scholarly journals IMPACT OF PRODUCTION STAGES OF ATLANTIC HERRING (CLUPEA HARENGUS) COLD MARINADES ON PROFILE OF FATTY ACIDS IN FISH FAT

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Zapletal ◽  
Katarzyna Tomczyk ◽  
Władysław Migdał ◽  
Henryk Pustkowiak ◽  
Andrzej Węglarz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Production Stages

Canadian Marine Oils of Low Iodine Value: Fatty Acid Composition of Oils from Newfoundland Turbot (Greenland Halibut), Certain Atlantic Herring, and a Sablefish

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2563-2572 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
C. A. Eaton ◽  
P. J. Ke
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Marine Oils ◽  
Greenland Halibut ◽  
Iodine Values

Marine oils with iodine values in the range 83–108 from Newfoundland turbot or Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), and certain Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), were examined for fatty acid composition by gas–liquid chromatography. The herring oils differed from the other oils in having high levels of C20and especially C22fatty acids (chiefly monounsaturated). The sablefish oil had a high level of C18fatty acids, the turbot oil a composition intermediate between the herring and sablefish oils. All of these oils contained moderate amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (7.3–14.4%). The low iodine values were primarily due to monounsaturated fatty acids and not to saturated fatty acids (17.1–21.0%)

Some Commercial Atlantic Herring Oils; Fatty Acid Composition

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 991-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
C. A. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid

Twelve commercial samples of oil from Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.) were examined for fatty acid composition by gas–liquid chromatography. Individual fatty acid components varied widely between these oils, but an assessment of the respective totals of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated acids from these oils and from oils of other species has led to an empirical formula giving the total per cent polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine oils as: total polyunsaturated fatty acids = 10.7 + 0.337 (iodine value oil — 100)In the Atlantic herring oils studied the average proportions of the saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 20, 60, and 20%, respectively. In comparison with herring oil analyses reported from other areas the total saturated acids in the Atlantic herring oils are slightly lower, but there is general agreement that hexadecanoic acid averages about 60% of the total saturated fatty acids. Relationships which are fairly consistent among other acids and apparently not related to iodine value include the ratio of hexadecanoic acid to hexadecenoic acid plus octadecenoic acid, the ratio of C20 and C22 successor acids to C18 linoleic-type precursor acids, and the ratio of linolenic-type acids compared to immediate precursors of the same chain length. As iodine value increases the saturated acids increase slightly, and in the linolenic type acids the ratio of C20 to C18 fatty acids increases more noticeably than the ratio of C22 to C18. The ratio of C22 to C20 linolenic-type acids accordingly decreases with increasing iodine value. The ratio of total linolenic-type acids to total linoleic-type acids apparently increases with increasing iodine value. Comparisons are made with oil analyses of clupeids taken in other oceanic areas.

scholarly journals The proximate composition of three marine pelagic fish: blue whiting ( Micromesistius poutassou ), boarfish ( Capros aper ) and Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus )

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Ross ◽  
C. Stanton ◽  
J. Whooley ◽  
S. Culloty ◽  
D. Mannion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Fish Nutrition ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Blue Whiting

This study presents data from an in-depth proximate compositional analysis of three marine fish species: blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou), boarfish (Capros aper) and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). These fish contained significant amounts of protein (16–17%), lipids (4–11%) and minerals (2–6% ash). The proteins, particularly from boarfish, had close to optimum amino acid profiles for human and fish nutrition. They compared favourably with other fish species in terms of total lipids and relative concentration of the omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (11.8–13.3% and 5.9–8.1% in triacylglycerols [TG] and 24.6–35.4% and 5.8–12.0% in phospholipids [PL]). Atlantic herring had the highest lipid content among the three fish and was found to contain high levels of PL poly-unsaturated fatty acids, including omega-3 fatty acids. Minerals detected in the fish included calcium (272–1,520 mg/100 g), phosphorus (363–789 mg/100 g), iron (1.07–2.83 mg/100 g), magnesium (40.70–62.10 mg/100 g), potassium (112.00–267.00 mg/100 g), selenium (0.04–0.06 mg/100 g), sodium (218.00–282.00 mg/100 g) and zinc (1.29–5.57 mg/100 g). Boarfish had the highest ash fraction and also the highest levels of all the minerals, except potassium. Atlantic herring had considerably lower mineral content compared with the other two species and, levels detected were also lower than those reported in previously published studies. Heavy metals contents were quantified, and levels were significantly below the maximum allowable limits for all elements except arsenic, which ranged from 1.34 to 2.44 mg/kg in the three fish species. Data outlined here will be useful for guiding product development. Future studies would benefit from considering catch season, sex and developmental stage of the fish.

scholarly journals Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Fish Oil from Whole Fish and by-Products of Baltic Herring (Clupea harengus membras)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1811
Author(s):  
Ella Aitta ◽  
Alexis Marsol-Vall ◽  
Annelie Damerau ◽  
Baoru Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Baltic Herring ◽  
By Products

Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) is one of the most abundant commercially caught fish species from the Baltic Sea. Despite the high content of fat and omega-3 fatty acids, the consumption of Baltic herring has decreased dramatically over the last four decades, mostly due to the small sizes and difficulty in processing. At the same time there is an increasing global demand for fish and fish oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. This study aimed to investigate enzyme-assisted oil extraction as an environmentally friendly process for valorizing the underutilized fish species and by-products to high quality fish oil for human consumption. Three different commercially available proteolytic enzymes (Alcalase®, Neutrase® and Protamex®) and two treatment times (35 and 70 min) were investigated in the extraction of fish oil from whole fish and by-products from filleting of Baltic herring. The oil quality and stability were studied with peroxide- and p-anisidine value analyses, fatty acid analysis with GC-FID, and volatile compounds with HS-SPME-GC-MS. Overall, longer extraction times led to better oil yields but also increased oxidation of the oil. For whole fish, the highest oil yields were from the 70-min extractions with Neutrase and Protamex. Protamex extraction with 35 min resulted in the best fatty acid composition with the highest content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) but also increased oxidation compared to treatment with other enzymes. For by-products, the highest oil yield was obtained from the 70-min extraction with Protamex without significant differences in EPA and DHA contents among the oils extracted with different enzymes. Oxidation was lowest in the oil produced with 35-min treatment using Neutrase and Protamex. This study showed the potential of using proteolytic enzymes in the extraction of crude oil from Baltic herring and its by-products. However, further research is needed to optimize enzymatic processing of Baltic herring and its by-products to improve yield and quality of crude oil.

scholarly journals Adult body growth and reproductive investment vary markedly within and across Atlantic and Pacific herring: a meta-analysis and review of 26 stocks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thassya C. dos Santos Schmidt ◽  
Doug E. Hay ◽  
Svein Sundby ◽  
Jennifer A. Devine ◽  
Guðmundur J. Óskarsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Investment In Reproduction

AbstractLife-history traits of Pacific (Clupea pallasii) and Atlantic (Clupea harengus) herring, comprising both local and oceanic stocks subdivided into summer-autumn and spring spawners, were extensively reviewed. The main parameters investigated were body growth, condition, and reproductive investment. Body size of Pacific herring increased with increasing latitude. This pattern was inconsistent for Atlantic herring. Pacific and local Norwegian herring showed comparable body conditions, whereas oceanic Atlantic herring generally appeared stouter. Among Atlantic herring, summer and autumn spawners produced many small eggs compared to spring spawners, which had fewer but larger eggs—findings agreeing with statements given several decades ago. The 26 herring stocks we analysed, when combined across distant waters, showed clear evidence of a trade-off between fecundity and egg size. The size-specific individual variation, often ignored, was substantial. Additional information on biometrics clarified that oceanic stocks were generally larger and had longer life spans than local herring stocks, probably related to their longer feeding migrations. Body condition was only weakly, positively related to assumingly in situ annual temperatures (0–30 m depth). Contrarily, body growth (cm × y−1), taken as an integrator of ambient environmental conditions, closely reflected the extent of investment in reproduction. Overall, Pacific and local Norwegian herring tended to cluster based on morphometric and reproductive features, whereas oceanic Atlantic herring clustered separately. Our work underlines that herring stocks are uniquely adapted to their habitats in terms of trade-offs between fecundity and egg size whereas reproductive investment mimics the productivity of the water in question.

scholarly journals Elemental Inventory in Fish Otoliths Reflects Natal Origin of Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus) From Baltic Sea Juvenile Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothee Moll ◽  
Paul Kotterba ◽  
Klaus Peter Jochum ◽  
Lena von Nordheim ◽  
Patrick Polte
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Natal Origin ◽  
Fish Otoliths

Interaction Between Stock Area, Stock Abundance, and Catchability Coefficient

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Winters ◽  
J. P. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Commercial Catch ◽  
Standard Manner ◽  
Clupea Harengus Harengus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stock Abundance

The relationship between commercial catch-rates and population density upon which many stock assessment models depend assumes that stock area (A) is constant and independent of population abundance. Starting from a theoretical demonstration that the catchability coefficient (q) is inversely proportional to A, we establish the empirical basis of this relationship through comparisons of q and A of various Northwest Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus) stocks and, in more detail, for Fortune Bay herring. For these stocks the relationship was of the form q = cA−b. For Atlantic herring stocks, levels of b were in excess of 0.80. In Fortune Bay herring, reductions in abundance were accompanied by proportional reductions in A, which in turn was inversely correlated with changes in q. School size, measured as catch per set, also declined as population levels declined but the change was not proportional. Published findings indicate that pelagic stocks in particular, and fish stocks in general, exhibit a common response of reductions in A with interactive increases in the q during periods of rapid population decline. We conclude that the conventional assumption of a constant stock area is usually violated due to the systematic interaction between A and population abundance which is reflected in an inverse relationship between stock abundance and q. Calibration of sequential population models should therefore be restricted to research vessel data collected in a standard manner and covering the distributional area of the stock.

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