scholarly journals Ocular ultrasonography for detection of posterior segment pathology in adult patients presenting with blurred vision

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-618
Author(s):  
Suaad Musa ◽  
Medya Sedeq
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Posterior Vitreous Detachment ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Retinal Hemorrhage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background and objective: Ocular posterior segment lesions can affect individuals of both sexes at all ages. Such lesions can lead to serious manifestations such as retinal detachment and retinal hemorrhage, leading to permanent loss of eyesight. This study aimed to determine the association between age and gender and changes in ocular posterior segment based on ultrasonography findings. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 50 patients with blurry vision who had been referred from ophthalmology outpatient clinics to the radiology department of Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil, Kurdistan region in Iraq. Required data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire, and the patients were examined using a high resolution 7.5-10 MHz linear array ultrasound transducer. Results: The most frequent complications associated with ocular posterior segment pathologies were old vitreous hemorrhage (72%), posterior vitreous detachment (36%), and retinal detachment (34%). Diabetes and hypertension were the most frequent diseases associated with ocular posterior segment pathology. A significant association was seen between the patients' age with old vitreous hemorrhage (P = 0.003). A significant association was seen between the patients’ medical conditions with old vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment. There was no significant correlation between the patients’ gender and the studied ocular posterior segment pathologies. Conclusion: Age has a strong correlation with old vitreous hemorrhage, chronic medical conditions such as diabetes, and hypertension correlated with old vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment. Keywords: Ocular ultrasonography; Posterior segment pathology; Blurred vision; Age; Gender.

Posterior Segment Pathologies in Patients with Ocular Trauma Using B-Scan Ultrasonography

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Sidra Tanweer ◽  
Afia Matloob Rana ◽  
Waseem Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Ocular Injury ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio

Purpose:  To determine the frequency of posterior segment pathologies caused by ocular trauma using B scan USG. Study Design:  Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study:  Holy family hospital, Rawalpindi, from September 2015 to March 2016. Methods:  One hundred patients of ocular trauma, 12 to 45 years of age were included in the study. Patients who had any posterior segment pathology prior to the ocular trauma were excluded. B scan was performed in all patients. The data was collected and analyzed using SPSS version 17. For all the categorical variables like gender, type and site of ocular injury, the side of eye involved, type of posterior segment pathology as detected on B Scan, frequencies and percentages were calculated. For the continuous variables like age and time since injury, mean and standard deviation were calculated. Results:  Mean age was30.43 ± 9.58 years. Majority of the patients (35.0%) were between 26 to 35 years of age. Out of these 100 patients, 73 were males and 27 were females with male to female ratio of 2.7:1. Vitreous hemorrhage was the most common and ocular pathology (38 patients). Retinal detachment was seen in 21 patients. Intra-ocular foreign bodies were seen in 12 patients. Conclusion:  Vitreous hemorrhage was the most common posterior segment pathology in ocular trauma followed by retinal detachment and intra-ocular foreign bodies. Key Words:  Trauma, B-scan, Vitreous hemorrhage, Retinal detachment.

scholarly journals Fuzzy logic use in classification of the severity of diabetic retinopathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Jesuino de Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Caroline Santos Franca ◽  
Rafael Andrade ◽  
Alcina Maria Vinhaes Bittencourt ◽  
Gabriela Correia Matos de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Posterior Vitreous Detachment ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hard Exudates

