Feeding Stimulant in Cinnamomum camphora for the Common Bluebottle, Graphium sarpedon nipponum (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Ryu Wakui ◽  
Masanori Horie ◽  
Yoshichika Nishimura ◽  
Yoshihide Nishiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Water Layers ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Feeding Activities ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
The Common

The acceptance of camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) as a host plant for the larvae of common bluebottle (Graphium sarpedon nipponum) was explained by the presence of feeding stimulants in the leaves. When the active methanol extract of C. camphora leaves was separated into hexane and water layers, both layers showed high feeding activities for the larvae of G. sarpedon nipponum. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the hexane layer resulted in the isolation of a highly active compound, which was identified as α-linolenic acid by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

scholarly journals Differential Degradation of Bicyclics with Aromatic and Alicyclic Rings by Rhodococcus sp. Strain DK17

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (23) ◽  
pp. 8280-8287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dockyu Kim ◽  
Miyoun Yoo ◽  
Ki Young Choi ◽  
Beom Sik Kang ◽  
Tai Kyoung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ring Cleavage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aromatic Hydroxylation ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
Differential Degradation ◽  
Unique Ability ◽  
Rhodococcus Sp

ABSTRACTThe metabolically versatileRhodococcussp. strain DK17 is able to grow on tetralin and indan but cannot use their respective desaturated counterparts, 1,2-dihydronaphthalene and indene, as sole carbon and energy sources. Metabolite analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry clearly show that (i) themeta-cleavage dioxygenase mutant strain DK180 accumulates 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2-naphthalene diol, 1,2-indene diol, and 3,4-dihydro-naphthalene-1,2-diol from tetralin, indene, and 1,2-dihydronaphthalene, respectively, and (ii) when expressed inEscherichia coli, the DK17o-xylene dioxygenase transforms tetralin, indene, and 1,2-dihydronaphthalene into tetralincis-dihydrodiol, indan-1,2-diol, andcis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, respectively. Tetralin, which is activated by aromatic hydroxylation, is degraded successfully via the ring cleavage pathway to support growth of DK17. Indene and 1,2-dihydronaphthalene do not serve as growth substrates because DK17 hydroxylates them on the alicyclic ring and further metabolism results in a dead-end metabolite. This study reveals that aromatic hydroxylation is a prerequisite for proper degradation of bicyclics with aromatic and alicyclic rings by DK17 and confirms the unique ability of the DK17o-xylene dioxygenase to perform distinct regioselective hydroxylations.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of 2-(3’,5'-Dibromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy)-3,5-dibromophenol Isolated from Phyllospongia papyracea

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Sun ◽  
Corene Canning ◽  
Kuiwu Wang ◽  
Wenjun Zhu ◽  
Fei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Compound ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

A principal active antimicrobial compound, 2-(3’,5'-dibromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy)-3,5-dibromophenol, was isolated from the methanol extract of Phyllospongia papyracea via bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation. The crude extract and the purified compound were assayed to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) using the broth microdilution method. The purified compound was found to be highly active against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus at MIC=1 μg/mL, Campylobacter jejuni at MIC=2 μg/mL, Pseudomonas aeruginosa at MIC=4 μg/mL, and Streptococcus pneumoniae and Listeria monocytogenes at MIC = 8 μg/mL. The activity of this compound was found to be comparable with antibiotics commonly used to control these species of bacteria. The results establish 2-(3’,5'-dibromo-2'-methoxyphenoxy)-3,5-dibromophenol as a potential lead molecule for the development of antibacterial agents.

Exopolymers from curdlan production: incorporation of glucose-related sugars by Agrobacterium sp. strain ATCC 31749

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin W. Lee ◽  
Walter G. Yeomans ◽  
Alfred L. Allen ◽  
David L. Kaplan ◽  
Frank Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Strain Atcc ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Aerobic Culture ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
Curdlan Production

Three different exopolymers were purified from cultures of Agrobacterium sp. strain ATCC 31749 grown in a mineral salts medium containing 2% glucose at 30 °C for 5 days under aerobic culture conditions. These exopolymers were curdlan (extracellular, homo-β-(1-3)-glucan, water insoluble at neutral pH), a water-soluble noncurdlan-type exopolymer A (WSNCE-A), and a water-soluble noncurdlan-type exopolymer B (WSNCE-B). Curdlan, WSNCE-A, and WSNCE-B composed by weight 61, 27, and 12%, respectively, of the exopolymer produced from glucose. Compositions of all polymers were confirmed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The WSNCE-A is composed of glucose and galactose with lower contents of rhamnose. The WSNCE-B consists of glucose and mannose. To biosynthesize modified biopolymers, glucose-related sugars including 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose, and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (N-acetylglucosamine) were fed separately as the sole carbon source. Using 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, 8 – 12 mol% of the curdlan repeats were 3-O-methyl-D-glucose based on GC and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. N-Acetylglucosamine was incorporated into WSNCE-A at 10 mol% based on the GC–MS but was not found in curdlan or WSNCE-B.Key words: Agrobacterium sp., curdlan, exopolymer, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose.

scholarly journals A Potentially Useful Procedure for Conversion of Ethers to Esters

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li H ◽  
Mark Z ◽  
Graylion M ◽  
Shen T
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cyclic Ether ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Cyclic Ethers ◽  
Efficient Procedure ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
Reaction Processes

