Characterization of the cardiac glycoside and lipid profiles of Strophanthus kombé Oliv. seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana N. Knittel ◽  
Peter Lorenz ◽  
Ursula Huber ◽  
Florian C. Stintzing ◽  
Dietmar R. Kammerer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Previous Sample ◽  
Seed Extracts ◽  
Routine Quality Control

Abstract The seeds of Strophanthus kombé Oliv. are known to contain high levels of cardioactive compounds. However, the therapeutic use of Strophanthus in the treatment of cardiopathy requires more detailed knowledge of the compound profile to profit from the full potential of Strophanthus preparations. Therefore, the objective was to characterize the cardenolide profile and lipophilic constituents in S. kombé seeds using methods applicable in routine quality control. Freshly prepared S. kombé seed extracts were analyzed without previous sample clean-up using a novel HPLC-DAD-MSn method. In addition, seed oils were analyzed by GC-MS following derivatization of the lipids. More than 20 cardenolides were tentatively assigned in the seed extracts including strophanthidin, strophanthidol, periplogenin and strophanthidinic acid aglycones, carrying various saccharide moieties. The findings revealed the presence of eight novel cardenolides, which have not been described for S. kombé so far. The occurrence of strophanthidinic acid derivatives was verified by comparison with synthesized strophanthidinic acid-cymaropyranoside. GC-MS characterization of the oils mainly revealed the presence of fatty acids, especially oleic acid and linoleic acid, as well as phytosterols, the latter representing intermediates of cardenolide biosynthesis. In summary, these findings broaden our knowledge on the secondary metabolism of Strophanthus.

Biochemical characterization of an S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methyltransferase (Rv0469) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 394 (7) ◽  
pp. 871-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laxman S. Meena ◽  
Puneet Chopra ◽  
Ram A. Vishwakarma ◽  
Yogendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Tuberculostearic Acid ◽  
Olefinic Double Bond

Abstract Tuberculostearic acid (l0-methylstearic acid, TSA) is a major constituent of mycobacterial membrane phospholipids, and its biosynthesis involves the direct methylation of oleic acid esterified as a component of phospholipids. The methyltransferases of mycobacteria were long proposed to be involved in the synthesis of methyl-branched short-chain fatty acids, but direct experimental evidence is still lacking. In this study, we identified the methyltransferase encoded by umaA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv as a novel S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase capable of catalyzing the conversion of olefinic double bond of phospholipid-linked oleic acid to biologically essential TSA. Therefore, UmaA, catalyzing such modifications, offer a viable target for chemotherapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Properties of oils of three varieties seeds of passion fruit: Passiflora alata Curtis, Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa and Passiflora quadrangularis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Elizângela Augusta Dos Santos ◽  
Antônio Alves De Melo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

This paper reports the physicochemical characteristics of the seed oils from different varieties of passion fruit (Passiflora alata Curtis, Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa and Passiflora quadrangularis) cultivated in Brazil, Roraima. The oil  from passion fruit, within the range of 19.29±0.02; 21.34±0.22 e 14.24±0.16%, respectively. The physicohemical characteristics of the extracted oils were: free fatty acid contents (0.84±0.01 - 2.73±0.05 % mg KOH g-1 as oleic acid), iodine value (101.63±0.18 - 125.96±0.13 g of I2 100 g-1 of oil), and saponification index (90.56±0.32 - 179.06±0.19 mg KOH g-1 of oil). The oils revealed a reasonable oxidative parameter range as depicted by the determinations of index peroxide value (1.92±0.09 – 3.05±0.03 meqO2 kg-1 of oil). Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid found in all the seed oils with contributions of 55.75-63.42% of the total fatty acids (FA). Other fatty acids detected were known to be oleic acid (19.3-20.1%), palmitic acid (10.8-12.8%) and stearic acid (3.25-4.25%). Through the DPPH test we observed the presence of antioxidants in the three oil samples. The results of the present study indicate that the seeds of the tested passion fruit varieties from Roraima are a potential source of high-linoleic oil and thus can be explored for commercial use and value addition.

scholarly journals OBTENÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS PRINCIPAIS PRODUTOS DO CAJU