Purpose: Employ fuzzy logic to auxiliary in identification and diagnosis the gravity of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed, being assessed 100 diabetes mellitus patients with DR. The following ultrasound findings were measured employing a semi-quantitative punctuation method: vitreous hemorrhage, posterior vitreous detachment, epiretinal fibrosis, retinal detachment. The fundus photography (FP) aspects evaluated for diagnosis of DR were at least four or more microaneurysms with or without hard or soft exudates, and neovascularization, graded using the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Scale. With the combination between ultrasound punctuation and FP aspects through fuzzy logic, a classification for DR has been built. Results: Microaneurysms were the findings which presented the better interaction with the DR severity on ultrasound, while the hard exudates showed the minors estimation errors when compared to soft exudates. A classification for DR was suggested based on the 95% confidence interval of number of microaneurysms: mild group (< 24.6); moderately mild (24.6 - 48.0); moderate (48.1 - 64.5); moderately severe (64.6 - 77.0); severe (77.1 - 92.7); and very severe (> 92.7). Conclusion: By the fuzzy logic, a DR classification was constructed supported on number of microaneurysms measurement with a simple practical application. Keywords: Fuzzy logic; Ultrasound imaging; Fundus retinal image; Diabetic retinopathy; Diabetes mellitus.

Internal limiting membrane peel with or without finesse flex loop assistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Faisal Mehmood ◽  
Abdullah Irfan ◽  
Awais Afzal ◽  
Muhammad Moin ◽  
Muhammad Muneeb
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Internal Limiting Membrane ◽  
Retinal Hemorrhage ◽  
Ilm Peeling ◽  
Closure Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Retinal Tear ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surface Irregularities

Background: Internal Limiting Membrane (ILM) peeling, currently, due to more successful hole closure rate and prevention of postoperative reopening, has been accepted globally but it may leads to other trivial complications like subretinal and retinal hemorrhage, vitreous hemorrhage and retinal edema etc., which may be avoided by using adjuvant instruments, like Finesse flex Loop. The aim of this study was to compare complications after ILM peel, with and without finesse loop. Patients and methods: In this comparative cross-sectional study conducted in Ophthalmology Department of Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from February 2018 to January 2019, the data of thirty (30) patients was compared after taking informed consent through self-made pro-forma. Data analysis was done on SPSS-21. Frequency / percentage table of qualitative variables like retinal hemorrhage, retinal tear, retinal detachment and surface irregularities were designed by using excel-16. Fischer’s exact test was applied to compare complications after ILM peeling with and without using Finesse loop. Confidence interval of 0.95 with α of 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: This study included thirty (30) patients (female: 13; male: 17) with mean age of 56 years and 8 months. Comparison between outcomes of ILM peeling with and without using Finesse™ Flex Loop showed that there is statistically non-significant difference in occurrence of retinal hemorrhage (p=0.245), retinal tear (p=0.224), retinal detachment (p=1.00) and surface irregularities (p=0.39). However, the prevalence of complications like surface irregularities, retinal tear, retinal hemorrhage and retinal detachment with finesse loop were less as compared to without finesse loop. Conclusion: The prevalence of complications during ILM peel with finesse loop in a macular hole surgery, were less than that in ILM peel with ILM forceps alone.

scholarly journals Role of B-scan in management of ocular trauma

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-675
Author(s):  
Poorva Shrivastava ◽  
Lalit Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional

The present study aimed to study the effectiveness of B scan in assessing the posterior segment in patients with ocular trauma, so that further treatment plan can be decided and prognosis can be improved. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study at tertiary care centre during the study period of 1 year on 42 patients presenting with history of ocular trauma. Patients were subjected to detailed history and ocular examination followed by B scan ultrasonography for ruling out posterior segment pathology. Mean age of 42.7±20.2 years and 45.2% patients belonged to 41 to 60 years of age. About 54.8% cases were females. About 50% cases had one or the other posterior segment finding. Retinal detachment followed by vitreous hemorrhage were the most common findings, observed in 19% and 11.9% cases respectively. Avulsion of optic nerve was the least common finding (2.4%). B scan ultrasonography plays an important role in management of patients with ocular trauma for the detection of hidden posterior segment lesions. B scan must be performed routinely in all the cases of ocular trauma for early diagnosis and appropriate management of each case and to reduce the ocular morbidities.

scholarly journals Microperimetry-Assessed Functional Alterations and OCT-Changes in Patients after Retinal Detachment Surgery Using Pars Plana Vitrectomy and SF6 Tamponade

