scholarly journals Von militärischer Notwendigkeit zu individueller Verantwortlichkeit – Der Fall „Al Mahdi“ als Zäsur in der strafrechtlichen Ahndung von Kulturgutzerstörung auf internationaler Ebene

2020 ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Maximilian Gröber
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
The Political ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Military Necessity

From military necessity to individual responsibility – the “Al Mahdi” case as a caesura in the criminal punishment of the destruction of cultural property on an international levelIn April 2012, the Islamist group Ansar Dine launched an attack on the UNESCO World Heritage sites in Timbuktu, Mali. Besides illustrating the political and religious backgrounds that led to this action, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the historical development of the international legal framework for the protection of cultural heritage, including the trial against Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi, who was in charge of the Timbuktu attacks. As will be shown, the case has the potential to set a precedent. 

scholarly journals An Application of the A’WOT Analysis for the Management of Cultural Heritage Assets: The Case of the Historical Farmhouses in the Aglié Castle (Turin)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Bottero ◽  
Chiara D’Alpaos ◽  
Alessia Marello
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Decision Aiding ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Real Estate Assets

In recent years, governments, public institutions, and local communities have devoted growing attention to the identification of promising strategies for the preservation and valorization of cultural heritage assets. Decisions on the management of cultural heritage assets based on multiple, often conflicting, criteria and on the stakes of various, and potentially non-consensual actors and stakeholders. In this context, in which the trade-offs between the preservation of assets historical symbolic values and the adaptation to alternative and economically profitable uses play a key role in investment decisions, multi-criteria analyses provide robust theoretical and methodological frameworks to support decision-makers in the design and implementation of adaptive reuse strategies for cultural heritage and public real estate assets. In this paper, we provide a multi-criteria decision aiding approach for ranking valorization strategies of cultural heritage assets aimed at promoting their restoration and conservation, as well as at creating cultural and economic benefits. In detail, we present a novel application of the A’WOT analysis to support the design and implementation of alternative management strategies of abandoned cultural heritage assets. The paper focuses on the potential reuse and management of four historical farmhouses (Cascina Mandria, Cascina Lavanderia, Cascina Gozzani, and Cascina Ortovalle) located in the Agliè Castle estate, one of the Residences of the Royal House of Savoy, currently listed in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

scholarly journals UNESCO international activities to protect the cultural heritage of Iraq and Syria in 2015-2017

nauka.me ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Olesia Gretskaia
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
World Cultural Heritage ◽  
International Activities

The article focuses on the international activities of UNESCO (2015-2017) to protect the world cultural heritage in Iraq and Syria from the devastating consequences of armed conflicts and terrorist attacks. The author pays special attention to aspects of the Organization's strategy for the prevention of the destruction of World Heritage sites (or their restoration) and the suppress of the illegal trade of cultural property. This strategy includes establishing cooperation with other international organizations and states, and the article gives examples of international contacts on the protection of cultural heritage.

Stakeholders' consciousness of cultural heritage and the reconciliation of different needs for sustainable development

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selena Aureli ◽  
Mara Del Baldo
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Italian City

PurposeThe paper aims to investigate the approach and tools adopted by an Italian city, included amongst the UNESCO World Heritage sites (WHS), to involve different stakeholders in the protection and valorisation of its historical centre to achieve the goals of sustainable development. The paper focusses on the role of local authorities as the key actors that should engage different city users to jointly achieve heritage conservation and socio-economic development.Design/methodology/approachData were collected, thanks to the researchers' direct participation in a project launched by the municipality of Urbino, which involved several local stakeholders and lasted about a year. Participant observation allowed the authors to collect informal interviews, join collective discussions and reflect on the direct observation of the activities undertaken.FindingsThe case study analysed suggests how participatory governance may be effective in fostering responsible principles in “asset usage” by any type of city users and how citizens actively co-design and co-implement initiatives of heritage revitalisation when engaged in cultural heritage (CH) policies.Originality/valueThe paper addresses a long-standing problem that has never been solved: how to enhance the consciousness of the CH amongst stakeholders and reconcile their different and conflicting needs in the historical urban environment in the process of revitalisation.

Cultural Heritage and Tourism Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 194-204
Author(s):  
Jyoti Kumar Chandel ◽  
Priyanshu Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter aims to offer valuable insight into different aspects of cultural heritage, heritage tourism, and status of cultural tourism development in the state of Rajasthan, India. Status of UNESCO World Heritage sites has been examined from the trends of visitors and revenue generation. Results of data analysis indicate the very slow annual average growth rate of international tourists to UNESCO World Heritage sites while for domestic tourists, this rate is encouraging and progressive. Institutional set up to manage heritage in Rajasthan has been examined. Important challenges faced by heritage have been described.

