Psychometric properties of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale in Ethiopian university students

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-427
Author(s):  
Md. Dilshad Manzar ◽  
Mohammed Salahuddin ◽  
Ahmad Alghadir ◽  
Shahnawaz Anwer ◽  
Sony Peter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
University Students ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Psychometric Measures ◽  
Gender Groups

The prevalence of anxiety and its associated factors in Ethiopians necessitates availability of a valid questionnaire tool to screen for this disorder. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the factor structure, its stability, and psychometric measures of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale GAD-7) in Ethiopian university students. A cross-sectional study with random sampling was carried out in students (n = 354, age = 21.79 ± 4.49) attending Mizan-Tepi University, Ethiopia. The GAD-7, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and a sociodemographic questionnaire were completed by participants. The unidimensional model of the GAD-7 showed configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance among gender groups. The Cronbach's alpha (0.77), item-total score correlations (r = .51—.72, p < .01), and inter-item correlations (all significant, p < .05) indicated adequate internal consistency. GAD-7 scale scores correlated significantly with the PSS, suggesting desired convergent validity. The GAD-7 has good psychometric validity with Ethiopian university students.

THE EFFECTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH AND RELATED FACTORS: A WEB-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY HEALTH STUDENT IN THE PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (20) ◽  
pp. 723-737
Author(s):  
Ayfer BAYINDIR ÇEVİK ◽  
Elçin Sebahat KASAPOĞLU
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
University Students ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Previous Diagnosis ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and anxiety of university students about the Covid-19 epidemic at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study. The sample consists of 1243 health students. The data were collected through an online questionnaire consisting of three parts. The questionnaire included questions to assess the socio-demographic characteristics of students, their level of knowledge, awareness and behavior about the Covid-19 pandemic, and the impact of the epidemic on their psychological health. The GAD-7 scale was used to assess students' anxiety levels. Results: In this study; 79.60% of the Health Care Students (HCSs) did not attend any training on COVID-19. Their sources of information were internet/social media (97.18%) and TV (97.18%). In the COVID-19 knowledge assessment test, it was found that 65.7% of them had a high level of knowledge. Most of HCSs thought that their knowledge about COVID-19 was very good (55%). The correct answer means of the 31 questions on the COVID-19 knowledge questionnaire were 22.07±1.70. In this questionnaire, it stated that the most effective methods of protection were the use of a mask in crowded environments (99.1%). Most of the HCSs stated that outbreak was affected their mental health negatively (73.1%) and some of them named this state as "Coronaphobia" (33.2%). In this study was found that some HCSs have a generalized anxiety disorder (22.6%) and anxiety experienced due to COVID "completely affected" their lives (19.5%). The average knowledge score of the students who received applied training in the hospital at the beginning of the pandemic (22.29±1.58) and anxiety level of students (6.77±5.85) was higher than those who did not receive applied training in the hospital (5.84±5.47, p<0.05). The GAD-7 scores for those with a previous diagnosis of psychological disease were 2 times higher than those without a previous diagnosis (p<0.05)Conclusion: At the beginning of the pandemic, students who received hands-on training at the hospital had higher knowledge and awareness levels. Generalized Anxiety Disorder was observed more frequently in those with a previous psychological disorder than in other students. Keywords: Anxiety; coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19); knowledge; health students; pandemic and mental health

scholarly journals Are Different Forms of Repetitive Negative Thinking Associated With Interpretation Bias in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Depression?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Krahé ◽  
Jessica Whyte ◽  
Livia Bridge ◽  
Sofia Loizou ◽  
Colette R. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Negative Thought

Worry and rumination, two forms of repetitive negative thinking (RNT), are prevalent in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depression. Cognitive processing biases, especially the tendency to draw negative conclusions from ambiguous information (interpretation bias), may maintain worry and rumination. Yet the relationship between interpretation bias and both forms of RNT has not been explored in clinical versus nonclinical samples. In this cross-sectional study, participants with GAD ( n = 72), depression ( n = 79), or neither disorder ( n = 71) completed two tasks assessing interpretation bias, measures of worry and rumination, and reported negative thought intrusions during a behavioral task. Interpretation bias was associated with higher levels of worry, rumination, and negative thought intrusions. Both clinical groups generated significantly more negative interpretations than healthy comparison participants. These findings link interpretation bias to worry and rumination and establish the need for research investigating the causal role of interpretation bias in maintaining RNT.

Generalized anxiety disorder comorbidities: Panic and depressive disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S486-S486
Author(s):  
M. Turki ◽  
J. Ben Thabet ◽  
N. Charfi ◽  
M. Mezghanni ◽  
M. Maalej Bouali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionIt has been well documented that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) can co-occur with mood disorders and other anxious disorders, particularly panic disorder (PD). These comorbidities can complicate therapeutic management and burden the prognosis.AimTo highlight the relationship between GAD and panic and depressive disorders.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study, among 250 subjects consulting in 6 primary care units in Sfax, Tunisia. These participants, randomly chosen, were asked to answer a questionnaire after their consent. The diagnosis of GAD and PD were assessed by the “Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview” of the DSM-IV. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the “Beck Depression Inventory” (BDI).ResultsThe average age was 39 years. The sex ratio M/F was 1/2.The GAD was diagnosed in 10.8% of participants. The mean IDB score was 3.8. According to this scale, a mild depression was noted in 23.6%, moderate 12% and severe in 2.8% of cases. The GAD was statistically associated with psychiatric histories (P = 0.009), particularly depression disorder (P = 0.004) and the history of suicide attempt (P < 0.001).The IDB score was significantly higher in participants with GAD (P < 0.001). Among them, 74% presented moderate to severe depression.GAD co-occurs with PD in 22.2% of cases. This association was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Participants presenting GAD- PD comorbidity are at higher risk of developing depression (P = 0.003).ConclusionOne must always think to screen comorbidities in the presence of either diagnosis, in order to ensure a better management.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Moderate to severe generalized anxiety disorder symptoms are associated with physical inactivity in people with HIV/AIDS: a study from Uganda

