Are They Bloody Guilty? Blood Doping with Simulated Samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 328-332
Author(s):  
Parker E. Stuart ◽  
Kelsey D. Lees ◽  
Mark A. Milanick
Keyword(s):  
News Coverage ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Blood Doping ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
The World ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Olympic Athlete

In this practice-based lab, students are provided with four Olympic athlete profiles and simulated blood and urine samples to test for illegal substances and blood-doping practices. Throughout the course of the lab, students design and conduct a testing procedure and use their results to determine which athletes won their medals fairly. All of the materials, which simulate the blood, urine, and testing compounds, are available at the grocery store. This real-world problem engages students to think about blood doping, hormones associated with red-blood-cell production, and detection techniques employed by the World Anti-Doping Agency. The Olympics, as well as the news coverage of Lance Armstrong’s admission to blood doping in 2013, makes this lab more relevant to students’ lives, which is supported by our students’ reactions to the lab.

scholarly journals Blood doping and its detection

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 2395-2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Jelkmann ◽  
Carsten Lundby
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Red Blood Cell Transfusion ◽  
Blood Doping ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
Hemoglobin Mass ◽  
Maximal Exercise Capacity ◽  
Blood Profiles

AbstractHemoglobin mass is a key factor for maximal exercise capacity. Some athletes apply prohibited techniques and substances with intent to increase hemoglobin mass and physical performance, and this is often difficult to prove directly. Autologous red blood cell transfusion cannot be traced on reinfusion, and also recombinant erythropoietic proteins are detectable only within a certain timeframe. Novel erythropoietic substances, such as mimetics of erythropoietin (Epo) and activators of the Epo gene, may soon enter the sports scene. In addition, Epo gene transfer maneuvers are imaginable. Effective since December 2009, the World Anti-Doping Agency has therefore implemented “Athlete Biologic Passport Operating Guidelines,” which are based on the monitoring of several parameters for mature red blood cells and reticulocytes. Blood doping may be assumed, when these parameters change in a nonphysiologic way. Hematologists should be familiar with blood doping practices as they may play an important role in evaluating blood profiles of athletes with respect to manipulations, as contrasted with the established diagnosis of clinical disorders and genetic variations.

Prohibition of artificial hypoxic environments in sports: health risks rather than ethics

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1206-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lippi ◽  
Massimo Franchini ◽  
Gian Cesare Guidi
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Blood Doping ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Position ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
Performance Enhancing

There is actual debate on a recent position of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), which has cautiously refrained from banning hypoxic tents and intends to monitor their health risk. Regardless of teleological and deontological concepts, we highlight that the health risks inherent to the widespread use of these artificial performance-enhancing devices would make them as unsafe as other forms of blood doping.

The Peeing Pitcher: An Inquiry-Based, Laboratory Case Study of the Endocrine and Renal Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-392
Author(s):  
Parker Stuart ◽  
Kelsey Stuart ◽  
Mark Milanick
Keyword(s):  
Grocery Store ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Feedback Systems ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
Urine Production ◽  
Patient Prognosis

In this inquiry-based lab, students are provided with a case study involving a young boy with a head injury exhibiting various symptoms, as well as simulated blood and urine samples to help diagnose the boy's disease. Throughout the course of the lab, students research, design, and conduct a series of tests culminating in a patient prognosis. All of the materials, which simulate the blood, urine, and testing compounds, are readily available at the grocery store or online. This real-world problem engages the students to think about negative feedback systems, patient symptoms, the hormones associated with blood glucose levels and urine production, as well as the detection techniques employed by physicians to diagnose patients. Diagnostic methods, testing procedures, and the disease itself make this lab extraordinarily relevant to the lives of students, as evidenced by our students’ reactions to the lab.

The spirit of sport, morality, and hypoxic tents: logic and authenticity

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cruise Malloy ◽  
Robert Kell ◽  
Rod Kelln
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Blood Doping ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
Moral Behaviour ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Spirit Of Sport

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has recently made a decision to allow the use of hypoxic tents amid a significant amount of controversy over the morality of their use for athletic training purposes. Currently, altitude training is considered moral, but other means of improving aerobic performance are not; for example, blood doping. Altitude training and blood doping have similar results, but the methods by which the results are achieved differ greatly. The controversy lies in how the use of a hypoxic device falls within WADA’s philosophy, which will then dictate future policy. This paper discusses the influence of a hypoxic environment on human physiology, altitude training’s influence on athletic performance, the concept of authentic physiology, and moral behaviour that is the foundation for logical debate.