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1157
Author(s):  
María D. Díaz-Barreda ◽  
Isabel Bartolomé-Sesé ◽  
Ana Boned-Murillo ◽  
Antonio Ferreras ◽  
Elvira Orduna-Hospital ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Pars Plana Vitrectomy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Retinal Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Integrity Index ◽  
Pars Plana

Background: We study the retinal function measured by macular integrity assessment microperimetry (MAIA) and structural changes assessed by scanning swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) between healthy individuals and patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods: Cross-sectional study. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grids were measured by SS-OCT and compared with the MAIA parameters. Results: Thirty-eight eyes with RRD (19 macula-on and 19 macula-off) were compared with 113 healthy eyes. The retinal sensitivity and average total threshold were reduced in all sectors in the RRD group; macular integrity index was increased. Macular thicknesses in total retina and ganglion cell layer (GCL)++ protocols were higher in the RRD group in nasal outer (NO) and central (C) sectors and only in C sector for GCL+ protocol. Thicknesses were lower in total retina, GCL++ protocols in the temporal outer (TO) sector and in the GCL+ protocol in NO sector. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) correlated moderately with retinal sensitivity in all sectors and in just several sectors with time between the date of surgery and the test. The central nasal (CN) sector thickness and the average total threshold were higher in the macula-on subgroup. Conclusions: RRD and subsequent surgery results in functional and structural changes, especially in individuals with macular detachment.

Diagnostic Accuracy of HRCT Chest in Detection of Covid-19 Infection Taking PCR as Gold Standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1679-1681
Author(s):  
Afaque Ali ◽  
Majid Shaikh ◽  
Ahsanullah . ◽  
Adeel Ahmed ◽  
Abid Ali Sahito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head Of Department

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest in detection of covid-19 infection taking PCR as gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Radiology department of Tabba Hospital, Karachi. Duration: From March 2019 to September 2020 Material and Methods: All the clinically suspected patients of covid-19, of any age, both genders and those referred to radiology for High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest to detect the covid-19 infection were included. After two days, patients’ PCR reports were collected from the ward, after taking informed consent and permission from head of department. The diagnostic accuracy of HRCT was established with respect to sensitivity, PPV, NPV, and specificity by taking PCR as gold standard. All the information was collected via study proforma. Results: Total 70 patients suspected for COVID-19 were studied, and the patients’ mean age was 58.23±9.52 years. Males were in majority 54(77.1%). As per HRCT findings, COVID-19 infection was positive in 46 patients, however, 48 patients were detected positive for COVID-19 infection as per PCR findings. In the detection of COVID-19 infection, HRCT chest showed sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 90%, PPV of 83%, NPV of 84% and diagnostic accuracy of 94%; by taking PCR as gold standard. Conclusion: High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a reliable diagnostic approach in promptly detecting the COVID-19; with 91% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 83% positive predictive value, 84% negative predictive value and 94% diagnostic accuracy. Keywords: Accuracy, HRCT, COVID-19

Knowledge and Practices of Hypertensive/Diabetic Patients with Hyperlipidaemia in a Secondary Care Setting in Ebute Metta, Lagos State.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
E.I. Akinyemi ◽  
◽  
B.A, Aina
Keyword(s):  
Medical Condition ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Lifestyle Choices ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Secondary Care Setting

