Chapter Three. Decision Making and Research Strategies

1989 ◽  
pp. 34-49
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Strategies

scholarly journals AN INTEGRATION OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES (SFM–GPR–TLS) AS A VIRTUAL TOOL FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL STRATEGY: THE CASE OF THE ROMAN SITE OF THE PLAZA DE LA MORERÍA IN SAGUNTO (SPAIN)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Francisco Buchón-Moragues ◽  
Josep Benedito Nuez ◽  
Francisco García García ◽  
José Manuel Melchor Monserrat
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
First Century ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Buried Structures ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Non Destructive Techniques

Integration of non-destructive techniques (NDTs) and archaeological documentation offers a high potential for contributing in archaeological research strategies. NDTs, in addition to mapping and accurately detecting a site, can be an important factor that influence decision making in archaeological strategies. This integration helps to understand spatial organisation and stratigraphic potential in order to make decisions about which levels to excavate and which to remove, especially when archaeological horizons are overlapping. This methodology is demonstrated through a study of the Roman site Plaza de la Morería located in the urban area of Sagunto (Spain). The main task was to design a suitable archaeological strategy to recover the Roman funerary space prior to the first century AD by deciding whether or not to remove the pavement of a domus from a third century AD that covered the burial remains. This article describes the methodology carried out through the combined use of NTDs based on the documented archaeological findings. The integration of the methods structure from motion (SFM), ground penetrating radar (GPR) and laser scanner (TLS), georeferenced on the same reference frame defined by topographic methods, was proposed. The high resolution of 2D and 3D virtual visalitation features of GPR technique made it possible to pinpoint and map the existence of Roman overlapped horizons and buried structures in study zone. The multidisciplinary study configured a flexible design that was crucial for adapting the strategies to each proposed phase to recover the Roman funerary space prior to the first century AD. This integration of NDTs and documented archaeological data can impact decision making process and decision made in archaeological strategies, opening new perspectives in interventions of location, study, management, conservation and planning in archaeological heritage research.

Behavioral Economics in Information Systems Research: Critical Analysis and Research Strategies

2021 ◽  
pp. 026839622110160
Author(s):  
David Arnott ◽  
Shijia Gao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Reference Theory ◽  
Intensive Investigation

Theories of decision-making have long been important foundations for information systems (IS) research and much of IS is concerned with information processing for decision making. The discipline of behavioral economics (BE) provides the dominant contemporary approach for understanding human decision-making. Therefore, it is logical that IS research that involves decision making should consider BE as foundation or reference theory. Surprisingly, and despite calls for greater use of BE in IS research, it seems that IS has been slow to adopt contemporary BE as reference theory. This paper reports a critical analysis of BE in all fields of IS based on an intensive investigation of quality IS research using bibliometric content analysis. The analysis shows that IS researchers have a general understanding of BE, but their use of the theories has an ad hoc feel where only a narrow range of BE concepts and theories tend to form the foundation of IS research. The factors constraining the adoption of BE theories in IS are discussed and strategies for the use of this influential foundation theory are proposed. Guidance is provided on how BE could be used in various aspects of IS. The paper concludes with the view that BE reference theory has the potential to transform significant areas of IS research.

scholarly journals Digital marketing communication in the age of globalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Renáta Bílková
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Intention To Purchase ◽  
Self Service ◽  
Internet Marketplace ◽  
Selection Of

Research background: The marketing perception has changed dramatically in recent years. Evolution of digital shopping and information technology generate new challenges. Internet marketing and social media have a significant impact on the behavior of consumers, and businesses are forced to look into new ways to play a role in each stage of the consumer’s decision-making process. Nowadays marketing is concerned with understanding people’s motivations and using these insights to create content and campaigns that engage and gain the attention of relevant users in the global Internet marketplace. Purpose of the article: Consumers use different research strategies when preparing to purchase a product. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the importance and relevance stages of the mapping customer decision-making process for better user experience and to segment users on the basis of their current intention to purchase goods. Methods: The research work is based mainly on the STDC framework, which is used for strategic and content planning in order to adapt ads to the decision-making phase in which the customer is located. For the purposes of the article and to obtain target information, a quantitative self-service questionnaire was created. The purpose of this questionnaire was to find out the steps in the selection of specific goods and the factors that influenced their final purchase. Findings & Value added: The article has a practical focus on the recommendations for marketing communication which will attract more consumers and increase competitiveness, which is relevant especially in the context of globalization.

scholarly journals THE EFFICACY OF DECENTRALISATION IN PROMOTING GOOD GOVERNANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-588
Author(s):  
Adams Sulemana Achanso
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
National Level ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Decision Making Processes