2020 ◽  
pp. 095646242094299
Author(s):  
James Mugisha ◽  
Peter K Byansi ◽  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Richard S Bbosa ◽  
Tine Van Damme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Health

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the prevalence of moderate to severe generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms and its association with physical activity in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Uganda. Two hundred and ninety-five PLHIV (median [interquartile range] age = 37.0 years [16.0]; 200 women) completed the GAD-7, Physical Activity Vital Sign, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. An adjusted odds ratio for physical inactivity in people with moderate to severe GAD symptoms was calculated using binary logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of moderate to severe GAD symptoms was 9.1%. Those with moderate to severe GAD symptoms had a 16.8 times higher odds (95% CI = 5.0–55.9) for not complying with the physical activity recommendations. The current study shows that moderate to severe GAD symptoms are strongly associated with physical inactivity in PLHIV living in a country such as Uganda.

scholarly journals Generalized Anxiety Disorders Among Cases With Diabetes Mellitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1020
Author(s):  
Saif Ul Islam ◽  
Syed Arsalan Haider ◽  
Athar Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Naeem Akhtar ◽  
Munazza Javed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Diabetes Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the highly prevalent chronic diseases that can impact the life greatly, not only by its own disease process, but also due to wide range of other social and psychological effects on one’s life. Generalized anxiety disorder is one of these complications, but is highly under rated. Aim: To determine the frequency of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among cases with Diabetes Mellitus presenting to out-patient Diabetes clinic of Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. Place and duration of study: This study was carried out in the Department of Medicine, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from 10-06-18 to 10-06-19. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study. The cases with both gender and age range of 30 to 60 years with known history of DM for at least one year were included. Anxiety was labelled on the basis of GAD scale and score of 5 or more was labelled as yes. Results: In this study there were total 192 cases of DM and out of them 98 (51.04%) were males. The mean age of the subjects was 51.20±8.16 years and mean HbA1c level was 8.78±2.34. There were 127 (66.15%) cases with type II DM, and only 28(14.58%) had controlled DM. Generalized anxiety disorder was seen in 72 (37.50%) of cases. GAD was significantly high in females affecting 44 out of 94 cases with p= 0.03. The cases with duration of DM of 5 or more years had GAD significantly high (64 out of 120) cases with p= 0.01. The cases who were un-employed had significantly higher number of cases suffering from GAD; affecting 58 out of 106 with p= 0.01. Conclusion: GAD is common and seen in almost more than every 3rd case suffering from DM and those with DM for 5 years or more, un-employed or those who were widow or divorced had it significantly high. Keywords: DM, GAD, HbA1c

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with the generalized anxiety disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in Brazilian outpatient clinics

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Rafael Dantas Santana ◽  
Carolina Saraiva Nunes Pinho ◽  
Francisco Marto Leal Pinheiro Junior ◽  
Fabrício Maicy Bezerra ◽  
Malena Gadelha Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic worrying disorder, which causes social and occupational impairment. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of GAD among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and to determine the associated socio-demographic and clinical factors. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study between September 2014 and April 2015 at four HIV outpatient clinics in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil. We surveyed 257 individuals living with HIV/AIDS, aged > 18-years, of both sexes. Four modalities of instruments were used to collect the data: a socio-demographic questionnaire; the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; the Hamilton’s Anxiety Scale; and chart data. Results: GAD prevalence was 14%. Female sex, CD4 200-500 versus < 200, CD4 > 500 versus < 200 and being homeless were associated in the multivariate model. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the necessity of proactively addressing mental health as well as physical health issues in HIV+ individuals.

scholarly journals Validation of generalized anxiety disorder-2 as a screening tool for generalized anxiety disorder in the primary health care setting: study protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Mohammad J. M. A. Tamimi ◽  
Anna R. Sharif ◽  
Saad T. Sedeeq ◽  
Ehab Hamed
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Health

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Anxiety screening in primary care is crucial for the identification and management of the condition. The generalized anxiety disorder-2 (GAD-2) is an abridged version of the tool composed of the first two questions of the GAD-7 for screening for anxiety in the general adult population in primary care settings. Patients who score more than 3 points are further evaluated for anxiety. Although there is a growing body of literature documenting the psychometric properties of the GAD-2 against a structured interview and the GAD-7, no earlier studies have assessed the performance of the GAD-2 in Qatar. This cross-sectional study primarily aims to examine the sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of GAD-2 scores for detecting anxiety among patients attending PHCC in Qatar.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study will employ a periodic cross-sectional study of electronic medical record data of adult patients attending the primary health care settings between January of 2017 and December of 2019. The study population will include all adult population with documented GAD-7 scores. We will exclude all patients with other mental health diagnoses, including mental disability, schizophrenia, and dementia.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GAD-2 questionnaire forms an easy to administer screening tool. The cut-off value in various international settings is set at a score of equal to or more than 3. The study will report on the diagnostic properties of GAD-2 scores against the documented diagnosis of anxiety by health care professionals. The result helps to tailor the cut-off value to its local settings.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Trial Registration:</strong> Trial registration number is PHCCDCR202003019.</p>

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