scholarly journals EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET IN PANDEMIC REALITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Natalia Govorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
To Come ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Domestic Economies ◽  
The Eu

The beginning of 2020 was marked by an outbreak of the global pandemic COVID-19, which forced almost all governments to adopt restrictive measures in which social distance played a key role. In order to stop the spread of the virus and ensure the safety of people, many businesses were temporarily shut down and millions of workers were absent from their workplaces for long periods. So far, it is difficult to predict how much time, financial resources and effort it will take various actors to recover the world, European and domestic economies. Individual sectors and enterprises will continue to be adversely affected by the effects of the pandemic for a long time to come and will have to increase costs to ensure safety for operational process and labour force. The global impact of the coronavirus pandemic in social, economic, demographic, financial, political and other areas has yet to be comprehensively assessed and analyzed by experts. The article provides insight into analysis of the European labour market and measures adopted by the EU on smoothing the consequences of the coronavirus crisis in the social and labour spheres.

scholarly journals Are We Ready for the Arrival of the New COVID-19 Vaccinations? Great Promises and Unknown Challenges Still to Come

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Davide Gori ◽  
Chiara Reno ◽  
Daniel Remondini ◽  
Francesco Durazzi ◽  
Maria Pia Fantini
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
The Eu

While the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to strike and collect its death toll throughout the globe, as of 31 January 2021, the vaccine candidates worldwide were 292, of which 70 were in clinical testing. Several vaccines have been approved worldwide, and in particular, three have been so far authorized for use in the EU. Vaccination can be, in fact, an efficient way to mitigate the devastating effect of the pandemic and offer protection to some vulnerable strata of the population (i.e., the elderly) and reduce the social and economic burden of the current crisis. Regardless, a question is still open: after vaccination availability for the public, will vaccination campaigns be effective in reaching all the strata and a sufficient number of people in order to guarantee herd immunity? In other words: after we have it, will we be able to use it? Following the trends in vaccine hesitancy in recent years, there is a growing distrust of COVID-19 vaccinations. In addition, the online context and competition between pro- and anti-vaxxers show a trend in which anti-vaccination movements tend to capture the attention of those who are hesitant. Describing this context and analyzing its possible causes, what interventions or strategies could be effective to reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy? Will social media trend analysis be helpful in trying to solve this complex issue? Are there perspectives for an efficient implementation of COVID-19 vaccination coverage as well as for all the other vaccinations?

The Internal Market at a Social Turn? Social dumping and the protection of workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-420
Author(s):  
Catherine Jacqueson
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Internal Market ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Race To The Bottom ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

Free movement should in theory enable individuals to fight poverty at home by finding employment in another Member State. Yet, free movement is not always that easy and can in practice lead to social dumping in specific sectors where posted workers ultimately push salaries to the bottom. Such a race to the bottom might also arise outside a free movement context when workers are falsely qualified as self-employed thus undercutting wages. This article argues that EU economic law both creates risks of social dumping and remedies them. It calls for a rebalancing of the liberal ethos of the principle of free movement and competition law on the one hand, and the social objectives of the EU, on the other hand. A key question is whether it is possible to redress the balance between the economic and the social from within the internal market logic or whether the social push has to come from outside.

scholarly journals España y la UE: objetivo ideológico y proyecto político (1978-2018) // Spain and the EU: Ideological objective and political project (1978-2018)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (101) ◽  
pp. 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bar Cendón
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
European Constitution ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Single European Act ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Political Project ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Treaty Of Amsterdam ◽  
Second World

Resumen:El reingreso en el contexto europeo, del que España fue expulsada tras el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, ha sido durante largo tiempo el objeto del componente ideológico y del proyecto político de la práctica totalidad de las fuerzas políticas españolas. El ingreso de España en las Comunidades Europeas, en enero de 1986, vino a suponer la realización de ese objetivo ideológico y de ese proyecto político. Desde entonces, España experimentó importantes cambios que mejoraron notablemente su estructura económica, pero también otros aspectos políticos y sociales. Estos cambios han sido descritos y analizados por la doctrina científica con todo detalle y extensión. Este trabajo, sin embargo, trata de describir y analizar cuáles han sido las aportaciones de España al proceso de integración europeo y su desarrollo en cada fase del mismo, y lo hace partiendo precisamente de lo que fueron los planteamientos políticos e ideológicos de las principales fuerzas políticas del momento. Algo que no se ha hecho hasta el presente con la debida extensión e interés que merece el tema.Abstract:The return to the European context, from which Spain was expelled after the end of the Second World War, has been the object of the ideological component and of the political project of almost all of the Spanish political forces for a long time. The admission of Spain into the European Communities, in January 1986, meant the realization of that ideological objective and political project. Since then, Spain experienced important changes that significantly improved its economic structure, but also other political and social aspects. All of these changes have been extensively described and analyzed by the specialized literature. This paper, however, tries to describe and analyze Spain’s contributions to the European integration process at each phase of its development, and it does so departing precisely from a description of the political and ideological positions ofthe political forces of that period. This is something that has not been done so far, with the extension and interest that the subject deserves. Summary:1. Introduction. 2. Europe as an ideological objective. 3. Europe as a political project. A) The first step: The Single European Act. B) Citizenship and cohesion: The Treaty of Maastricht. C) The foreign role and the social policy: The Treaty of Amsterdam. D) Enhancing the institutional position: The Treaty of Nice. E) From toughness to concession: The European Constitution. F) Weakness and relocation: The Treaty of Lisbon. 4. Conclusion.

