Frequency and mode measurement techniques for megawatt-class gyrotrons

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Ruess ◽  
Gerd Gantenbein ◽  
Zisis Ioannidis ◽  
Tomasz Rzesnicki ◽  
Dietmar Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Optical Mode ◽  
Output Window ◽  
Frequency Limit ◽  
Excited Mode ◽  
Rf Measurement ◽  
Output System ◽  
Very High

Abstract State-of-the-art vacuum electron tubes such as gyrotrons, deliver RF output powers up to more than 2 MW at frequencies up to 170 GHz. In terms of the very high power levels, a proper verification of the gyrotron components itself and measurements during gyrotron operation are vital to prevent possible fatal errors. Several basic RF measurement setups, which are used at IHM/KIT, are discussed. Currently, their upper frequency limit is 175 GHz. In terms of future gyrotron operation above 200 GHz, upgrades of the measurement setups for operation up to 260–330 GHz are prepared. The experimental devices discussed herein are a quasi-optical mode generator for the verification of the quasi-optical gyrotron output system, the window measurement test stand to verify the ceramic gyrotron output window and the frequency diagnostic system to measure the operating frequency and thereby the excited mode.

scholarly journals High-resolution signal-in-space measurements of VHF omnidirectional ranges using UAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Schrader ◽  
Jochen Bredemeyer ◽  
Marius Mihalachi ◽  
David Ulm ◽  
Thomas Kleine-Ostmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Signal Integrity ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Precise Position ◽  
Rf Measurement ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
True Signal ◽  
Very High

Abstract. In this paper, we describe measurement results of the signal-in-space of very high frequency (VHF) omnidirectional range (VOR) facilities. In aviation VOR are used to display the current course of the aircraft in the cockpit. To understand the influence of wind turbines (WT) on the signal integrity of terrestrial navigation and radar signals, the signal content and its changes, respectively, must be investigated. So far, only numerical simulations have been carried out on the frequency-modulation (FM) part of the Doppler-VOR (DVOR) signal to estimate the influence of WT on DVOR. Up to now, the amplitude-modulated (AM) part of the DVOR was not assessed at all. In 2016, we presented an unmanned aerial system (UAS) as a carrier for state-of-the-art radio-frequency (RF) measurement instrumentation (Schrader et al., 2016a, c; Bredemeyer et al., 2016), to measure and to record the true signal-in-space (both FM and AM signal) during the flight. The signal-in-space (which refers to time-resolved signal content and field strength, respectively) is measured and sampled without loss of information and, furthermore, synchronously stored with time stamp and with precise position in space, where the measurements were taken.

scholarly journals Nuclear mass measurements with radioactive ion beams

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 1930005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Famiano
Keyword(s):  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Nuclear Mass ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Nuclear Masses ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Very High ◽  
Practical Constraints

Nuclear masses are the most fundamental of all nuclear properties, yet they can provide a wealth of knowledge, including information on astrophysical sites, constraints on existing theory, and fundamental symmetries. In nearly all applications, it is necessary to measure nuclear masses with very high precision. As mass measurements push to more short-lived and more massive nuclei, the practical constraints on mass measurement techniques become more exacting. Various techniques used to measure nuclear masses, including their advantages and disadvantages are described. Descriptions of some of the world facilities at which the nuclear mass measurements are performed are given, and brief summaries of planned facilities are presented. Future directions are mentioned, and conclusions are presented which provide a possible outlook and emphasis on upcoming plans for nuclear mass measurements at existing facilities, those under construction, and those being planned.

Automated Anthropometric Measuring Devices for Use in Mass-Screening

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (38) ◽  
pp. 719-722
Author(s):  
William F. Moroney
Keyword(s):  
Mass Screening ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
The State ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
Electro Magnetic

The purpose of this paper is to describe the state of the art in anthropometric measuring devices used for mass screening. In addition, technologies which could be used for automated mass screening are identified and described. A review of the literature identified only two operational anthropometric measurement devices currently used for mass screening. A variety of potentially applicable measurement techniques including acoustic, light, electro-magnetic, potentiometric/electro-optical (including digitizing arms) technologies were identified and described. Data describing the capabilities and limitations of these systems are also provided.

scholarly journals Overview: Tropospheric profiling: state of the art and future challenges – introduction to the AMT special issue

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 2981-2986 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cimini ◽  
V. Rizi ◽  
P. Di Girolamo ◽  
F. S. Marzano ◽  
A. Macke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Symposium ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Atmospheric Measurement

Abstract. This paper introduces the Atmospheric Measurement Techniques special issue on tropospheric profiling, which was conceived to host full papers presenting the results shown at the 9th International Symposium on Tropospheric Profiling (ISTP9). ISTP9 was held in L'Aquila (Italy) from 3 to 7 September 2012, bringing together 150 scientists representing of 28 countries and 3 continents. The tropospheric profiling special issue collects the highlights of ISTP9, reporting recent advances and future challenges in research and technology development.