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTÔNIO CALIXTO LIMA ◽  
NELSON HORACIO PEZOA GARCÍA ◽  
JANICE RIBEIRO LIMA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo a obtenção e caracterização de produtos derivados do caju. Para tanto, produtos da castanha-de-cajueiro comum e do pedúnculo de caju do clone CCP76 foram processados e submetidos a análises físicas e químicas. Mediante prensagem da amêndoa de castanha-de-caju obtevese a torta parcialmente desengordurada (36,41% de proteínas, 26,57% de lipídios totais e 7,86% de fibra digestiva total) e o óleo (82,74% de ácidos graxos insaturados, predominando o ácido oléico - 60,30% e o linoléico - 21,53%). Do pseudofruto do caju foi obtido o suco clarificado e concentrado a vácuo (teor de ácido ascórbico de 966,13 mg/100 g de suco) e a fibra de caju (61,21% de fibra digestiva total). Concluiu-se que os produtos originários do caju apresentam elevado potencial para a elaboração de diferentes produtos alimentícios em virtude da diversidade e riqueza na composição química da castanha e do seu pseudofruto. OBTENTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MAIN CASHEW PRODUCTS Abstract The objective of the present research was the obtention and the characterization of cashew derived products. For that, products of common cashew nut and from the peduncles of cashew from the clone CCP76 were processed and submitted to physical and chemical analysis. By pressing the cashew nut it was obtained a partially defatted meal (36.41% of proteins, 26.57% of lipids and 7.86% total dietary fiber) and the oil (82.74% of unsaturated fatty acids, predominantly oleic acid - 60.30% and the linoleic - 21.53%). From cashew fruit it was obtained a clarified and concentrated juice (ascorbic acid content of 966.13 mg/100 g of juice) and cashew fiber (61.21% of total dietary fiber). It was concluded that the products originated from cashew showed high potential for the elaboration of different food products by virtue of the diversity and richness of the cashew nut and fruit chemical composition.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Characteristics of Two Kinds of Tea Seed Oils: Oil-tea Seed Oil and Green-Tea Seed Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Xinchu Weng ◽  
Zhuoting Yun ◽  
Chenxiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Tea Seed Oil

Physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, antioxidant compounds and oxidative stability of oil-tea seed oil (Camellia oleifera Abel.) and green-tea seed oil (Camellia sinensis O. Ktze.) were investigated. The refractive index, saponification value, iodine value, acid value, peroxide value, unsaponifiables were determined to assess the quality of the oils. The major fatty acids of green-tea seed oil and oil-tea seed oil were oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid. Green-tea seed oil was typical oleic-linoleic-oil with 52.13% oleic acid and 24.32% linoleic acid level, whereas oil-tea seed oil was typical oleic-oil with very high oleic acid level (73.67%). The amount of total phenols, α-tocopherol and β-carotene of green-tea seed oil were 8.68 mg/kg, 160.33 mg/kg, 3.20 mg/kg, respectively, whereas they were 17.90 mg/kg, 85.66 mg/kg, 1.18 mg/kg in oil-tea seed oil, respectively. Green-tea seed oil contained high amounts of α-tocopherol which was nearly twice that of oil-tea seed oil. The initial induction period (IP) values of green-tea seed oil and oil-tea seed oil were 6.55h and 6.08h at 110 oC by OSI method, respectively, which shows the oxidative stability of two kinds of tea seed oils were preferable. Therefore, oil-tea seed oil could be a good dietary supplement with high level of monounsaturated fatty acids and similar fatty acid composition of olive oil. Green-tea seed oil was a new oil resource which is rich in α-tocopherol in China.

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of Angelica glauca and Chenopodium album seed extracts from Kashmir

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. e393
Author(s):  
Z.R. Nengroo ◽  
A. Rauf
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Angelica Glauca ◽  
Seed Extracts

Angelica glauca Edgew. and Chenopodium album Linn. are medicinally important plants with aromatic, nutritious and flavor-enhancing properties. In this study the fatty acid composition of petroleum ether seed extracts (PE) of processed plants were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The PE consisted mainly of unsaturated fatty acids, such as petroselinic acid 74.26% and oleic acid 7.37% for A. glauca and linoleic acid 53.05% and oleic acid 20.74% for C. album. The de-fatted seed extracts were screened for their antioxidant activities using 2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. Almost all the assays resulted in defatted seed extracts showing powerful radical scavenging activity. These findings suggest that the processed plants could be used as ingredients (as a source of natural antioxidants and unsaturated fatty acids) for the formulation of functional foods.

Synthesis and Characterization of Different Transition Metal-Alginate Based Heterogeneous Catalyst for Esterification Reaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 709 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Fei Ling Pua ◽  
Kah Thong Looi ◽  
Shamala Gowri Krishnan ◽  
Sharifah Nabihah
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst

In recent years, attention has been drawn to produce heterogeneous catalyst to replace homogeneous catalyst in biodiesel industry. This study was focused on the synthesis of three different types of alginate based heterogeneous catalyst (Ferric-alginate, Copper-alginate, and Nickel alginate) and the effect of the catalyst on esterification of oleic acid. Morphology and elemental analysis was conducted to investigate the properties of the catalyst. The new heterogeneous catalysts were used to catalyze the esterification of oleic acid at reaction temperature of 60°C and 2 hours reaction time. Fe-alginate has achieved the highest free fatty acids (FFAs) conversation rate of 82.03%. The results and findings proved that transition metal-alginate heterogeneous catalyst has the potential and ability to esterify the free fatty acids prior biodiesel production from high free fatty acids feedstock.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Pistacia lentiscus Seeds’ Oil from Moroccan High Atlas Mountain

