General Discussion on the Toughness of Nine Percent Nickel Steel

Nine percent nickel steel has excellent properties in a cryogenic environment, so it has recently been used as a tank material for most LNG fuel-powered ships. However, 9% nickel steel causes arc deflection due to its tendency of magnetization during manual FCAW welding and the currently used filler metal is 10–25 times more expensive as a base metal compared to other materials, depending on manufacturers. Furthermore, the properties of its filler metal cause limitation in the welding position. To overcome these disadvantages, in this study, the tendency of penetration shape was analyzed through a fiber laser Bead on Plate (BOP) welding for 9% nickel steel with a thickness of 6 mm and a range of welding conditions for 1-pass laser butt welding of 6 mm thick 9% nickel steel with I-Groove were derived. Through this study, basic data capable of deriving optimal conditions for laser butt welding of 9% nickel steel with a thickness of 6 mm were obtained.

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A New Alloy Steel for Marine Cryogenic Applications

Marine Technology and SNAME News ◽

10.5957/mt1.1972.9.3.297 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 9 (03) ◽

pp. 297-301

Author(s):

G. E. Kampschaefer ◽

F. E. Havens ◽

D. A. Sarno

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Alloy Steel ◽

High Strength ◽

Notch Toughness ◽

Nickel Steel ◽

Percent Nickel ◽

Joint Properties ◽

Filler Metals

The authors describe a new five percent nickel steel which is currently being considered for marine cryogenic applications involving the transport of liquefied ethylene and methane. The alloy combined with a unique heat treatment develops both high strength and good notch toughness properties at temperatures below —150 F. Results of weld tests are presented which show that filler metals and processes used for nine percent nickel steel produce adequate joint properties with this new economical alloy.

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Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Studies of Partial Thickness Cracks in ASTM Method A 645-74, Five Percent Nickel Steel

Properties of Materials for Liquefied Natural Gas Tankage ◽

10.1520/stp29164s ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 238-238-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

DE McCabe ◽

DA Sarno ◽

CE Feddersen

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Fatigue Crack ◽

Crack Growth Rate ◽

Fatigue Crack Growth ◽

Crack Growth ◽

Fatigue Crack Growth Rate ◽

Nickel Steel ◽

Astm Method ◽

Percent Nickel ◽

Partial Thickness

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Fatigue and Fracture Toughness Properties of 9 Percent Nickel Steel at LNG Temperatures

Journal of Engineering for Industry ◽

10.1115/1.3438253 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 1069-1075 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. A. Sarno ◽

D. E. McCabe ◽

T. G. Heberling

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Arc Welding ◽

Base Plate ◽

Nickel Steel ◽

Rotating Beam ◽

Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽

Percent Nickel ◽

Metal Arc Welding ◽

Fatigue And Fracture ◽

Welding Processes

9 percent nickel steel has been evaluated for use in a semimembrane LNG containment design. Fatigue and fracture toughness properties of 1/4 in. thick base plate and weldments have been determined at cryogenic temperatures. Results of rotating beam fatigue, stress intensity (Kc) and fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN versus ΔK) studies are presented. Data predict that 9 percent nickel steel, fabricated with the gas metal arc and shielded metal arc welding processes, may be successfully applied as the primary tank material for this LNG design.

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LNG Marine Carrier Construction

Marine Technology and SNAME News ◽

10.5957/mt1.1972.9.3.281 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 9 (03) ◽

pp. 281-291

Author(s):

James L. Howard

Keyword(s):

Design Analysis ◽

Nickel Steel ◽

Percent Nickel ◽

Containment System ◽

Analytical Work ◽

Materials Research

The author describes the several concepts around which the existing marine LNG containment designs are formulated. The Kvaerner-Moss spherical containment system without secondary barrier is discussed in some detail. The design analysis of that system is presented in a step-by-step fashion as actually performed, along with descriptions of tank materials research and structural experiments which supplement the analytical work. The fabrication sequence of the spheres is discussed, and the welding procedures used for both aluminum and 9 percent nickel steel are included.

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Studies on Nine Percent Nickel Steel for Liquefied Natural Gas Carriers

Properties of Materials for Liquefied Natural Gas Tankage ◽

10.1520/stp29163s ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 205-205-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T Sakai ◽

H Takashima ◽

K Tanaka ◽

H Matsumae ◽

H Yajima

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Liquefied Natural Gas ◽

Nickel Steel ◽

Percent Nickel

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Building and Operating Experience of Spherical-Tank LNG Carriers

Marine Technology and SNAME News ◽

10.5957/mt1.1977.14.2.158 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 14 (02) ◽

pp. 158-174

Author(s):

James L. Howard ◽

Rolf S. Kvamsdal ◽

Kjeld Naesheim

Keyword(s):

Nondestructive Testing ◽

Operating Experience ◽

Temperature Measurements ◽

Nickel Steel ◽

Critical Areas ◽

Percent Nickel ◽

Analytical Studies ◽

Spherical Tank

A summary of the analytical and experimental bases of the spherical-tank LNG carriers of the Kvaerner-Moss design is given. Primary attention is paid to a complete description of the experience from building spherical tanks in both 9 percent nickel steel and aluminum, including such critical areas as welding, nondestructive testing, maintenance of tolerances, and repairs of defects. The results of stress and temperature measurements made on the cargo tanks under test are compared with earlier predictions from analytical studies. Operating experience with the cargo system is reported.

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