Hesperidin and eugenol attenuate cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity via regulation of oxidative stress, Bax/Bcl2 and cleaved caspase 3 expression
AbstractObjectivesCadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that induces nephrotoxicity through stimulating the oxidative stress in kidney cells. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of hesperidin and eugenol on Cd-induced nephrotoxicity and their impact on modulating oxidative stress, Bax/Bcl2 ratio and cleaved caspase 3 level.MethodsMale Wistar rats were divided into: Normal group; Cd-treated group; hesperidin & Cd-treated group and eugenol & Cd-treated group. Rats received CdCl2 (5 mg/kg body weight/daily) via oral gavage for four weeks to induce kidney toxicity.ResultsThe results showed that, both hesperidin & Cd and eugenol & Cd- treated groups exhibited lower serum creatinine and urea levels as well as better kidney tissue integrity compared to the Cd-treated group. Moreover, they could preserve the cellular antioxidants to normal levels as was seen in a significantly lower malondialdehyde content, but significantly higher catalase and superoxide dismutase activities compared to the Cd-treated group. Furthermore, both groups significantly decreased the Cd-induced elevation in Bax/Bcl2 ratio and cleaved caspase 3 level.ConclusionAdministration of hesperidin or eugenol effectively protected from the structural and functional kidney damage induced by Cd exposure via antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects.