scholarly journals An Evaluation of Selection for Volume Growth in Loblolly Pine

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Sherrill ◽  
T. J. Mullin ◽  
B. P. Bullock ◽  
S. E. Mckeand ◽  
R. C. Purnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stem Taper ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Volume Estimates

Abstract Total inside-bark volume is the most important selection criterion for productivity in tree breeding programs in the Southeastern U.S. Tree breeders typically estimate total inside-bark volume based on outside-bark diameter at breast height and total height without accounting for stem taper or bark thickness. To make a direct determination of total inside- and outside-bark volume, a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) open-pollinated family trial replicated with cultural treatments of weed control and fertilization was measured. This direct measurement was compared to typical volume estimates. In this trial, approximately 40 individuals from each of 25 open-pollinated first- and second-generation families were destructively sampled in the 13th growing season. Selection for volume using a combined-variable (diameter2 * height) equation was found to be highly effective for making volume gain. There was a high correlation between estimated and directly-measured total inside-bark volumes (0.99). Bark thickness and stem taper had low importance for stem volume selection. There was a positive genetic correlation between bark thickness and diameter at breast height (0.66). This indicates that selection for larger diameters may produce individuals with thicker bark, which may eventually affect total inside-bark volume estimates.

Testing loblolly pine wind firmness with simulated wind stress

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1760-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Fredericksen ◽  
R.L. Hedden ◽  
S.A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wind Stress ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Cable System ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stem Taper ◽  
Simulated Wind

The forces and mechanics related to the wind firmness of 30-year-old loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) trees were tested by toppling them with a winch and cable system. The ability of trees to resist toppling, expressed as the critical turning moment, was determined by measuring the force exerted by the winch and the height on the tree where the center of force was exerted. Critical turning moments were closely and positively related to stem taper (R2 = 0.91) and various measures of tree size, including tree weight (R2 = 0.96), stem volume (R2 = 0.94), and cubic diameter at breast height (R2 = 0.93). The flexibility of tree stems, measured by the angle of stem deflection during tree pulling, was negatively related to tree size. Measures of center of gravity, crown:stem ratio, and stem moisture content were not significantly related to critical turning moment. Soil moisture content was only weakly significant and negatively related to critical turning moment. With few exceptions, trees subjected to simulated wind stress treatment resembled southern pines subjected to natural acute wind stress. In both cases, root systems were rarely damaged and stem failure occurred instead of uprooting. However, pulled trees tended to break lower on the stem than wind-broken trees.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Wood Yield Selection Index in a Clonal Trial of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) in Northeastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4167
Author(s):  
David Kombi Kaviriri ◽  
Huan-Zhen Liu ◽  
Xi-Yang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Clonal Trial

In order to determine suitable traits for selecting high-wood-yield Korean pine materials, eleven morphological characteristics (tree height, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, stem straightness degree, crown breadth, crown height, branch angle, branch number per node, bark thickness, and stem volume) were investigated in a 38-year-old Korean pine clonal trial at Naozhi orchard. A statistical approach combining variance and regression analysis was used to extract appropriate traits for selecting elite clones. Results of variance analysis showed significant difference in variance sources in most of the traits, except for the stem straightness degree, which had a p-value of 0.94. Moderate to high coefficients of variation and clonal repeatability ranged from 10.73% to 35.45% and from 0.06% to 0.78%, respectively. Strong significant correlations on the phenotypic and genotypic levels were observed between the straightness traits and tree volume, but crown breadth was weakly correlated to the volume. Four principal components retaining up to 80% of the total variation were extracted, and stem volume, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, tree height, and crown height displayed high correlation to these components (r ranged from 0.76 to 0.98). Based on the Type III sum of squares, tree height, diameter at breast height, and branch number showed significant information to explain the clonal variability based on stem volume. Using the extracted characteristics as the selection index, six clones (PK105, PK59, PK104, PK36, PK28, and K101) displayed the highest Qi values, with a selection rate of 5% corresponding to the genetic gain of 42.96% in stem volume. This study provides beneficial information for the selection of multiple traits for genetically improved genotypes of Korean pine.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Relative Stem Taper Curves Estimated Only from Tree Height and Diameter at Breast Height:

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Ishida ◽  
Satoshi Naoi ◽  
Yasumasa Watanabe ◽  
Akinori Tsuzuku ◽  
Masaya Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stem Taper

Cubic-Foot Volume of Loblolly Pine to Any Merchantable Top Limit

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold E. Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Simple Equations ◽  
Volume Estimates ◽  
Volume Equations

Abstract Foresters commonly wish to predict tree volume for various top diameters. However, tree volume equations are generally restricted to specific top limits. Further, volume equations for various top limits often cross illogically. This study was conducted with the objective of developing logically related cubic-foot volume estimates for any desired top diameter limit. The approach taken was to predict total stem volume and to convert total volume to merchantable volumes by applying predicted ratios. Results reported here enable users to employ relatively simple equations to obtain cubic-foot volume to any top diameter limit. Volume between any two specified diameters on the stem can be obtained by subtraction.

scholarly journals WOOD VOLUMETRY OF Tachigali vulgaris PURE PLANTATIONS IN DIFFERENT PLANTING SPACINGS

FLORESTA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 990
Author(s):  
Larissa De Oliveira Ramos ◽  
Rodrigo Otávio Veiga de Miranda ◽  
Alvaro Augusto Vieira Soares ◽  
Thiago De Paula Protásio ◽  
Delman De Almeida Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Maximum Percentage ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Volumetric Models ◽  
Volumetric Model ◽  
Identity Test ◽  
Volume Estimates ◽  
Production Accuracy