WADA and Doping in World Sport

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Second World War ◽  
International Governance ◽  
The World ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Regulatory Powers ◽  
Second World

Performance enhancement in sport has a long and controversial history. Although several organizations enacted prohibitions on the subject of doping prior to the Second World War, public scrutiny on the issue remained relatively light until the second half of the twentieth century. Beginning in the 1960s, officials passed a number of regulatory measures with the twin goals of protecting the health of athletes and ensuring the fairness of competitions. Due partially to the effects of Cold War political rivalries, the use of drugs by athletes nevertheless remained widespread in the world of sport. This policy situation changed dramatically with the end of the superpower conflict in 1991, however. The following decade was marked by increasingly vociferous calls for reform from outside the international governance structure for sport. In February of 1999, regulatory powers over the subject were centralized in a new organization called the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).

scholarly journals Managing compliance with the World Anti-Doping Code: China’s strategies and their implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien-Chin Tan ◽  
Alan Bairner ◽  
Yu-Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
High Price ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
The World ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Year

With the problems of doping in sport becoming more serious, the World Anti-Doping Code was drafted by the World Anti-Doping Agency in 2003 and became effective one year later. Since its passage, the Code has been renewed four times, with the fourth and latest version promulgated in January 2015. The Code was intended to tackle the problems of doping in sports through cooperation with governments to ensure fair competition as well as the health of athletes. To understand China’s strategies for managing compliance with the Code and also the implications behind those strategies, this study borrows ideas from theories of compliance. China’s high levels of performance in sport, judged by medal success, have undoubtedly placed the country near the top of the global sports field. Therefore, how China acts in relation to international organizations, and especially how it responds to the World Anti-Doping Agency, is highly significant for the future of elite sport and for the world anti-doping regime. Through painstaking efforts, the researchers visited Beijing to conduct field research four times and interviewed a total of 22 key sports personnel, including officials at the General Administration of Sports of China, the China Anti-Doping Agency, and individual sport associations, as well as sport scholars and leading officials of China’s professional sports leagues. In response to the World Anti-Doping Agency, China developed strategies related to seven institutional factors: ‘monitoring’, ‘verification’, ‘horizontal linkages’, ‘nesting’, ‘capacity building’, ‘national concern’ and ‘institutional profile’. As for the implications, the Chinese government is willing and able to comply with the World Anti-Doping Agency Code. In other words, the Chinese government is willing to pay a high price in terms of money, manpower and material resources so that it can recover from the disgrace suffered as a result of doping scandals in the 1990s. The government wants to ensure that China’s prospects as a participant, bidder and host of mega sporting events are not compromised, especially as the host of the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.

scholarly journals Can a Person with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder be an Athlete?

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Alexandru Robert Vlad ◽  
Andreea Ioana Lungu
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Elite Athlete ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorder ◽  
Occupational Functioning ◽  
Stimulant Drugs ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The World ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency

AbstractAttention-deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder that impairs academic, social and occupational functioning in children, adolescents and adults. It is characterized by excessive activity, restlessness, and nervousness. The disease occurs in general at children before the age of 7 and usually is not easy to be detected, due to various symptoms. When the diagnosis is established the physician can prescribe two types of drugs, stimulants: amphetamine, dexamphetamine, lisdexamphetamine, methylphenidate, and non-stimulants such as: guanfacine, atomoxetine, and clonidine. So what can be done for a person who has ADHD, and wants to be an elite athlete? Due to the rules established by the World Anti-Doping Agency the stimulant drugs are prohibited in competition and if traces of a prohibited substance are detected in the sample of blood of the athlete his access to competition can be blocked from 2-4 years, from that date of the incident. Fortunately for some athletes the disease was acute in childhood but as they grew up the symptoms were reminiscent and they could concentrate at the sporting task that was supposed to be achieved. What about those athletes that still have the symptoms? Well, they can be treated with the non-stimulant drugs, but their doctor must monthly verify if the list of prohibited drugs has been changed. In conclusion we can say that ADHD can be an impediment, but with the help of parents, teachers, and physicians the athlete can achieve very good performances.

Event Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 226-238
Author(s):  
Sohail Anwar ◽  
Chongming Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Event Detection ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
The World

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have experienced an amazing evolution during the last decade. Compared with other wired or wireless networks, wireless sensor networks extend the range of data collection and make it possible for us to get information from every corner of the world. The chapter begins with an introduction to WSNs and their applications. The chapter recognizes event detection as a key component for WSN applications. The chapter provides a structured and comprehensive overview of various techniques used for event detection in WSNs. Existing event detection techniques have been grouped into threshold based and pattern based mechanisms. For each category of event detection mechanism, the chapter surveys some representative technical schemes. The chapter also provides some analyses on the relative strengths and weaknesses of these technical schemes. Towards the end, the trends in the research regarding the event detection in WSNs are described.

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