scholarly journals Transport Processes in TlI and in the AgI-TlI-System

1974 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 782-785
Author(s):  
A. Sdiiraldi ◽  
A. Magistris ◽  
E. Pezzati
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Ionic Transport ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Silver Ion ◽  
Transport Numbers ◽  
Bond Ionicity ◽  
High Electronic Conductivity ◽  
High Silver

Abstract The transport properties of TlI and of the system AgI -TlI were investigated by measuring the electrical conductivity, σ , and the electronic and ionic transport numbers. A particularly high electronic conductivity was detected in β-TlI, while the a phase showed a predominant anionic contribution, as in TlCl and TlBr. The intermediate compounds, AgTl2I3 and AgTlI2, are silver ion conductors, but they exhibit low σ values. A comparison with other poliiodides, with a high silver ion conductivity, is suggested on the basis of the crystal bond ionicity.

Revisiting the passivation of stainless steels and other passive CRAs

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean- Louis Crolet
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Inorganic Polymers ◽  
Faraday Cage

All that was said so far about passivity and passivation was indeed based on electrochemical prejudgments, and all based on unverified postulates. However, due the authors’ fame and for lack of anything better, the great many contradictions were carefully ignored. However, when resuming from raw experimental facts and the present general knowledge, it now appears that passivation always begins by the precipitation of a metallic hydroxide gel. Therefore, all the protectiveness mechanisms already known for porous corrosion layers apply, so that this outstanding protectiveness is indeed governed by the chemistry of transport processes throughout the entrapped water. For Al type passivation, the base metal ions only have deep and complete electronic shells, which precludes any electronic conductivity. Then protectiveness can only arise from gel thickening and densification. For Fe type passivation, an incomplete shell of superficial 3d electrons allows an early metallic or semimetallic conductivity in the gel skeleton, at the onset of the very first perfectly ordered inorganic polymers (- MII-O-MIII-O-)n. Then all depends on the acquisition, maintenance or loss of a sufficient electrical conductivity in this Faraday cage. But for both types of passive layers, all the known features can be explained by the chemistry of transport processes, with neither exception nor contradiction.

scholarly journals Transport Processes in Dense Stellar Plasmas

1994 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 394-419
Author(s):  
Naoki Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Neutron Stars ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Dense Matter ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Crystalline Lattice ◽  
Metal Phase ◽  
Current Status

AbstractTransport processes in dense stellar plasmas which are relevant to the interiors of white dwarfs and neutron stars are reviewed. The emphasis is placed on the accuracy of the numerical results. In this review we report on the electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity of dense matter. The methods of the calculations are different for the liquid metal phase and the crystalline lattice phase. We will broadly review the current status of the calculations of the transport properties of dense matter, and try to give the best instructions available at the present time to the readers.

scholarly journals Nanocrystallization and Electronic-Conductivity Enhancement in PEDOT:PSS films

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C893-C893
Author(s):  
Akihiko Fujiwara ◽  
Hiroyasu Masunaga ◽  
Hidenori Okuzaki ◽  
Yuta Honma ◽  
Takahiko Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
High Conductivity ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Hydrophobic Core ◽  
Water Dispersion ◽  
Nanometer Size ◽  
High Electronic Conductivity

The conductive organic polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate), abbreviated as PEDOT:PSS, is widely used in capacitors, antistatic coating etc. and one of the potential materials for the next-generation printable electronics. It is because of its excellent dispersibility in water and high electronic conductivity of more than 1,000 S/cm. Although many preceding studies have provided a variety of possible mechanisms of high conductivity, such as charge transfer between PEDOT and residual solvents, there has been no conclusive explanation for the origin of the high conductivity. Here, we report the nanometer-size crystallization of PEDOT inside the hydrophobic core region of PEDOT:PSS in a solid film and enhancement of electronic conductivity caused by the nanometer-size crystal growth of PEDOT. The structure of PEDOT:PSS has been investigated by means of small- and wide-angle X-ray scatterings (SAXS and WAXS) using high brilliance synchrotron radiation light source in SPring-8, Japan. We have obtained the microscopic structural model of PEDOT:PSS micelle in the water dispersion and the solid polymer film (Fig. 1(a)). Nanometer-size crystals of PEDOT were grown during the course of film fabrication in the wet process from the water dispersion. Furthermore, we found that the better crystallinity of the PEDOT crystal in the films prepared in the different conditions resulted in the higher electrical conductivity (Fig. 1(b)). The result suggests that the size of the crystallite is one of the key parameters for the enhancement of the electronic conductivity in PEDOT:PSS films. These findings shed light on the further improvement of the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS polymer films by controlling the evaporation to dryness in the wet fabrication process.

