Incentives, Optimization, and Democratic Planning: A Socialist Primer

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-535
Author(s):  
David Laibman
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Impossibility Result ◽  
Local Model ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Incentive Design ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Critical Understanding ◽  
The One

Socialism has traditionally been identified with central, top-down planning, which is seen as impossible and irrational. The only alternative is “the market,” identified with capitalism. The 20th-century socialist experience, by contrast, put forward a multilevel (central–local) model, in which enterprises form their own detailed plans, under incentives to plan both ambitiously and realistically. The incentive design literature in Western economics has suggested an “impossibility” result: there is no way to incentivize local agents to tell the truth about their actual possibilities and therefore to contribute to efficient central plans. However, under modern conditions, a Collective Morale Function operates: planning requires activist mobilization of, and critical understanding among, workers. If an enterprise is to organize production successfully, it must attain high levels of morale, which in turn requires truth-telling and ambitious planning. This constitutes a path toward mature socialism, breaking the one-dimensional binary: either authoritarian planning, or the “market.”

scholarly journals From sustainable development to green growth: The abandonment of the social character of development

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Vavouras
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Green Growth ◽  
Ecological Strategy ◽  
Social Character ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
The One

<p>Sustainable development, the basic social,<br />economic and ecological strategy of the late<br />20th century at the national and international<br />level, is gradually giving its place to green<br />growth. This change is associated with important<br />socioeconomic adjustments. We argue<br />that although green growth has moved away<br />from the one-dimensional concept of economic<br />growth, by incorporating the environmental<br />dimension, apart from the economic<br />one, at the same time it neglects the social<br />aspect that constitutes the third dimension<br />of sustainable development. Therefore, the<br />widely proposed in recent years green growth<br />strategy could be characterized as a major social<br />drawback.</p>

State Patriotism and Jewish Nationalism in the Late Russian Empire: The Case of Vladimir Jabotinsky’s Journalist Writing on The Russo–Japanese War, 1904–1905

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-878
Author(s):  
Dmitry Shumsky
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Image ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
The One

AbstractIn his autobiographical writings, the Russian-Jewish author and the founder of Zionist Revisionism Vladimir Jabotinsky constructed a retrospective self-image, according to which ever since becoming a Zionist early in the 20th century he exclusively clung to a Jewish national identity. This one-dimensional image was adopted by the early historiography of the Revisionist movement in Zionism. Contrary to this trend, much of the recent historiography on Jabotinsky has taken a different direction, describing him, particularly as a young man during the period of his early Zionism in Tsarist Russia, as a Russian-European cosmopolitan intellectual. Both these polarized positions are somewhat unbalanced and simplistic, whereas the figure of Jabotinsky and his worldview that emerge from reading his rich publicist writing in late Tsarist Russia present a far more complex picture of interplay between his deep ethnic-national primordial Jewish affinity, on the one hand, and an array of his different attachments to his non-Jewish surroundings including local, cultural, and civil identities, on the other. Focusing on Jabotinsky’s unexplored journalist writings that address the Russo-Japanese war of 1904–1905, the article discovers a previously unknown identity pattern of the young Jabotinsky—his Russian state patriotism—and traces its relationship to his Jewish nationalism.

scholarly journals Από την βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη στην πράσινη μεγέθυνση: Η εγκατάλειψη του κοινωνικού χαρακτήρα της ανάπτυξης

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ιωάννης Σ. Βαβούρας
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Green Growth ◽  
Ecological Strategy ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
The One

<p>Sustainable development, the basic social,<br />economic and ecological strategy of the late<br />20th century at the national and international<br />level, is gradually giving its place to green<br />growth. This change is associated with important<br />socioeconomic adjustments. We argue<br />that although green growth has moved away<br />from the one-dimensional concept of economic<br />growth, by incorporating the environmental<br />dimension, apart from the economic<br />one, at the same time it neglects the social<br />aspect that constitutes the third dimension<br />of sustainable development. Therefore, the<br />widely proposed in recent years green growth<br />strategy could be characterized as a major social<br />drawback.</p>

