scholarly journals Das Präteritum im Alemannischen Südwestdeutschlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Leonhard
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Language Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Terminal Point ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Semantic Value

Zusammenfassung This paper analyses the increase in the use of the preterite in spoken Alemannic in south-western Germany. There are almost no recent studies that explore the preterite in Upper German because of the widespread hypothesis that there is no preterite in Upper German (except for the verb sein ‘to be’) due to the loss of the preterite in Upper German (Oberdeutscher Präteritumschwund). In contrast to this, I account for a language change in the timespan from 1974 to 2013 in which the preterite becomes more frequent in relation to the perfect and is now part of the spoken Alemannic in south-western Germany. To account for this, I use a combination of a real time and an apparent time analysis. Additionally, all verbs forming a preterite have a specific semantic value, i. e. an inherent meaning of state. This means they are durative (=the situation lasts for a certain period of time), atelic (=the situation has no terminal point at which the situation is complete) and non-dynamic (=the situation involves no change). Perfect forms on the other hand do not have this specific semantic value.

Isoglosses and language change: Evidence of the rise and loss of isoglosses from a comparison of early Greek and early English

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-575
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Lavidas
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Considerable Distance ◽  
Causative Constructions ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Structural Ambiguity ◽  
Early English ◽  
Aspectual Verbs

Abstract We analyze the rise and loss of isoglosses in two Indo-European languages, early Greek and early English, which, however, show considerable distance between their structures in many other domains. We follow Keidan’s approach (2013), that has drawn the attention on the fact that the study of isoglosses (i.e., linguistic features common to two or more languages) is connected with common innovations of particular languages after the split into sub-groups of Indo-European: this type of approach aims at collecting isoglosses that appear across the branches of Indo-European. We examine the rise of the isogloss of labile verbs and the loss of the isogloss of the two classes of aspectual verbs in early Greek and early English. Our study shows that the rise of labile verbs in both languages is related to the innovative use of intransitives in causative constructions. On the other hand, the innovations in voice morphology follow different directions in Greek and English and are unrelated to the rise of labile verbs. In contrast to labile verbs, which are still predominant for causative-anticausative constructions in both languages, the two classes of aspectual verbs are lost in the later stages of Greek but are predominant even in Present-day English. Again, a “prerequisite” change for the isogloss can be easily located in a structural ambiguity that is relevant for aspectual verbs in early Greek and early English. However, another independent development, the changes in verbal complementation (the development of infinitival and participial complements) in Greek and English, determined the loss of this isogloss.

Minimal Size of Counters for (Real-Time) Multicounter Automata

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 99-127
Author(s):  
Viliam Geffert ◽  
Zuzana Bednárová
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Real Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binary Representation ◽  
Minimal Size ◽  
Nondeterministic Automaton ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Weak Space ◽  
Fixed Constant

We show that, for automata using a finite number of counters, the minimal space that is required for accepting a nonregular language is (log n)ɛ. This is required for weak space bounds on the size of their counters, for real-time and one-way, and for nondeterministic and alternating versions of these automata. The same holds for two-way automata, independent of whether they work with strong or weak space bounds, and of whether they are deterministic, nondeterministic, or alternating. (Here ɛ denotes an arbitrarily small—but fixed—constant; the “space” refers to the values stored in the counters, rather than to the lengths of their binary representation.) On the other hand, we show that the minimal space required for accepting a nonregular language is nɛ for multicounter automata with strong space bounds, both for real-time and one-way versions, independent of whether they are deterministic, nondeterministic, or alternating, and also for real-time and one-way deterministic multicounter automata with weak space bounds. All these bounds are optimal both for unary and general nonregular languages. However, for automata equipped with only one counter, it was known that one-way nondeterministic automata cannot recognize any unary nonregular languages at all, even if the size of the counter is not restricted, while, with weak space bound log n, we present a real-time nondeterministic automaton recognizing a binary nonregular language here.

Construction of Motion Model of Motion Simulation System of Airport Fire Engine Simulator

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 634-638
Author(s):  
Li Shan Jia ◽  
Li Wen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Motion Simulation ◽  
Motion Model ◽  
Quality Requirement ◽  
Virtual Training ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fire Engine ◽  
Setting Parameters

To the high real-time quality requirement of motion simulation system of airport fire engine simulator, a simulation system with simplified motion model was promoted. The simplified motion model simplifies motion model of vehicle based on application requirement of virtual training of vehicle driving. On one hand, the simplification can reduce calculation amount of simulation, on the other hand, the simplification can make it easier to get parameters of model. Motion simulation system based on simplified motion model of airport fire engine was constructed and experiment was taken. Experiment showed that the motion simulation system has high calculation speed and good fidelity through setting parameters properly.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of AOMDV and AODV in City Scenario With Changeable Traffic Density in VANETS BLSTM With Attention Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Devi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Attention Mechanism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract The survey indicates that VANETs use two vital routing protocols namely AODV and AOMDV. AODV is implemented by providing a single dedicated path between source and receiver and it doesn’t search for the alternate path in the case of an emergency situation. On the other hand, AOMDV is implemented by providing an intermediate participant node to reach the receiver i.e., it provides multipath and unlike AODV, it searches for the alternate path in the case of an emergency situation. Due to this capability, AOMDV finds its application in broad areas of research. In this paper, both the protocols are established and their performances are analyzed in terms of PDR, PLR, E2E, and Throughput. The simulation results are obtained using NS2.34. Using these results, the appropriate protocols can be implemented in real-time for various city environments with changeable traffic density and topography in the established network.

