: their words bring new objects into being. Building on philosophy of language, this article theorizes and explains the unusual structural constraints that members of funding panels labour within by virtue of being part of a declarative body. The article argues that these constraints stem from three democratic ideals: impersonality, objectivity and truth. When put to work through declarative bodies, these democratic ideals create paradoxes that have fundamentally shaped how funding panellists labour together. Further, I argue that organizations use funding panels formally and intentionally to create the appearance that decisions were made by a disembodied actor to sanctify the legitimacy of the organizations’ choices. Declarative bodies, such as funding panels, have actively altered the processes of knowledge-making, the contours of scientific communities and the products of knowledge itself. By the twenty-first century, it can be hard to imagine other acceptable methods of making decision in science, despite growing worries about the unintended, undemocratic outcomes they produce. This article encourages a critical curiosity to imagine new ways of making decisions, to declare new futures and to bring other worlds into being.

scholarly journals Czech bibliology in the twenty-first century — its historical development and current state

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 21-57
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Šícha
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Second World

The assessment of the current state of bibliology in Czechia, i.e. directions of its development and research accomplishments as well as staff training, is impossible without a historical overview of the evolution of bibliology as a more or less independent scholarly discipline. A study has recently been devoted to the subject, but only for the period until the beginning of the Second World War. That is why the author of the article, drawing on the literature on the subject, internet sources and information obtained from the staff of relevant research institutions, focuses first of all on the second half of the twentieth century, i.e. the role and accomplishments of the most important figures involved in the development of the discipline, the position of bibliology in the higher education system at the time as well as the changes which occurred in it in connection with the political breakthrough of 1989 and the emergence of computerised systems towards the end of the twentieth century. A substantial part of the article is devoted to the events from the last two decades. The author notes the rather difficult situation of the discipline at the turn of the millennium as well as attempts to rebuild it, manifested primarily in its restoration to the curriculum in the 2007/2008 academic year, increasingly successful eff orts of libraries and museums (“institutions of memory”) to obtain funds for scholarly activities, and attempts to formulate a concept of further development of the discipline. In the conclusion the author refl ects on the prospects for the development of bibliology in the nearest future, as well as measures that may lead to is further evolution and revival in broad research into the history of book culture in Czechia.

Analytic Philosophy in America

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Soames
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
William James ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Normative Theory ◽  
Saul Kripke ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Philosophical Debates

This chapter traces the development of analytic philosophy in the United States, starting with the pragmatism of Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and (later) Clarence Irving Lewis, and continuing through the great immigration of philosophers of science, philosophical logicians, and logical positivists from the turn of the twentieth century to the outbreak of World War II. It also provides broad-brush overviews of some of the most important philosophical debates that occupied American analytic philosophers during the last half of the twentieth century, including the Quine–Carnap debate about meaning and analyticity, the struggle over modality, the rise of philosophical logic and its application to the study of natural language, the Davidsonian program, Saul Kripke and the end of the linguistic turn, John Rawls and the resuscitation of normative theory, and a smattering of other, more specialized topics.

scholarly journals Ricœur’s Own Linguistic Turn

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
David Pellauer
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Paul Ricoeur ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Paul Ricœur ◽  
Il Y A

 AbstractI want to discuss why it makes sense to speak of a linguistic turn in the philosophy of Paul Ricœur. He early on had said that “the word is my kingdom and I am not ashamed of it” without, at that time, spelling out just what this claim meant as regards a broader philosophy of language. Nor would he have had any difficulty in admitting that his attitude toward language and questions about language changed over time.Keywords : Analytic Philosophy, Linguistic Turn. RésuméJe souhaite discuter pourquoi il y a un sens à parler de tournant linguistique dans la philosophie de Paul Ricœur. Il avait dit dès le début de son travail “la parole est mon royaume et je n'en ai point honte,” sans, à ce moment-là, spécifier ce que cette affirmation signifie au regard d'une philosophie du langage. Et il n'aurait pas eu de difficulté à admettre que son attitude envers le langage et les questions sur le langage a changé au fil du temps.Mots-clés: Philosophie analytique, Tournant linguistique.

Philosophy of Language in the Twentieth Century

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Richard Rorty ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Primary Resource ◽  
Clear Signal

During the first half of the twentieth century philosophy took a ‘linguistic turn’. (The phrase, which comes from Gustav Bergmann, was made famous by Richard Rorty as the title of an anthology of papers in which this development is set out and assessed.) The first clear signal of this development was Ludwig Wittgenstein's remark in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921) that ‘All philosophy is “Critique of Language”‘ and this work by Wittgenstein (which is discussed in this article) remains a classic presentation of the thesis that philosophy can only be undertaken through the critical study of language. Thus during the twentieth century philosophical approaches to language, the kinds of theorizing now known as ‘philosophy of language’, have been developed in a context in which language has been taken to be a primary resource for philosophy, and as a result there has been a two-way relationship in which conceptions of language and of philosophy have been developed together.

The Russian Language at the Turn of the Century: Semantic Capability and Development Prospects

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 150-169
Author(s):  
Svetlana N. Perevolochanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
First Century ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Current State ◽  
Linguistic Sign ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
The Russian Language

The article considers the current state of the Russian language. Information technologies in the twenty first century present diverse forms of linguistic knowledge and modalities of knowledge quantisation in a linguistic sign. The Russian language develops from a standard, direct expression of thoughts to a nonstandard, psychologically complex, associative deep statement of thoughts. In the early nineteenth century, during the democratisation of the Russian language, a national genius, Alexander Pushkin, emerged. Thanks to him, the unique informational, cultural, and artistic evolution of the language took place. Nowadays, while democratisation and globalisation, processes which resemble the language evolution 200 years ago, are occurring. These processes suggest some patterns: overcoming stylistic disparity, changes in linguistic sign boundaries and semantic extension.

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