scholarly journals How can Europe tackle the three employment challenges: the digital, the climate and the pandemic transition?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
Kenneth Abrahamsson ◽  
Allan Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Content Quality ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Transition Mechanism ◽  
To Come ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Climate Transition

Abstract Never before in modern times has Working Europe been faced with such a fundamental and far-reaching transition pressure. We are in the beginning of two powerful transition processes, the innovation-driven digital transformation, and the policy-driven climate transition. On the top of these processes we are now facing a pandemic-driven restructuring of important sectors of our economies. Are our labour market regimes and policies fit for these challenges? Are we finally witnessing “the end of work” and an extended period of being Left Behind? Or can we build up capacities to deal with these three fundamental challenges? In this paper the authors discuss these issues based on the most recent labour market research and statistics and present some preliminary conclusions on the new forms of transition mechanism, and the scaling-up of European and national labour market transition policies as part of the Next Europe recovery strategy. It is not easy to predict the content, quality and volume of a skill development needs caused by the triple challenge of climate change, digitalisation, and Covid-19. We suggest, however, that the EU Commission should develop a transition capacity indicator corresponding to at least one fifth of the labour force and to recommend new springboards and bridges to work for the next years to come. We are convinced that this is the most productive and profitable investment Europe can do. Keywords: Digitalisation, climate change, green deal, Covid-19, just transition, skill gap

scholarly journals The social configuration of labour market divides: An analysis of Germany, Belgium and Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-223
Author(s):  
Nadja Doerflinger ◽  
Valeria Pulignano ◽  
Martin Lukac
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Labour Market Segmentation ◽  
Micro Foundations ◽  
Conditions Of Employment

We analyse insecurity-based dividing lines and their social configurations in the German, Belgian and Italian labour markets in 2015, using latent class analysis applied to EU Labour Force Survey data. In contrast to the dual vision of ‘insider-outsider’ approaches, our findings illustrate the existence of five distinctive labour market groups or segments across countries with similar social configurations. We explain this through the social embeddedness of national regulatory systems which generate different degrees of inclusiveness for different groups of workers. This adds to ongoing debates on connecting micro- and macro-levels of analysis, as labour market segmentation as a macro-phenomenon is studied based on its micro-foundations (terms and conditions of employment relationships). We use the interlinkages between national regulatory systems and social categories to explain the findings.

Changing Labour Market and Industrial Relations, Changing Times: Make in India and Ensuing Labour Reforms

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Kuriakose Mamkoottam
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
The Social ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
Unorganized Sector

This article argues that the ‘Make-in-India’ and the proposed labour reforms are unlikely to succeed given the unequal structure of the Indian labour market, with the large majority of the Indian labour force remaining in the unorganized sector and unprotected by the labour laws. It is further argued that the introduction of some of the proposed labour reforms are likely to create further imbalance in the bargaining power in favour of management, which may not help to develop a balanced labour market, and may further increase the social and economic inequality.

The temporary employed in Poland: Beneficiaries or victims of the liberal labour market?

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Pilc
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Temporary Employment ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Future Career ◽  
The Social ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

Poland has had the highest incidence of temporary employment among the EU countries since 2009. However, due to a lack of proper data, only a few empirical studies have been devoted to analyse the consequences of temporary employment for future career and economic prospects on the Polish labour market. In this study the data from the Social Diagnosis panel study for the years 2009–2013 are used in order to analyse these consequences. The results reveal that although the chances for the temporary employed of finding a permanent job increase and the risk of being unemployed decreases over time, the negative consequences of temporary employment for income and its perceived stability do not seem to diminish.

scholarly journals When two (or more) do not equal one: an analysis of the changing nature of multiple and single jobholding in Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 102425892110026
Author(s):  
Wieteke Conen ◽  
Paul de Beer
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

The scope and structure of multiple jobholding and its consequences for multiple jobholders are changing in many Western economies. Only limited quantitative empirical knowledge is currently available on the changing features of multiple jobholding and whether the economic vulnerability of multiple jobholders has been changing over time. In this article we focus on the position and trends of multiple jobholders compared with single jobholders in Europe. We study this in terms of working hours, workers’ desire to work more hours, and in-work poverty. To that end, we analyse data since the early 2000s from the EU Labour Force Survey and from the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. Our findings show that multiple jobholding is a significant and increasing labour market phenomenon in many advanced economies, with changing characteristics, for example in terms of gender distribution and combinations of contracts. In-work poverty is relatively high among non-standard workers, but the findings do not indicate a deteriorating trend effect. In-work poverty seems to be on the rise among people who are single, for both single jobholders and multiple jobholders.

scholarly journals Better times to come? Intergenerational class mobility of labour market entrants in Germany and the UK since the 1950s

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhat An Trinh ◽  
Erzsebet Bukodi
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Relative Mobility ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Social Fluidity

This study examines over-time trends in intergenerational class mobility based on cohorts of labour market entrants in Germany and the UK since the 1950s. We calculate absolute and relative mobility rates, separately for men and women, using the German Socio-Economic Panel (1984-2016), the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009-2016), and the UK Labour Force Survey (2014-2017). Regarding absolute mobility, we find marked country differences in upward and downward rates. In Germany, downward mobility decreased, while upward mobility rose. In the UK, downward mobility increased, while upward mobility declined. We provide evidence that these differences can be linked to contrasting changes in the distribution of origin and destination classes. Regarding relative mobility, striking country similarities appear. For both countries, we observe increases in social fluidity for respondents entering the labour market during the 1950s and 1960s that cease to continue for cohorts thereafter. Comparisons between adjacent cohorts do not provide evidence that social fluidity follows cyclical developments of the economy or shorter-term volatilities in the labour market.

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