String Generation by Cellular Automata

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-132
Author(s):  
Martin Kutrib ◽  
◽  
Andreas Malcher ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Closure Properties ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

In contrast to many investigations of cellular automata with regard to their ability to accept inputs under certain time constraints, in this paper we are studying cellular automata with regard to their ability to generate strings in real time. Structural properties such as speedup results and closure properties are investigated. On the one hand, constructions for the closure under intersection, reversal and length-preserving homomorphism are presented, whereas on the other hand the nonclosure under union, complementation and arbitrary homomorphism are obtained. Finally, decidability questions such as emptiness, finiteness, equivalence, inclusion, regularity and context-freeness are addressed.

Science with the Australia Telescope (Invited Paper)

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Real Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
New Science ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Compact Array

AbstractThe research now under way with the real-time 275 km Parkes-Tidbinbila interferometer is used as a guide to the initial science to be undertaken with the 319 km Australia Telescope (AT) Long Baseline Array. On the other hand, it is risky to guess at the new science likely to be attempted with the 6 km AT Compact Array at Culgoora; instead the potential that has been built into this array is discussed and a selection of basic questions in astrophysics is posed as a guide to significant science that might yield to new observers on a fresh instrument under the southern skies. In conclusion two questions are probed: Can discoveries be made by users of national facilities? Does the AT cross into new domains in the phase space of observations?

scholarly journals Control a 2-Axis Servomechanism by Gesture Recognition Using a Generic WebCam

10.5772/5803 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. R. S. Tavares ◽  
R. Ferreira ◽  
F. Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Gesture Recognition ◽  
Learning Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Sets ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Control Image

This paper presents two approaches used to control a 2-axis servomechanism by gesture recognition. For both approaches, the adopted control philosophy was: In the system's learning phase, the control images are acquired by a generic webcam and associated to the desired orders. On the other hand, in the working phase, each control image is acquired, by the same webcam and, by comparison with the stored orders images, the desired order is recognized and processed by the servomechanism in quasi real time. In this paper, the used servomechanism and both implemented approaches are described, and are indicated some advantages and weakness of each one. Two examples of images control sets are also presented, and some conclusions and future works are addressed.

Who Needs Semantics of Quotation Marks?

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 27-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yitzhak Benbaji
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Semantic Account ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Semantic Value ◽  
Conventional Implicatures

This paper further develops the semantic approach to quotation marks first presented in Benbaji (2004a) and (2004b). The account defended here is a version of the neo-Davidsonian semantic theory of quotation recently revived by Cappelen & Lepore. I begin by providing two further pieces of evidence in support of a semantic account. I argue, contra Recanati, that quotation marks cannot be “pragmatic indicators”, namely “expressions which have certain conditions of use, and whose use indicates that the conditions in question obtain”. Facts about verb phrase anaphora and about the cancelability of conventional implicatures clearly show, I believe, that quotation marks contribute to what is strictly and minimally said by the sentence in which they appear. On the other hand, I argue, contra Cappelen & Lepore, that the semantics of these markers is not “innocent”. Within some contexts, the semantic value of quotation marks is a component of the proposition expressed by the sentence in which they appear, while within others it is part of the mechanism that determines which proposition is expressed by the sentence given a context.

scholarly journals Real-Time Navigation in Classical Platform Games via Skill Reuse

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dann ◽  
Fabio Zambetta ◽  
John Thangarajah
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Perfect Knowledge ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
High Level

In platform videogames, players are frequently tasked with solving medium-term navigation problems in order to gather items or powerups. Artificial agents must generally obtain some form of direct experience before they can solve such tasks. Experience is gained either through training runs, or by exploiting knowledge of the game's physics to generate detailed simulations. Human players, on the other hand, seem to look ahead in high-level, abstract steps. Motivated by human play, we introduce an approach that leverages not only abstract "skills", but also knowledge of what those skills can and cannot achieve. We apply this approach to Infinite Mario, where despite facing randomly generated, maze-like levels, our agent is capable of deriving complex plans in real-time, without relying on perfect knowledge of the game's physics.

Real-time analysis of diaquat dibromide monohydrate in water with a SERS-based integrated microdroplet sensor

Nanoscale ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. 8781-8786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongke Gao ◽  
Namhyun Choi ◽  
Soo-Ik Chang ◽  
Eun Kyu Lee ◽  
Jaebum Choo
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Segmented Flow ◽  
Integrated Sensor ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Sers Detection

We report an integrated sensor composed of two segmented flow regimes: the first being a microdroplet channel for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and the other being a merging channel between nanoparticles and analytes to allow for SERS detection.

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