scholarly journals Pitfalls or Windfalls in China’s Belt and Road Economic Outreach?

Asian Survey ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-709
Author(s):  
Romi Jain
Keyword(s):  
Financial Integration ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Potential Outcomes ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Academic Exchange ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Active Debate ◽  
Ancient Silk Road

In just over six years, China’s Belt and Road Initiative has swiftly expanded to vast swaths of the globe, with as many as 138 countries signing on. In 2017, President Xi Jinping’s signature project was incorporated into the Chinese constitution, assuming extraordinary significance as the “project of the century.” China has couched the program in multilateral terms, with a promise of shared benefits through road and maritime connectivity projects, reviving the ancient Silk Road and revivifying the spirit of commercial, cultural and academic exchange. Cooperation among member countries is envisaged in policy coordination, facilities connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and people-to-people bonds. However, an active debate has ensued surrounding China’s motivations and the initiative’s potential outcomes for the host countries. Against this backdrop, I examine the economic implications for host countries and regions, using a geo-economic analytical framework.

scholarly journals Aligning China’s Belt and Road Initiative with Saudi Arabia’s 2030 Vision: Opportunities and Challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 363-379
Author(s):  
Juan Chen ◽  
Meng Shu ◽  
Shaobiao Wen
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Strategic Alignment ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Political Economic

Based on an examination of mutual perceptions between China and Saudi Arabia toward each other’s development strategy, especially through the lens of government officials, journalists, and scholars, this article argues that great progress has been achieved in key areas of strategic alignment between China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Saudi Arabia’s 2030 Vision, including policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and people-to-people exchanges. Meanwhile, political, economic, security and social risks remain prominent in the process of China-Saudi strategic alignment which need to be managed by appropriate measures.

scholarly journals The China-Italy Comprehensive Strategic Partnership: Overview and Pathways to Progress

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Men Honghua ◽  
Jiang Pengfei
Keyword(s):  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
Global Arena

2020, the year that the world was engulfed by the Covid-19 pandemic, was also the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and Italy. The China-Italy comprehensive strategic partnership plays an important role in deepening China-EU cooperation, advancing the Belt and Road Initiative, and building a community with a shared future for humanity. China-Italy relations should be studied within the analytical framework of strategic partnership which has gained traction in China’s foreign policy narrative. Beijing’s pursuit of strategic partnerships aims at forging stable and enduring relations that are driven by common interests in a world of proliferating challenges and geopolitical uncertainties. While making steady progress, the partnership is also facing multi-dimensional challenges. China and Italy should strengthen strategic dialogue to build mutual trust and constantly improve their institutionalized cooperation. Economically, they should work out broader areas for collaboration and better manage their competition to achieve win-win results. At the level of people-to-people exchange, mutual understanding and trust should be enhanced to eliminate misconception and prejudice. At the regional level, the China-EU-Italy trilateral relationship should be consolidated to shield bilateral cooperation from the volatility of China-EU relations. In the global arena, China and Italy should also step up efforts to catalyze international financial reforms and address global challenges such as climate change, economic governance, and global public health emergencies by improving policy coordination and aligning global strategies.

scholarly journals Defining the Building Blocks and the Priority Areas for Cooperation Under the Belt and Road Initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Yaktor Joshua Inusa ◽  
Doris Hooi Chyee Toe ◽  
Kum Weng Yong
Keyword(s):  
Financial Integration ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Collective Development ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a China’s endeavour to globally connect the countries along two major routes. This paper examines the keywords defining the building blocks and priority areas under the BRI and their relationship in order to foster a practical understanding of the BRI for enhancing regional cooperation and connectivity along the routes. The methodology employed was a systematic literature review involving four stages. Firstly, a broad search in the Scopus database (2016-2020) using BRI or similar terms returned n=1,710 articles which were further limited using the keywords: building blocks, priority areas, policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration and people-to-people exchange. Other keywords considered were community and Silk Road. The articles were then screened and assessed resulting in 155 articles reviewed in this study. The review reveals that while the building blocks are the aim motivating the BRI, hence the spirit behind it, the five priority areas provide practical methods through which China and other countries along the Belt and Road routes will focus their collective development. The relationship between the two aspects owes to the fact that people are involved at all spheres of the initiative bringing about emphasis on the people-to-people exchange which is a core part of social dimension in sustainable development. In contribution, this paper presents a unique perspective for looking at the BRI for a focused discussion of its cooperative framework which could serve as a foundation for further research in various sectors

