Integrating Strength and Power Development in the Long-Term Athletic Development of Young Rugby Union Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Durguerian ◽  
Julien Piscione ◽  
Bertrand Mathieu ◽  
Mathieu Lacome
Keyword(s):  
Rugby Union ◽  
Power Development ◽  
Athletic Development

Development and Applications of a Runoff Model for Snowcovered and Glacierized Basins

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance Equation ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Power Development ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Runoff Model ◽  
Discharge Measurements

A conceptual model has been developed for the prediction of runoff on a daily basis from snowcovered and glacierized basins. The basin is divided into an icefree area and an icecovered area, which are treated separately by the model in an attempt to account for the highly different physical conditions prevailing within these two types of areas. The heat exchange between the atmosphere and the snow- or icecover, which essentially controls the melt production, is calculated either by means of a modified degree-day approach or – if the necessary data are available – by means of the complete energy balance equation. The performance of the model has been tested on a glacierized basin in Western Canada – The Peyto Glacier Basin – from which eight years af basic meteorological observations exist for the melt period in addition to continuous discharge measurements. Further, the model has been applied to a glacierized basin in Johan Dahl Land, Southern Greenland, which is of interest in relation to hydro power development. The purpose of this study has been to extend the existing 4 years series of discharge measurements on basis of long term meteorological observations from a station located appr. 17 km from the outlet of the basin. The results of the two case studies are presented and discussed.

Trends in match injury risk in professional male rugby union: a 16-season review of 10 851 match injuries in the English Premiership (2002–2019): the Professional Rugby Injury Surveillance Project

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-102529
Author(s):  
Stephen W West ◽  
Lindsay Starling ◽  
Simon Kemp ◽  
Sean Williams ◽  
Matthew Cross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Common Activity ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The Mean

ObjectivesThe Professional Rugby Injury Surveillance Project is the largest and longest running rugby union injury surveillance project globally and focuses on the highest level of rugby in England.MethodsWe examined match injuries in professional men’s rugby over the period 2002/2003 to 2018/2019 and described trends in injuries over this time.ResultsOver the period 2002/2003–2018/2019, 10 851 injuries occurred in 1 24 952 hours of match play, equating to a mean of 57 injuries per club per season and one injury per team per match. The mean incidence, severity (days absence) and burden (days absence/1000 hours) of injury were 87/1000 hours (95% CI 82 to 92), 25 days (95% CI 22 to 28) and 2178 days/1000 hours (95% CI 1872 to 2484), respectively. The tackle accounted for 43% injuries with running the second most common activity during injury (12%). The most common injury location was the head/face with an incidence of 11.3/1000 hours, while the location with the highest overall burden was the knee (11.1 days/1000 hours). Long-term trends demonstrated stable injury incidence and proportion of injured players, but an increase in the mean and median severity of injuries. Concussion incidence, severity and burden increased from the 2009/2010 season onwards and from 2011 to 2019 concussion was the most common injury.ConclusionThe rise in overall injury severity and concussion incidence are the most significant findings from this work and demonstrate the need for continued efforts to reduce concussion risk as well as a greater understanding of changes in injury severity over time.

scholarly journals Long-Term Athletic Development- Part 1

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1439-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhodri S. Lloyd ◽  
Jon L. Oliver ◽  
Avery D. Faigenbaum ◽  
Rick Howard ◽  
Mark B. A. De Ste Croix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Development

scholarly journals BRain health and healthy AgeINg in retired rugby union players, the BRAIN Study: study protocol for an observational study in the UK

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e017990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Gallo ◽  
Damien McElvenny ◽  
Catherine Hobbs ◽  
Donna Davoren ◽  
Huw Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
London School ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rugby Players

IntroductionRelatively little is known about the long-term health of former elite rugby players, or former sportspeople more generally. As well as the potential benefits of being former elite sportspersons, there may be potential health risks from exposures occurring during an individual’s playing career, as well as following retirement. Each contact sport has vastly different playing dynamics, therefore exposing its players to different types of potential traumas. Current evidence suggests that these are not necessarily comparable in terms of pathophysiology, and their potential long-term adverse effects might also differ. There is currently limited but increasing evidence that poorer age-related and neurological health exists among former professional sportsmen exposed to repetitive concussions; however the evidence is limited on rugby union players, specifically.Methods and analysisWe present the protocol for a cross-sectional study to assess the association between self-reported history of concussion during a playing career, and subsequent measures of healthy ageing and neurological and cognitive impairment. We are recruiting a sample of approximately 200 retired rugby players (former Oxford and Cambridge University rugby players and members of the England Rugby International Club) aged 50 years or more, and collecting a number of general and neurological health-related outcome measures though validated assessments. Biomarkers of neurodegeneration (neurofilaments and tau) will be also be measured. Although the study is focusing on rugby union players specifically, the general study design and the methods for assessing neurological health are likely to be relevant to other studies of former elite sportspersons.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Ethical Committee of London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (reference: 11634-2). It is intended that results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed medical journals, communicated to participants, the general public and all relevant stakeholders.

scholarly journals The state of women’s rugby union in South Africa: Recommendations for long-term participant development

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
M Posthumus
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
Specific Stage ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Future Strategy ◽  
Gender Specific

Several international rugby unions, including the South African Rugby Union, have adopted the long-term athlete development (LTAD) model, which is based on physiological principles that categorise players into specific stages of development. The original model proposes different age categories for boys and girls within each specific stage of development. This review: (i) discusses the current state of junior female rugby in South Africa; (ii) discusses the evidence for gender-specific differences in the LTAD model; and (iii) recommends a future strategy for LTAD within female rugby in South Africa, considering the current approaches of other international unions.

scholarly journals How realistic is the China–Pakistan–Iran economic corridor?

2021 ◽  
pp. 205789112110414
Author(s):  
Daniel Rajmil ◽  
Lucía Morales ◽  
Bernadette Andreosso-O’Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Power Development ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Belt And Road

The economic and political influence of China in the Asian region is growing amidst global geopolitical challenges. Economic corridors such as the new Silk Road have been identified as enablers of strategic growth and geo-economic power development in a context of significant political instability. Beijing's strategic approach and the importance of Pakistan and Iran to its aspiration to realise China's dream through its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) are examined in this comparative study. The rising role of China in the region and its engagement with Iran and Pakistan and the part that these two countries can play need careful attention. Political and economic joint interests have brought together these three countries with significant links to China's economic corridor and energy projections. But the future of the partnership is very fragile as it is characterised by historical hostilities between Iran and Pakistan that can act as a major impendiment to China's ability to progress. In addition, economic and trade figures show an unbalanced relationship that clearly favours Chinese interests. The BRI and the Chinese plans for those territories still remain blurry as any long-term crisis that characterises fragile and complex international alliances.

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