Zircontes/Sulfates Composites: Perfect Combination of High- and Low-Temperature Protonic Conductors

2010 ◽  
Vol 434-435 ◽  
pp. 719-722
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhen Peng ◽  
Rui Song Guo ◽  
Zi Guang Yin ◽  
Juan Li
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Ionic Transport ◽  
Proton Conductors ◽  
Transport Numbers ◽  
Barium Zirconate ◽  
Emf Measurements ◽  
Protonic Conductors

Two typical classes of proton conductors, zirconates and solid acids (such as CsHSO4) or related sulfates, are intensively investigated recently. Based on the different proton-conducting mechanisms of zirconates and sulfates, we designed and fabricated Y2O3-doped barium zirconate/sulfates composites, aiming to make full use of the benefits, and eliminate the drawbacks of the two individual materials. The electrical conduction of the composite was studied by electrical and electrochemical methods. Microstructure of the composites was examined by SEM. Electromotive force (EMF) measurements were conducted under fuel cell conditions. The results indicated that small amount of sulfates was introduced at the grain boundaries of BaZr0.9Y0.1O2.95. The electrical conductivity of the composites was greatly improved and the total ionic transport numbers of the composites are more than 0.9 at 750 °C.

scholarly journals Transport Properties of Film and Bulk Sr0.98Zr0.95Y0.05O3−δ Membranes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelya Khaliullina ◽  
Liliya Dunyushkina ◽  
Alexander Pankratov
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Partial Pressure ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Effective Conductivity ◽  
Ionic Transport ◽  
Transport Numbers ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Solution Deposition ◽  
Bulk Membrane ◽  
The Relationship

In electrode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with a thin electrolyte, the electrolyte performance can be affected by its interaction with the electrode, therefore, it is particularly important to study the charge transport properties of thin electrode-supported electrolytes. The transport numbers of charged species in Ni-cermet supported Sr0.98Zr0.95Y0.05O3−δ (SZY) membranes were studied and compared to those of the bulk membrane. SZY films of 2.5 μm thickness were fabricated by the chemical solution deposition technique. It was shown that the surface layer of the films contained 1.5–2 at.% Ni due to Ni diffusion from the substrate. The Ni-cermet supported 2.5 μm-thick membrane operating in the fuel cell mode was found to possess the effective transport number of oxygen ions of 0.97 at 550 °C, close to that for the bulk SZY membrane (0.99). The high ionic transport numbers indicate that diffusional interaction between SZY films and Ni-cermet supporting electrodes does not entail electrolyte degradation. The relationship between SZY conductivity and oxygen partial pressure was derived from the data on effective conductivity and ionic transport numbers for the membrane operating under two different oxygen partial pressure gradients—in air/argon and air/hydrogen concentration cells.

Defect Chemistry of “BaCuO2” II. Transport Properties and Nature of Defects

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1059-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Chiodelli ◽  
U. Anselmi-Tamburini ◽  
M. Arimondi ◽  
G. Spinolo ◽  
G. Flor
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Charge Transport ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Carrier Mobility ◽  
Transport Number ◽  
Ionic Transport ◽  
Ionic Transport Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Small Polarons ◽  
Cation Ratio

Abstract The charge transport properties of "BaCuO2" with 88:90 (Ba :Cu) cation ratio were characterized by thermopower, electrical conductivity and ionic transport number measurements in a wide range of temperature and oxygen partial pressure conditions. The nature of carriers is always represented by small polarons due to self-trapping of the electronic holes generated by the oxygen non-stoichiometry equilibrium. Some anomalies in carrier mobility as a function of temperature are shown not to be related to incomplete ionization of oxygen atoms on interstitial sites

Viscosity, electrical conductivity and density of the system ammonium nitrate-dimethyl sulphoxide

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115
Author(s):  
Jindřich Novák ◽  
Zdeněk Kodejš ◽  
Ivo Sláma
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphoxide ◽  
Present System ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

The density, viscosity, and electrical conductivity of highly concentrated solutions of ammonium nitrate in dimethyl sulphoxide have been determined over the temperature range 10-60 °C and the concentration range 7-50 mol% of the salt. The variations in the quantities as a function of temperature and concentration have been correlated by empirical equations. A comparison is made between the transport properties for the present system, aqueous solutions of ammonium nitrate, and calcium nitrate solutions in dimethyl sulphoxide.

scholarly journals Pressure-Induced Structural Phase Transition and Metallization in Ga2Se3 up to 40.2 GPa under Non-Hydrostatic and Hydrostatic Environments

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Meiling Hong ◽  
Lidong Dai ◽  
Haiying Hu ◽  
Xinyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Electrical Transport ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Electrical Transport Properties

A series of investigations on the structural, vibrational, and electrical transport characterizations for Ga2Se3 were conducted up to 40.2 GPa under different hydrostatic environments by virtue of Raman scattering, electrical conductivity, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Upon compression, Ga2Se3 underwent a phase transformation from the zinc-blende to NaCl-type structure at 10.6 GPa under non-hydrostatic conditions, which was manifested by the disappearance of an A mode and the noticeable discontinuities in the pressure-dependent Raman full width at half maximum (FWHMs) and electrical conductivity. Further increasing the pressure to 18.8 GPa, the semiconductor-to-metal phase transition occurred in Ga2Se3, which was evidenced by the high-pressure variable-temperature electrical conductivity measurements. However, the higher structural transition pressure point of 13.2 GPa was detected for Ga2Se3 under hydrostatic conditions, which was possibly related to the protective influence of the pressure medium. Upon decompression, the phase transformation and metallization were found to be reversible but existed in the large pressure hysteresis effect under different hydrostatic environments. Systematic research on the high-pressure structural and electrical transport properties for Ga2Se3 would be helpful to further explore the crystal structure evolution and electrical transport properties for other A2B3-type compounds.

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