A country’s democratic process is considered to be on a sound footing when its citizens are able to meet their basic needs, such as access to quality health care, housing, infrastructure, education, job security and what have you. This is what gives credence to decentralisation as a mechanism for bringing governance to the door steps of the citizenry. Ghana introduced its current decentralised governance system since 1992 to devolve central government’s authority to the district level in order to bring governance close to the citizenry. This study assessed the efficacy of Ghana’s decentralisation system as a mechanism for promoting good governance using the Kpandai District of the Northern Region of Ghana as a case study. The study benefited from both secondary and primary data collected and analysed using both the quantitative and qualitative research strategies. The study suggested that citizens’ participation in both local and national level decision making processes were low mainly due to communication barriers between the electorates and their representatives. This was a result of inadequate public education or sensitisation on citizens’ participatory processes. The study, therefore, suggested the need for awareness creation on citizens’ rights to participate in decision making processes and elected representatives to report on their activities to their constituents as a way of feedback to allow citizens to demand their rights in order to enhance their wellbeing.

scholarly journals Decision making under uncertainty: exploration and exploitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
K.E. Sayfulina ◽  
G.L. Kozunova ◽  
V.A. Medvedev ◽  
A.M. Rytikova ◽  
B.V. Chernyshev
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Frontopolar Cortex ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Exploration Exploitation ◽  
Type Of Behavior ◽  
Neurophysiological Basis ◽  
High Uncertainty

Decision-making under conditions of the lack of sufficient information is associated with hypotheses construction, verification and refinement. In a novel environment subjects encounter high uncertainty; thus their behavior needs to be variable and aimed at testing the range of multiple options available; such variability allows acquiring information about the environment and finding the most beneficial options. This type of behavior is referred to as exploration. As soon as the internal model of the environment has been formed, the other strategy known as exploitation becomes preferential; exploitation presupposes using profitable options that have already been discovered by the subject. In a changing or complex (probabilistic) environment, it is important to combine these two strategies: research strategies to detect changes in the environment and utilization strategies to benefit from the familiar options. The exploration-exploitation balance is a hot topic in psychology, neurobiology, and neuroeconomics. In this review, we discuss factors that influence exploration-exploitation balance and its neurophysiological basis, decision-making mechanisms under uncertainty, and switching between them. We address the roles of major brain areas involved in these processes such as locus coeruleus, anterior cingulate cortex, frontopolar cortex, and we describe functions of some important neurotransmitters involved in these processes – dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine.

scholarly journals Determinants of physician networks: an ethnographic study examining the processes that inform patterns of collaboration and referral decision-making among physicians

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e042334
Author(s):  
Patrick Kierkegaard ◽  
Jason Owen-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Contextual Knowledge ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Academic Medical Centre ◽  
Referral Decision ◽  
Physician Networks

ObjectiveMost scholarly attention to studying collaborative ties in physician networks has been devoted to quantitatively analysing large, complex datasets. While valuable, such studies can reduce the dynamic and contextual complexities of physician collaborations to numerical values. Qualitative research strategies can contribute to our understanding by addressing the gaps left by more quantitative approaches. This study seeks to contribute to the literature that applies network science approaches to the context of healthcare delivery. We use qualitative, observational and interview, methods to pursue an in-depth, micro-level approach to the deeply social and discursive processes that influence patterns of collaboration and referral decision-making in physician networks.DesignQualitative methodologies that paired ethnographic field observations, semistructured interviews and document analysis were used. An inductive thematic analysis approach was used to analyse, identify and describe patterns in those data.SettingThis study took place in a high-volume cardiovascular department at a major academic medical centre (AMC) located in the Midwest region of the USA.ParticipantsPurposive and snowballing sampling were used to recruit study participants for both the observational and face-to-face in-depth interview portions of the study. In total, 25 clinicians and 43 patients participated in this study.ResultsTwo primary thematic categories were identified: (1) circumstances for external engagement; and (2) clinical conditions for engagement. Thematic subcategories included community engagement, scientific engagement, reputational value, experiential information, professional identity, self-awareness of competence, multidisciplinary programmes and situational factors.ConclusionThis study adds new contextual knowledge about the mechanisms that characterise referral decision-making processes and how these impact the meaning of physician relationships, organisation of healthcare delivery and the knowledge and beliefs that physicians have about their colleagues. This study highlights the nuances that influence how new collaborative networks are formed and maintained by detailing how relationships among physicians develop and evolve over time.

Discarding optimality: Throwing out the baby with the bathwater?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Simen ◽  
Fuat Balcı
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Reward Rate ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Standard Observer ◽  
Rate Maximization ◽  
Reward Rate Maximization ◽  
Descriptive Standard ◽  
Observer Model

AbstractRahnev & Denison (R&D) argue against normative theories and in favor of a more descriptive “standard observer model” of perceptual decision making. We agree with the authors in many respects, but we argue that optimality (specifically, reward-rate maximization) has proved demonstrably useful as a hypothesis, contrary to the authors’ claims.

LPCD framework: Analytical tool or psychological model?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Danks
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Bayesian Decision ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Psychological Model ◽  
Psychological Reality ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Bayesian Decision Making

AbstractThe target article uses a mathematical framework derived from Bayesian decision making to demonstrate suboptimal decision making but then attributes psychological reality to the framework components. Rahnev & Denison's (R&D) positive proposal thus risks ignoring plausible psychological theories that could implement complex perceptual decision making. We must be careful not to slide from success with an analytical tool to the reality of the tool components.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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