scholarly journals In-House Developed Kr Estimator: Implemented to Analyze the Sensitivity of Relative Permeability Data to Variations in Wetting Phase Saturation

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khurram Zahoor
Keyword(s):  
Porous Medium ◽  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Relative Permeability ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Phase Saturation ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
Relative Permeability Curves ◽  
Very High

Reservoir surveillance always requires fast, unproblematic access and solution to different relative permeability models which have been developed from time to time. In addition, complex models sometimes require in-depth knowledge of mathematics for solution prior to use them for data generation. For this purpose, in-house software has been designed to generate rigorous relative permeability curves, with a provision to include users own relative permeability models, a part from built-in various relative permeability correlations. The developed software with state-of-the-art algorithms has been used to analyze the effect of variations in residual and maximum wetting phase saturation on relative permeability curves for a porous medium having very high non-uniformity in pore size distribution. To further increase the spectrum of the study, two relative permeability models, i.e., Pirson's correlation and Brooks and Corey model has been used and the obtained results show that the later model is more sensitive to such variations.

A GLANCE BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL: LATEST RESULTS FROM THE MEG EXPERIMENT

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1460390
Author(s):  
SIMEONE DUSSONI
Keyword(s):  
Beyond Standard Model ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Branching Ratio ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Very High

The MEG experiment started taking data in 2009 looking for the Standard Model suppressed decay μ → e + γ, which, if observed, can reveal Beyond Standard Model physics. It makes use of state-of-the art detectors optimized for operating in conditions of very high intensity, rejecting as much background as possible. The data taking ended August 2013 and an upgrade R&D is started to push the experimental sensitivity. The present upper limit on the decay Branching Ratio (BR) is presented, obtained with the subset of data from 2009 to 2011 run, together with a description of the key features of the upgraded detector.

scholarly journals DispHred: A Server to Predict pH-Dependent Order–Disorder Transitions in Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Santos ◽  
Valentín Iglesias ◽  
Carlos Pintado ◽  
Juan Santos-Suárez ◽  
Salvador Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
Protein Disorder ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Linear Boundary Condition ◽  
Natively Unfolded ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Very High

The natively unfolded nature of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) relies on several physicochemical principles, of which the balance between a low sequence hydrophobicity and a high net charge appears to be critical. Under this premise, it is well-known that disordered proteins populate a defined region of the charge–hydropathy (C–H) space and that a linear boundary condition is sufficient to distinguish between folded and disordered proteins, an approach widely applied for the prediction of protein disorder. Nevertheless, it is evident that the C–H relation of a protein is not unalterable but can be modulated by factors extrinsic to its sequence. Here, we applied a C–H-based analysis to develop a computational approach that evaluates sequence disorder as a function of pH, assuming that both protein net charge and hydrophobicity are dependent on pH solution. On that basis, we developed DispHred, the first pH-dependent predictor of protein disorder. Despite its simplicity, DispHred displays very high accuracy in identifying pH-induced order/disorder protein transitions. DispHred might be useful for diverse applications, from the analysis of conditionally disordered segments to the synthetic design of disorder tags for biotechnological applications. Importantly, since many disorder predictors use hydrophobicity as an input, the here developed framework can be implemented in other state-of-the-art algorithms.

scholarly journals On Residual Stress Development, Prevention, and Compensation in Metal Additive Manufacturing

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Carpenter ◽  
Ali Tabei
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Quality Inspection ◽  
Metal Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
Metal Additive

One of the most appealing qualities of additive manufacturing (AM) is the ability to produce complex geometries faster than most traditional methods. The trade-off for this advantage is that AM parts are extremely vulnerable to residual stresses (RSs), which may lead to geometrical distortions and quality inspection failures. Additionally, tensile RSs negatively impact the fatigue life and other mechanical performance characteristics of the parts in service. Therefore, in order for AM to cross the borders of prototyping toward a viable manufacturing process, the major challenge of RS development must be addressed. Different AM technologies contain many unique features and parameters, which influence the temperature gradients in the part and lead to development of RSs. The stresses formed in AM parts are typically observed to be compressive in the center of the part and tensile on the top layers. To mitigate these stresses, process parameters must be optimized, which requires exhaustive and costly experimentations. Alternative to experiments, holistic computational frameworks which can capture much of the physics while balancing computational costs are introduced for rapid and inexpensive investigation into development and prevention of RSs in AM. In this review, the focus is on metal additive manufacturing, referred to simply as “AM”, and, after a brief introduction to various AM technologies and thermoelastic mechanics, prior works on sources of RSs in AM are discussed. Furthermore, the state-of-the-art knowledge on RS measurement techniques, the influence of AM process parameters, current modeling approaches, and distortion prevention approaches are reported.

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