Background: Hypertension and diabetes are two chronic medical conditions which require aggressive management. When both diseases coexist with hyperlipidaemia, it poses a greater risk for cardiovascular disease than with either of the diseases alone. Self-management, a pillar of chronic disease management, is unachievable if patients are unaware or inadequately informed about their medical condition. Adequate information about a disease and its management will empower patients to manage their medical conditions better Objective: To assess hyperlipidaemia knowledge and practices among hypertensive/diabetic patients with hyperlipidaemia. Method: This study was conducted in a secondary healthcare facility in Lagos State. A cross-sectional study design was used. Data collection was done using researcher-administered questionnaires. An educational intervention was thereafter carried out. Verbal feedback on impact of intervention was received from all respondents. Frequency distribution and cross tabulations were generated using SPSS version 23.0 at significance level set at p<0.05. The knowledge-related questions were scored and converted to percentages. Scores below 50% were considered poor, while scores of 50 % and above were considered good. Results: The overall knowledge scoring revealed that more than half of the patients had poor knowledge of hyperlipidaemia. A significant association was observed between gender and knowledge of hyperlipidaemia (p<0.05); males having better knowledge. Patients had good practices such as good level of medication adherence and appropriate dietary and lifestyle choices necessary for effective hyperlipidaemia management. Conclusion: This study showed that knowledge of hyperlipidaemia is poor in this patient population, especially among the females though patients emonstrated good hyperlipidaemia practices.

scholarly journals Patients and Patients’ Relatives Perception of Cleanliness in Radiology Department of a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abacha ◽  
Isah Mustapha Nma ◽  
Sadiq Abubakar Audu ◽  
Abubakar Umar ◽  
Mohammed Dahiru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Examination Room

Background: Cleanliness and dirt are a dichotomy to categorize a particular environment especially hospital settings in which cleanliness pave a great linkage to patient satisfaction on quality of care and reduction of infection. Dirt creates negative thought on the quality of services being rendered to patients in the hospital environment. Objectives: To assess the perception of patients and their relatives on the level of cleanliness in radiology department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto and to determine which amongst the diagnostic rooms is the cleanest (Computed Tomography (CT) room, Routine X-rays room or contrast exams room (fluoroscopy)). Materials and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, 100 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents of which 66 in Routine xray room, 23 in CT suit and 11 in contrast examination room. Out of the 100 questionnaires nine were not returned and the remaining 91 were analysed. The questionnaire contains fifteen statements in total apart from the socio-demographic component. The count of responses was considered and for each type of response (SA, A, N, D, and SD) the percentage were calculated using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: Sixty percent of the respondents were patients while 40% were relatives of patients that were critically ill. The modal age range of the respondents was 25-34years, 58% were married, while 48.4% were civil servants. The result of our study shows that the respondents have adequate knowledge on cleanliness with a mean score of 4.3, they perceived radiology department as a clean environment for diagnosis and visitation but need further improvement. According to the findings, CT room was the cleanest (87.0%) followed by contrast examination room 64.0% and routine X-rays room was the least 47.0%. It also revealed that lack of manpower is the cause of inadequate sanitation. Conclusion: Radiology Department in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital is clean and the CT suit is the cleanest.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME AMONG UNDERGRADUATE PHYSICAL THERAPY STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Farah Deeba
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Visual Rehabilitation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Computer Vision Syndrome ◽  
Physical Therapy Student

BACKGROUND AND AIM Computers and other digital screens have become an integral part of our life. It raises various ocular problems in the user due to excessive screen time, this study aims to determine the frequency of computer vision syndrome (CVS) in population of under graduate physical therapy student. METHODOLOGY This was cross-sectional study conducted at Ziauddin College of Rehabilitation Sciences; Karachi during June 2019 to September 2020.A total number of 340 candidates of age 22 years ± 1.8 including both genders participated in this study. A questionnaire was designed to collect data which was statistically analyzed on SPSS version 20. Whereas descriptive data was calculated as mean, median, mode and standard deviation using graphical representations. RESULTS 88.5% of the students used mobile phones for study purpose out of which 35.3% use it for 4-7 hour and 33% use for 7 to 10 hours a day. The ocular symptoms that students face was burning of eyes (40%), tearing (55%), eye redness (45.3%), diplopia 31.8%, blurred vision (42.9%), eye dryness (23.8%), while extra ocular symptom that was noticed in the study included headache too was (67.9%). CONCLUSION This study showed that most of the students were found to have a CVS thus screen time guide lines and visual rehabilitation must established.

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