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Brahim Ait Mohand ◽  
Abderraouf El Antari ◽  
Fatiha Benkhalti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Pistacia Lentiscus ◽  
High Atlas ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Pistacia lentiscus is an aromatic member of the Anacardiaceae family, endemic to the Mediterranean regions, which produces red and black oleaginous seeds in maturity. Our study focuses on the characterization of Pistacia lentiscus seed oils from three localities of High Atlas Mountain in the Azilal region of Morocco. Our results showed a very appreciable oil yield reaching more than 21% which clearly differs between the three sites studied (21.33 ± 0.17% in Boizoghrane, 15.22 ± 0.10% in Tighanimine, and 7.67 ± 0.29% in Tawjanizm locality); the analysis of the total fatty acids composition revealed a predominance of the unsaturated fatty acids represented essentially by the oleic and linoleic fatty acids, and also the triglyceride composition was dominated mainly by POO + SOL, POL + SLL + PoOP, and OOO. This potential of the chemical composition offers the possibility of producing nutraceutical oil, which represents a source of income capable of insisting vulnerable local populations to protect this species from deforestation, thus maintaining biodiversity, and to reduce by this interest the migratory flow from marginal areas.

Synthesis and Characterization of New Bolaform Surfactant from Palm Oil Derivative

2011 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Goh ◽  
S.Y. Chin ◽  
L.M.S. Lee ◽  
Mohd Ambar Yarmo ◽  
N.I. Nik Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Octadecanoic Acid ◽  
Layer Chromatography

In this research, new chemistry is explored through a simple, efficient and cheap method to synthesize new surfactants from palm oil fatty acids. Oleic acid, which is one of the major fatty acids in palm oil, has been used as a starting material for the synthesis of surfactants. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of bolaform surfactants from oleic acid. For this purpose, two steps reaction will be carried out: Firstly, consisted of hydrobromination of oleic acid followed by reaction of 10-bromo-octadecanoic acid with ethane-1,2-dithiol and butane-1,2-dithiol. During the first stage of the reaction, hydrobromination of oleic acid was carried out by adding hydrobromic acid into the oleic acid. The reaction was carried out in benzene as solvent at 30°C and atmospheric pressure. This reaction gives 73% yield of 10-bromo-octadecanoic acid and it yield a black brownish liquid which have the m/z 363.2056 by ESI-MS(ToF) and –CH2-CHBr-CH2-shift (4.02 ppm) was well defined in1H-NMR. The separation of 10-bromo-octadecanoic acid was done through thin layer chromatography (TLC) with chloroform and methanol as the eluent and silica plate grade 60 F254as the stationary phase. The second stage of reaction was reacting the 10-bromo-octadecanoic acid with ethane-1,2-dithiol and butane-1,2-dithiol in THF as the solvent and 1,8-Diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) as the catalyst respectively. These reactions were carried out at 30°C and atmospheric pressure. Product obtained was a two layers black brownish liquid with white colour precipitate gives m/z: 659.4813 for ethane-1,2-dithiol and m/z:686.5278 for butane-1,4-dithiol respectively using ESI-MS (ToF) mass spectroscopy. Separation was done on both bolaform surfactants through thin layer chromatography (TLC) with hexane and ethyl acetate as eluent and silica plate grade 60 F254as stationary phase, and finally followed by column chromatography. These two new surfactants will be tested for their physical-chemical properties as well as apply on nanomaterial stabilizer.

scholarly journals Determination of the Lipid Compounds of Aristolochia Longa L. from Algeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamida Saida CHERIF ◽  
Fairouz SAIDI ◽  
Hadjila LAZOURI ◽  
Khadidja AID ◽  
Abdelhak ROUIBI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Lipid Compounds

The present work joins in an initiative, for main objective the determination and the biochemical characterization of a medicinal plant with wide use in certain regions of Algeria. Samples of Aristoloche were collected from the region of Médéa (West of Algiers). By stream training we obtained essential oil and by hydro distillation concrete of the stalks, rhizomes and leaves. With theTLC we detect and confirm the presence of esters of Methyl in our samples. Besides, Gaz chromatography (CG), allowed us to determine the main group of fatty acids characterizing our essential oil and diluted concrete. An important proportion was showed by the palmitic acid with 22, 97 %, linoleic acid demonstrate a rate of 11, 50 %, oleic acid illustrate 7,24 %.

Fatty Acid and Tocochromanol Patterns of Some Salvia L. species

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyup Bagci ◽  
Mecit Vural ◽  
Tuncay Dirmenci ◽  
Ludger Bruehl ◽  
Kurt Aitzetmüllerd
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Total Tocopherol ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Lipids ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

In the course of our investigations of new sources of higher plant lipids, seed fatty acid compositions and the tocochromanol contents of Salvia bracteata, S. euphratica var. euphratica, S. aucherii var. canascens, S. cryptantha, S. staminea, S. limbata, S. virgata, S. hypargeia, S. halophylla, S. syriaca and S. cilicica were investigated using GLC and HPLC systems. Some of the species are endemic to Turkey. All the Salvia sp. showed the same pattern of fatty acids. Linoleic, linolenic and oleic acid were found as the abundant components. Tocochromanol derivatives of the seed oil showed differences between Salvia species. γ-Tocopherol was the abundant component in most of the seed oils except of S. cilicica. The total tocopherol contents of the seed oils were determined to be more than the total of tocotrienols.

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