scholarly journals Heilongjiang Province’s Engagement in BRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-21
Author(s):  
S. Linlin
Keyword(s):  
Financial Integration ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Belt And Road

As one of the nine border provinces in the country, Heilongjiang Province has 2,981 kilometres of RussianRussian border and 25 national first-class ports. In the past five years, Heilongjiang Province, based on the prominent geographical position in the core of Northeast Asia, has actively promoted the national strategy of the Belt and Road Initiative, deepened on open cooperation with countries in the Northeast Asia, and focused on developing economic cooperation and trade with Russia while building a new pattern of openness to the outside world. This paper in detail elaborates the progress of Heilongjiang Province’s participation in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in aspect of “five links” construction, namely, policy coordination, connectivity of infrastructure, unimpeded trade, financial integration and closer people-to-people ties, since the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013, and further proposes feasible countermeasures.

scholarly journals Study on the New Mode of Cultural Diversity Communication and Cooperation in "The Belt and Road Initiative" Construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Peilan Peng ◽  
Zewei Fang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

<p>The implementation of "the Belt and Road Initiative" requires the development of the "five - connectivity" construction of policy coordination, facilities connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, heart-to-heart communication. Among which, heart-to-heart communication is the premise. In addition, cultural transmission and cooperation is the foundation and guarantee for the construction of heart-to-heart communication contents and methods. What we need to do is to make clear the opportunities and challenges we are faced with and to make a far-reaching strategic deployment and adopt feasible measures and implementing approaches. Some domestic scholars do carry out some researches on the area of cultural communication and analyze some opportunities and challenges confronted. It lacks the analysis on the diversity of the means of cultural transmission and cooperation. The paper proposes an in-depth exploration and research on the implementing approaches and security measures, and it tries to construct a new integrated mode of cultural diversity communication and exchange, so as to promote the implementation of cultural transmission and cooperation to enhance the community of shared interests of "the Belt and Road Initiative".</p>

scholarly journals مبادرة الحزام والطريق: نشأة وأهداف / The Belt and Road Initiative: Origin and Objectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Ding Long
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Abstract The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a strategy initiated by Chinese government that seeks to connect Asia with Africa and Europe via land and maritime networks with the aim of increasing commercial exchange, stimulating economic growth and improving regional integration. The BRI comprises a Silk Road Economic Belt and a 21st century Maritime Silk Road. The initiative defines five major priorities, namely policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and people-to-people bonds. The BRI has been associated with large investment programs in infrastructure projects. It is also an increasingly important umbrella mechanism for China’s bilateral trade with BRI partners.

Latin America: The East Wing of the New Silk Road

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-62
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Valderrey ◽  
Miguel A. Montoya ◽  
Adriana Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Current Status ◽  
East Wind ◽  
History Of ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

As the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), or the New Silk Road, as commonly known in Western countries, continues to grow in size and scope, some questions remain unanswered. Most skepticism arises about the primary purpose of the project, the contribution of members countries to the overall initiative, or the involvement of those territories that are neither touched by the land or the maritime side of the project. Latin America, for example, has significant interaction with China, but few countries may soon join the project. After taking a glance on the history of the Silk Road and the new project, we look at the current status of the BRI, and one of the main issues of concern which is the lack of homogenous contribution to the initiative. For that matter, we propose a much-needed adjustment to the BRI, using a new tool for evaluating the participation of member countries. Comparisons take into account the five collaboration variables established as the building blocks of the BRI: policy coordination, facilities connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and people-to-people bond. To make a more detailed analysis, we include two measurement criteria per variable, which can be used either to test for suitability of new or existing members of the New Silk Road. A second issue under study is the feasibility analysis of the extension of the initiative into Latin America. We use the proposed mechanism comparing 10 active members of the BRI versus 10 countries in Latin America. Results show the adequacy of the region to join the initiative. Indeed, we demonstrate that Latin America is suitable to be the East Wind of the BRI.

