LNG Marine Carrier Construction

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 281-291
Author(s):  
James L. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Design Analysis ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Percent Nickel ◽  
Containment System ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Materials Research

The author describes the several concepts around which the existing marine LNG containment designs are formulated. The Kvaerner-Moss spherical containment system without secondary barrier is discussed in some detail. The design analysis of that system is presented in a step-by-step fashion as actually performed, along with descriptions of tank materials research and structural experiments which supplement the analytical work. The fabrication sequence of the spheres is discussed, and the welding procedures used for both aluminum and 9 percent nickel steel are included.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Bead on Plate (BOP) Welding of 6 mm Thick 9% Nickel Steel by Fiber Laser Welding

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7699
Author(s):  
Jaewoong Kim ◽  
Changmin Pyo ◽  
Yonghyun Kim ◽  
Sungwook Kang ◽  
Taegon Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Fiber Laser Welding ◽  
Butt Welding ◽  
Percent Nickel ◽  
Lng Fuel ◽  
Welding Position

Nine percent nickel steel has excellent properties in a cryogenic environment, so it has recently been used as a tank material for most LNG fuel-powered ships. However, 9% nickel steel causes arc deflection due to its tendency of magnetization during manual FCAW welding and the currently used filler metal is 10–25 times more expensive as a base metal compared to other materials, depending on manufacturers. Furthermore, the properties of its filler metal cause limitation in the welding position. To overcome these disadvantages, in this study, the tendency of penetration shape was analyzed through a fiber laser Bead on Plate (BOP) welding for 9% nickel steel with a thickness of 6 mm and a range of welding conditions for 1-pass laser butt welding of 6 mm thick 9% nickel steel with I-Groove were derived. Through this study, basic data capable of deriving optimal conditions for laser butt welding of 9% nickel steel with a thickness of 6 mm were obtained.

A New Alloy Steel for Marine Cryogenic Applications

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 297-301
Author(s):  
G. E. Kampschaefer ◽  
F. E. Havens ◽  
D. A. Sarno
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Notch Toughness ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Percent Nickel ◽  
Joint Properties ◽  
Filler Metals

The authors describe a new five percent nickel steel which is currently being considered for marine cryogenic applications involving the transport of liquefied ethylene and methane. The alloy combined with a unique heat treatment develops both high strength and good notch toughness properties at temperatures below —150 F. Results of weld tests are presented which show that filler metals and processes used for nine percent nickel steel produce adequate joint properties with this new economical alloy.

Fatigue and Fracture Toughness Properties of 9 Percent Nickel Steel at LNG Temperatures

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Sarno ◽  
D. E. McCabe ◽  
T. G. Heberling
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Rotating Beam ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Percent Nickel ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Fatigue And Fracture ◽  
Welding Processes

9 percent nickel steel has been evaluated for use in a semimembrane LNG containment design. Fatigue and fracture toughness properties of 1/4 in. thick base plate and weldments have been determined at cryogenic temperatures. Results of rotating beam fatigue, stress intensity (Kc) and fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN versus ΔK) studies are presented. Data predict that 9 percent nickel steel, fabricated with the gas metal arc and shielded metal arc welding processes, may be successfully applied as the primary tank material for this LNG design.

X-ray powder microdiffraction for routine analysis of paintings

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Simova ◽  
P. Bezdicka ◽  
J. Hradilova ◽  
D. Hradil ◽  
T. Grygar
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Art Works ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Sample Amount

Laboratory powder X-ray microdiffraction with a focusing monocapillary and linear multichannel detector was applied to phase identification in fragments of painting layers of art works, canvas and wall paintings, and polychromes on wood. This method is useful in materials research of painting layers with complex stratigraphy, and it is indispensable in distinguishing inorganic pigments of different natural provenance and revealing degradation products. The advantage of X-ray microdiffraction is its nondestructive nature and no need of sample pretreatment. Samples after microdiffraction can hence be used for other analyses or archived. Another advantage is the possibility to work with samples smaller than 1 mm, which is particularly important in the analysis of artworks where the sample amount or size is a serious limit of using the laboratory techniques of materials research. The X-ray equipment used is more economical and more easily accessible than other microdiffraction techniques and is, hence, suitable for routine analytical work.

Studies on Nine Percent Nickel Steel for Liquefied Natural Gas Carriers

2009 ◽  
pp. 205-205-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Sakai ◽  
H Takashima ◽  
K Tanaka ◽  
H Matsumae ◽  
H Yajima
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Percent Nickel

Building and Operating Experience of Spherical-Tank LNG Carriers

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 158-174
Author(s):  
James L. Howard ◽  
Rolf S. Kvamsdal ◽  
Kjeld Naesheim
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Testing ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Percent Nickel ◽  
Analytical Studies ◽  
Spherical Tank

A summary of the analytical and experimental bases of the spherical-tank LNG carriers of the Kvaerner-Moss design is given. Primary attention is paid to a complete description of the experience from building spherical tanks in both 9 percent nickel steel and aluminum, including such critical areas as welding, nondestructive testing, maintenance of tolerances, and repairs of defects. The results of stress and temperature measurements made on the cargo tanks under test are compared with earlier predictions from analytical studies. Operating experience with the cargo system is reported.

High-voltage Electron Microscopy: Where it is and where it may be going

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Charles W. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Research Community ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Materials Research

High voltage TEMs were introduced commercially thirty years ago, with the installations of 500 kV Hitachi instruments at the Universities of Nogoya and Tokyo. Since that time a total of 51 commercial instruments, having maximum accelerating potentials of 0.5-3.5 MV, have been delivered. Prices have gone from about a dollar per volt for the early instruments to roughly twenty dollars per volt today, which is not so unreasonable considerinp inflation and vastly improved electronics and other improvements. The most expensive HVEM (the 3.5 MV instrument at Osaka University) cost about 5 percent of the construction cost of the USA's latest synchrotron.Table 1 briefly traces the development of HVEM in this country for the materials sciences. There are now only three available instruments at two sites: the 1.2 MeV HVEM at Argonne National Lab, and 1.0 and 1.5 MeV instruments at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. Fortunately, both sites are user facilities funded by DOE for the materials research community.

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