This communication reports a catalytic system for transformation of ethers into their corresponding esters, especially for cyclic ethers. This efficient procedure was developed as part of our efforts to synthesize nucleoside building blocks and their derivatives. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) monitored the reaction processes, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry (NMR), and Infrared Spectrometry (IR) were used to verify the structure of the products. The conversions of Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and other cyclic ether into lactones were accomplished in high yield, over 95%. This approach could be extended too many types of ethers to produce directly corresponding esters simply. Four representatives of ethers were investigated. Cyclic ethers have the higher yields. Linear ethers gave lower yields. The reaction on methoxylcarbon or methyl ether carbon was not observed. The reacted catalyst can be reused over several times. For each reusing, only drops of sulfuric acid need to be added. Nevertheless, the asymmetric ethers selectivity needs to be addressed in future studies.

scholarly journals METABOLIC PROFILE ASSESSMENT OF PHYTOCHEMICALS IN CEIBA PENTANDRA (L.) GAERTN, FROM ZARIA CITY, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-436
Author(s):  
A. S. Dalhatu ◽  
S. T. Imman ◽  
M. M. Namadina ◽  
Zainab Muhammad Sani ◽  
Y. Y. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Ceiba Pentandra ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry

Ceiba pentandra (Silk cotton) is a multipurpose tree in the province of Zaria city, Kaduna State, Nigeria, which is being exposed to uncontrolled exploitation by the natives. Samples of the plant were collected from standing trees located at Zaria city: Kofar Gayan, Rimin Doko, Kwarbai, Kofar Doka and Kofar Kibo. The study was aimed at assessing the secondary metabolites in C. pentandra plant extracts of leaves, stem barks and roots This was achieved through subjecting the extracts to phytochemical screening and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry fingerprinting (metabolic profiling) of phytochemical markers. The results of the screening revealed flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, triterpenoids and reducing sugars to be present in moderate variation, across the extracts. The metabolic fingerprinting indicated high variation among the phytochemicals obtained from the plant extracts. Where, twenty-seven (27) secondary metabolites were predicted from the methanol leaf extracts, twenty-five (25) from the methanol stem bark extracts and twenty-seven (27) from the methanol root extracts, out of which only one of the metabolites (2-hydroxypropyl ether) was predicted in all the extracts. Therefore, for a clearer and broader identification of these phytochemical markers, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometry (NMR) should be employed to determine the detailed chemical structures of the identified metabolites, which will help in determining their functions and how they can be used to improve the biodiversity of these tree species.

scholarly journals Characterization of Copolymer Hydroxybutyrate/Hydroxyvalerate from Saponified Vernonia, Soybean, and “Spent” Frying Oils

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal A Saeed ◽  
Broderick E Eribo ◽  
Folahan O Ayorinde ◽  
Ledelle Collier
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ralstonia Eutropha ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Frying Oils ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry

Abstract Poly(β-hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHAs) were biosynthesized by Ralstonia eutropha (formerly known as Alcaligenes eutrophus) by using saponified soybean, vernonia, and “spent” frying oils. These PHAs were isolated and characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOFMS), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (1H NMR), and 2-dimensional homonuclear (1H–1H) correlation spectroscopy (COSY). The analytical results revealed that the PHAs produced from saponified vernonia and soybean oils were copolymers of hydroxybutyrate (HB) and hydroxyvalerate (HV), that is, P(HB/HV)s, whereas the saponified “spent” frying oil produced only poly(β- hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) homopolymer. MALDI–MS, GC/MS, and NMR independently confirmed the composition of the PHAs. Saponified soybean oil and vernonia oil PHAs contained approximately 4 and 1% HV units, respectively. For comparison, commercial PHB and P(HB/HV), produced by R. eutropha by using glucose and a cosubstrate of glucose and propionic acid, respectively, as carbon sources, were similarly characterized.

scholarly journals Changes of Fermentation Pathways of Fecal Microbial Communities Associated with a Drug Treatment That Increases Dietary Starch in the Human Colon

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 2807-2812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meyer J. Wolin ◽  
Terry L. Miller ◽  
Susan Yerry ◽  
Yongchao Zhang ◽  
Shelton Bank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Colon Cancer Cells ◽  
Colonic Fermentation ◽  
Colonic Epithelial Cells ◽  
Acarbose Treatment ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
Dietary Starch

ABSTRACT Acarbose inhibits starch digestion in the human small intestine. This increases the amount of starch available for microbial fermentation to acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the colon. Relatively large amounts of butyrate are produced from starch by colonic microbes. Colonic epithelial cells use butyrate as an energy source, and butyrate causes the differentiation of colon cancer cells. In this study we investigated whether colonic fermentation pathways changed during treatment with acarbose. We examined fermentations by fecal suspensions obtained from subjects who participated in an acarbose-placebo crossover trial. After incubation with [1-13C]glucose and 12CO2 or with unlabeled glucose and 13CO2, the distribution of 13C in product C atoms was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Regardless of the treatment, acetate, propionate, and butyrate were produced from pyruvate formed by the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway. Considerable amounts of acetate were also formed by the reduction of CO2. Butyrate formation from glucose increased and propionate formation decreased with acarbose treatment. Concomitantly, the amounts of CO2 reduced to acetate were 30% of the total acetate in untreated subjects and 17% of the total acetate in the treated subjects. The acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations were 57, 20, and 23% of the total final concentrations, respectively, for the untreated subjects and 57, 13, and 30% of the total final concentrations, respectively, for the treated subjects.

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