PROTECTION OF THE RURAL DESTINATIONS AS THE WORLD CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES: INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 18-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Олег Афанасьев ◽  
Oleg Afanasiev
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World ◽  
Agricultural Tourism

The article discusses the concept of “agrоcultural (agricultural) heritage” and composing it objects in rural (agricultural) tourism, for which they are the most important destinations. This research object is interdisciplinary, affecting a variety of spheres, particularly, agroourism, sightseeing, services and so forth, and economy in general. Agricultural heritage includes tangible objects of agricultural and technical culture, created for the production. Such objects are saved for better and complete study and understanding of their nature, not for contemplation; they are not works of art. This heritage is anthropogenic and technological. From the scientific and methodological point of view the very understanding of the term of "agricultural heritage" is still quite uncertain. The article presents a comprehensive understanding of it based on the nature-use concept as a binary object system "Man - Nature". The available experience of classification of agricultural heritage objects is considered. Starting 2002, at the initiative of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) the criteria are developed and an inventory of objects of the world agro- cultural heritage, Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS), is conducted. One of the GIAHS goals is identifying objects of agricultural heritage that are most corresponding to the status of "global agricultural heritage" and their promotion for including to the UNESCO World Heritage List. The article presents for the first time ever full GIAHS list in Russian as of October, 2016. We have separated in special list 114 objects from 58 countries, corresponding in our view to the concept of "agricultural heritage" from the UNESCO World Heritage List current at the end of 2016. The article presets the attempt to classify them by 12 categories. The rating of countries in the world by the number of Agricultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites is submitted. The author notes that exactly this category of objects forms a primary resource base for the agricultural (rural) tourism development as the most important attractive destinations, especially in Europe. As the conclusions the reasons are formulated, under which agricultural tourism is a promising form of tourism organization both for individual agricultural enterprises on the basis of objects of agricultural heritage, and for the regions in which these objects are presented.

scholarly journals Reconstructing Cultural Heritage in Conflict Zones: Should Palmyra be Rebuilt?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour A. Munawar
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Daily News ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Museum Staff

Cultural heritage has fallen under the threat of being of damaged and/or erased due to armed conflicts, and destruction has increasingly become a major part of daily news all over the world. The destruction of cultural heritage has escalated in Syria as the ongoing armed conflict has spread to World Heritage Sites, such as Palmyra and the old city of Aleppo. The devastation of Syria’s war has deliberately and systematically targeted archaeological monuments dating from the prehistoric, Byzantine, Roman, and Islamic periods, with no distinction being made of the cultural, historical, and socio-economic significance of such sites. The violence of this conflict is not, of course, limited to the destruction of cultural property, and has first and foremost served to introduce non-state radical actors, such as Daesh, who targeted local people, archaeological site, museum staff and facilities. The destruction and re-purposing of monuments in Syria, such as Daesh’s attempts to turn churches into mosques, are heavy-handed attempts to re-write history by erasing physical evidence. In this paper, I explore the semantics of continuous attempts to reconstruct cultural heritage sites, destroyed by Daesh, during the ongoing war, and how the destruction and reconstruction of Syria’s heritage have been deployed to serve political agendas.

scholarly journals , Tourism and the UN Sustainable Development : The Case of Croatia

2021 ◽  
pp. 341-358
Author(s):  
Željka Kordej-De Villa ◽  
Ivan Šulc
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Tourism Impacts ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
World Heritage List

AbstractThe chapter analyses the quality of managing cultural heritage sites in Croatia, particularly those inscribed to the UNESCO World Heritage List, which are under growing pressure of overtourism. The analysis was performed by using qualitative and quantitative data on visitors of the UNESCO heritage and the most important impacts of tourism on destination areas, compared to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) focused on tourism and heritage. The study investigates the state of safeguarding, protecting and valorizing cultural heritage in relevant documents and in practice, focusing on Dubrovnik as a case study area. The analysis revealed the insufficient plans for managing UNESCO World Heritage Sites in relevant documents and in the field, as well as lack of monitoring of tourism impacts. The selected cases in Croatia confirmed that the most common way for heritage valorization is within the framework of tourism (McKercher and du Cros, Cultural tourism. The partnership between tourism and cultural heritage management, Routledge, New York/London, 2009), where heritage is most often associated with sustainable tourism. However, desirable regenerative tourism, that repairs the harm that has already been done, is still far from the present situation and it will require much effort in its planning, designing tools for its implementation and its management to achieve it in the near future.

scholarly journals Prefacio II

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Nicola Masini
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
World Heritage Sites ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
World Heritage List

Awareness of the importance of preserving and transmitting cultural heritage to future generations has been growing enormously over the last two decades.  An indicator of this is the continuous growth in the number of cultural heritage sites and monuments inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage list, which passed from 551 in 1987 to 1054 in 2016. Furthermore, the gap that once divided Europe and Northern America from other countries in terms of protection policies, development of practices and procedures for the restoration has been reduced. However, in the last two decades the number of World Heritage sites in danger strongly increased, passing from 10 in 1987 to 37 in 2016.

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