Exploring the Multidimensional Facets of Authoritarianism: Authoritarian Aggression and Social Dominance Orientation

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Passini
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

The relation between authoritarianism and social dominance orientation was analyzed, with authoritarianism measured using a three-dimensional scale. The implicit multidimensional structure (authoritarian submission, conventionalism, authoritarian aggression) of Altemeyer’s (1981, 1988) conceptualization of authoritarianism is inconsistent with its one-dimensional methodological operationalization. The dimensionality of authoritarianism was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 713 university students. As hypothesized, the three-factor model fit the data significantly better than the one-factor model. Regression analyses revealed that only authoritarian aggression was related to social dominance orientation. That is, only intolerance of deviance was related to high social dominance, whereas submissiveness was not.

Adiabatic large polarons in anisotropic molecular crystals

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Zoran Ivić ◽  
Željko Pržulj
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Effective Mass ◽  
Molecular Crystals ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Interchain Coupling ◽  
Large Polaron ◽  
The One

Adiabatic large polarons in anisotropic molecular crystals We study the large polaron whose motion is confined to a single chain in a system composed of the collection of parallel molecular chains embedded in threedimensional lattice. It is found that the interchain coupling has a significant impact on the large polaron characteristics. In particular, its radius is quite larger while its effective mass is considerably lighter than that estimated within the one-dimensional models. We believe that our findings should be taken into account for the proper understanding of the possible role of large polarons in the charge and energy transfer in quasi-one-dimensional substances.

Modelling Techniques in Applied Glaciology: Numerical Modelling of Avalanches

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 297-297
Author(s):  
G. Brugnot
Keyword(s):  
Finite Difference Method ◽  
Transverse Velocity ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Momentum Conservation ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Reference Grid ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future

We consider the paper by Brugnot and Pochat (1981), which describes a one-dimensional model applied to a snow avalanche. The main advance made here is the introduction of the second dimension in the runout zone. Indeed, in the channelled course, we still use the one-dimensional model, but, when the avalanche spreads before stopping, we apply a (x, y) grid on the ground and six equations have to be solved: (1) for the avalanche body, one equation for continuity and two equations for momentum conservation, and (2) at the front, one equation for continuity and two equations for momentum conservation. We suppose the front to be a mobile jump, with longitudinal velocity varying more rapidly than transverse velocity.We solve these equations by a finite difference method. This involves many topological problems, due to the actual position of the front, which is defined by its intersection with the reference grid (SI, YJ). In the near future our two directions of research will be testing the code on actual avalanches and improving it by trying to make it cheaper without impairing its accuracy.

Effect of leakage and blockage on the acoustic behavior of particle filters

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-492
Author(s):  
Seonghyeon Baek ◽  
Iljae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Matrix ◽  
Particle Filters ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Filter System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Good Agreement

The effects of leakage and blockage on the acoustic performance of particle filters have been examined by using one-dimensional acoustic analysis and experimental methods. First, the transfer matrix of a filter system connected to inlet and outlet pipes with conical sections is measured using a two-load method. Then, the transfer matrix of a particle filter only is extracted from the experiments by applying inverse matrices of the conical sections. In the analytical approaches, the one-dimensional acoustic model for the leakage between the filter and the housing is developed. The predicted transmission loss shows a good agreement with the experimental results. Compared to the baseline, the leakage between the filter and housing increases transmission loss at a certain frequency and its harmonics. In addition, the transmission loss for the system with a partially blocked filter is measured. The blockage of the filter also increases the transmission loss at higher frequencies. For the simplicity of experiments to identify the leakage and blockage, the reflection coefficients at the inlet of the filter system have been measured using two different downstream conditions: open pipe and highly absorptive terminations. The experiments show that with highly absorptive terminations, it is easier to see the difference between the baseline and the defects.

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