The Belt and Road Initiative: Goals and Challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Adnan Khalaf i Hammed Al-Badrani ◽  
Hind Ziyad Nafeih
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Ancient Silk Road ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative is an initiative to revive the ancient Silk Road, through networks of land and sea roads, oil and gas pipelines, electric power lines, the Internet and airports, to create a model of regional and international cooperation.       It is essentially a long-term development strategy, launched by the Chinese president in 2013 to become the main engine of Chinese domestic policy and foreign diplomacy and within the framework of the soft power strategy, to enhance its position and influence in the world as a peaceful and responsible country.   The study includes identifying the initiative and setting goals for China, as well as the challenges and difficulties that hinder the initiative.

scholarly journals Return Migrants’ Impact in Economic Development of the Origin Country

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Alkida Ndreka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Return Migrants ◽  
The 1960S

Migration has reciprocal economic implications between the origin and host countries. While scholars draw attention to the globalization of migration, since the 1960s there is a perpetual debate about the migration and development nexus. The role of international migrants and their financial remittances are identified as having a highly positive effect on the home country’s development. Emigrants’ remittances tangibly benefit the income for the families in the home country and investments in different sectors (housing, education, health, entrepreneurship, etc.). Next to remittances, returned migrants, especially those highly skilled are recognized as actors and drivers of significant economic development in the homeland. The contribution of return migrants to the development in origin countries can be beneficial not simply by investing the financial capital they accumulated during the migration cycle but also by the transferring of expertise, knowledge and new skills acquired abroad, and acting as social change agents in the home society. Empirical studies indicate a positive relationship between return migration and entrepreneurial activity, therefore enterprises can be a substantial contributor, among others, to economic growth and alleviating poverty of the origin country. Governments and policymakers are increasingly interested in the issue of return migration and return migration policies that attract and facilitate the returnee’s reintegration. Reintegration programs, especially those in the business sector, benefit the development of the origin country through savings, investments, easing of entrepreneurial opportunities and the expertise of returnees. This paper aims to identify whether return migration is beneficial for the origin country and especially to analyze the role of return migrant’s in the economic development of the origin country through engaging in entrepreneurial activity

Economic thought at the European Commission and the creation of EMU (1957-1991)

2011 ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Ivo Maes
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Monetary Integration ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Monetary Cooperation ◽  
Stabilisation Policies

To understand macroeconomic and monetary thought at the European Commission, two elements are crucial: firstly, the Rome Treaty, as it determined the mandate of the Commission and, secondly, the economic ideas in the different countries of the European Community, as economic thought at the Commission was to a large extent a synthesis and compromise of the main schools of thought in the Community. Initially, economic thought at the Commission was mainly a fusion of French and German ideas, with a certain predominance of French ideas. Later, Anglo-Saxon ideas would gain ground. At the beginning of the 1980s, the Commission's analytical framework became basically medium-term oriented, with an important role for supply-side and structural elements and a more cautious approach towards discretionary stabilisation policies. This facilitated the process of European integration, in the monetary area too, as consensus on stabilityoriented policies was a crucial condition for EMU. Over the years, the Commission has taken its role as guardian of the Treaties and initiator of Community policies very seriously, not least in the monetary area. It has always advocated a strengthening of economic policy coordination and monetary cooperation. In this paper, we first focus on the different schools which have been shaping economic thought at the Commission. This is followed by an analysis of the Rome Treaty, especially the monetary dimension. Thereafter, we go into the EMU process and the initiatives of the Commission to further European monetary integration. We will consider three broad periods: the early decades, the 1970s, and the Maastricht process.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document