The aim of this study was to develop volumetric equations for tachi-branco trees (Tachigali vulgaris L. G. Silva & H. C. Lima), by assessing the effect of initial planting spacing in volume estimates, as well as developing an equation to estimate the equivalent diameter (deq). Data are from an experiment located in north Pará. The experiment was conducted with the randomized blocks design, being three blocks with six treatments each. The most used volumetric models were assessed for two distinct situations: considering each trunk as a tree and using the tree deq as independent variables in the volumetric model. The need for individual equations for initial planting spacing was tested. In addition, an equation for deq estimate was proposed. The use of deq provided more precise and accurate volumetric estimates regarding diameter at breast height. Among the models tested, the Schumacher-Hall model was selected. Through the model identity test, the equation  can be used to estimate tree volume of Tachigali vulgaris, regardless of planting spacing. The equivalent diameter can be estimated via equation from minimum and maximum diameters of tree trunks. The maximum percentage differences of volume by hectare obtained with the measurement of all trunks and deq were only 5% without loss in production accuracy per unit of area

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF PRODUCTIVITY AND PRIME COST OF LOGSET 5HP GT HARVESTER IN THINNING

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guna PETAJA ◽  
Aldis BUTLERS ◽  
Modris OKMANIS ◽  
Agris ZIMELIS
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Prime Cost ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Work Hour ◽  
Increase Production Cost

Productivity of a harvester significantly affects costs of mechanized felling, which in turn determines, if commercial thinning will be profitable. The objective of this study is to estimate productivity and prime cost of Logset 5HP GT harvester with increased boom length (11 m), equipped with the TH45 felling head, in thinning. Trials are conducted in Latvia, eastern Vidzeme, in coniferous stands. To evaluate productivity of Logset 5HP GT, a time study was carried out. Influence of small trees (diameter at breast height < 8 cm) on productivity and harvesting cost was also determined. During the trials 2379 trees are harvested with the total stem volume of 400 m3. The diameter at breast height of an average harvested tree is 14 cm and volume of a stem – 0.171 m3. Duration of time study is 33.5 h. Obtained productivity rates of Logset 5HP GT are compared with those of John Deere 1070 D harvester. According to the study results average productivity of Logset 5HP GT harvester in thinning of coniferous stands is 13.85 m3 per productive work hour. Prime cost of harvesting of the Logset 5HP GT in thinning is 8.02 € m-3. Increased boom length allows to decrease the total time spent for driving in a stand by 71%. Harvesting of small trees reduces productivity by 6.9% and increase production cost by 2.1% in the experimental stands. Difference between productivity of Logset 5HP GT and John Deere 1070 D in similar conditions is statistically insignificant.

scholarly journals Linear Regression Model to Identify the Factors Associated with Carbon Stock in Chure Forest of Nepal

Scientifica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ira Sharma ◽  
Sampurna Kakchapati
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Breast Height

Use of woody plants for greenhouse gas mitigation has led to the demand for rapid cost-effective estimation of forest carbon stock and related factors. This study aims to assess the factors associated with carbon stock in Chure forest of Nepal. The data were obtained from Department of Forest Research and Survey (DFRS) of Nepal. A multiple linear regression model and then sum contrasts were used to observe the association between variables such as stem volume, diameter at breast height, altitude, districts, number of trees per plot, and ownership of the forest. 95% confidence interval (CI) plots were drawn for comparing the adjusted carbon stocks with each of the factors and with the overall carbon stock. The linear regression showed a good fit of the model (adjusted R2 = 83.75%) with the results that the stem volume (sv), diameter at breast height (dbh), and the number of trees per plot showed statistically significant (p value ≤ 0.05) positive association with carbon stock. The highest carbon stock was associated with sv more than 199 m3/ha, average dbh more than 43.3 cm/plot, and number of trees more than 20/plot, whereas the altitude, geographical location, and ownership had no statistical associations at all. The results can be of use to the government for enhancing carbon stock in Chure that supports both natural resource conservation and United Nations-Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation program to mitigate carbon emission issues.

Crown and basal area relationships of open-grown southern pines for modeling competition and growth

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R. Smith ◽  
R.M. Farrar Jr. ◽  
P.A. Murphy ◽  
J.L. Yeiser ◽  
R.S. Meldahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth

Data were collected on open-grown loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.), longleaf pine (Pinuspalustris Mill.), and shortleaf pine (Pinusechinata Mill.) and analyzed to provide predictive equations of crown width and maximum potential basal area growth for crown competition and growth and yield models. The measurements were taken on 115 open-grown loblolly pine trees and 76 shortleaf pines in southeastern Arkansas. The longleaf pine data consisted of 81 open-grown trees from southern Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. A circle and an ellipse were tested as geometric models of the vertically projected crown. No significant differences between the tree shapes were found based on analyses of length and azimuth of the largest crown diameter, and the circle was chosen as an appropriate model. This indicated that only the distance between trees, not their orientation to one another, need be included in models of crown competition based on crown contact. Predictive equations of mean crown width based on diameter at breast height were fitted for each species for use in models of crown competition. A Chapman–Richards growth rate function with an intercept term was fit to periodic annual inside-bark basal area growth based on initial inside-bark basal area to provide empirical estimates of maximum basal area growth rates for growth and yield modeling of the given species. Additionally, equations to predict double bark thickness as a function of diameter at breast height were fit for each species to facilitate the use of the equations with outside-bark measurements of diameter.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document