scholarly journals Aligning China’s Belt and Road Initiative with Saudi Arabia’s 2030 Vision: Opportunities and Challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 363-379
Author(s):  
Juan Chen ◽  
Meng Shu ◽  
Shaobiao Wen
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Strategic Alignment ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Political Economic

Based on an examination of mutual perceptions between China and Saudi Arabia toward each other’s development strategy, especially through the lens of government officials, journalists, and scholars, this article argues that great progress has been achieved in key areas of strategic alignment between China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Saudi Arabia’s 2030 Vision, including policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and people-to-people exchanges. Meanwhile, political, economic, security and social risks remain prominent in the process of China-Saudi strategic alignment which need to be managed by appropriate measures.

scholarly journals Defining the Building Blocks and the Priority Areas for Cooperation Under the Belt and Road Initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Yaktor Joshua Inusa ◽  
Doris Hooi Chyee Toe ◽  
Kum Weng Yong
Keyword(s):  
Financial Integration ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Collective Development ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a China’s endeavour to globally connect the countries along two major routes. This paper examines the keywords defining the building blocks and priority areas under the BRI and their relationship in order to foster a practical understanding of the BRI for enhancing regional cooperation and connectivity along the routes. The methodology employed was a systematic literature review involving four stages. Firstly, a broad search in the Scopus database (2016-2020) using BRI or similar terms returned n=1,710 articles which were further limited using the keywords: building blocks, priority areas, policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration and people-to-people exchange. Other keywords considered were community and Silk Road. The articles were then screened and assessed resulting in 155 articles reviewed in this study. The review reveals that while the building blocks are the aim motivating the BRI, hence the spirit behind it, the five priority areas provide practical methods through which China and other countries along the Belt and Road routes will focus their collective development. The relationship between the two aspects owes to the fact that people are involved at all spheres of the initiative bringing about emphasis on the people-to-people exchange which is a core part of social dimension in sustainable development. In contribution, this paper presents a unique perspective for looking at the BRI for a focused discussion of its cooperative framework which could serve as a foundation for further research in various sectors

scholarly journals Heilongjiang Province’s Engagement in BRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-21
Author(s):  
S. Linlin
Keyword(s):  
Financial Integration ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Belt And Road

As one of the nine border provinces in the country, Heilongjiang Province has 2,981 kilometres of RussianRussian border and 25 national first-class ports. In the past five years, Heilongjiang Province, based on the prominent geographical position in the core of Northeast Asia, has actively promoted the national strategy of the Belt and Road Initiative, deepened on open cooperation with countries in the Northeast Asia, and focused on developing economic cooperation and trade with Russia while building a new pattern of openness to the outside world. This paper in detail elaborates the progress of Heilongjiang Province’s participation in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in aspect of “five links” construction, namely, policy coordination, connectivity of infrastructure, unimpeded trade, financial integration and closer people-to-people ties, since the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013, and further proposes feasible countermeasures.

scholarly journals Study on the New Mode of Cultural Diversity Communication and Cooperation in "The Belt and Road Initiative" Construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Peilan Peng ◽  
Zewei Fang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

<p>The implementation of "the Belt and Road Initiative" requires the development of the "five - connectivity" construction of policy coordination, facilities connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, heart-to-heart communication. Among which, heart-to-heart communication is the premise. In addition, cultural transmission and cooperation is the foundation and guarantee for the construction of heart-to-heart communication contents and methods. What we need to do is to make clear the opportunities and challenges we are faced with and to make a far-reaching strategic deployment and adopt feasible measures and implementing approaches. Some domestic scholars do carry out some researches on the area of cultural communication and analyze some opportunities and challenges confronted. It lacks the analysis on the diversity of the means of cultural transmission and cooperation. The paper proposes an in-depth exploration and research on the implementing approaches and security measures, and it tries to construct a new integrated mode of cultural diversity communication and exchange, so as to promote the implementation of cultural transmission and cooperation to enhance the community of shared interests of "the Belt and Road Initiative".</p>

scholarly journals مبادرة الحزام والطريق: نشأة وأهداف / The Belt and Road Initiative: Origin and Objectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Ding Long
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Abstract The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a strategy initiated by Chinese government that seeks to connect Asia with Africa and Europe via land and maritime networks with the aim of increasing commercial exchange, stimulating economic growth and improving regional integration. The BRI comprises a Silk Road Economic Belt and a 21st century Maritime Silk Road. The initiative defines five major priorities, namely policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and people-to-people bonds. The BRI has been associated with large investment programs in infrastructure projects. It is also an increasingly important umbrella mechanism for China’s bilateral trade with BRI partners.

scholarly journals Strategic Synergy between Egypt “Vision 2030” and China’s “Belt and Road” Initiative

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
National Development ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Vision 2030 ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Belt And Road

China and Egypt have established diplomatic relations for 62 years. In 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward the “Belt and Road” Initiative (BRI) and welcomed countries along the routes to take part in co-operations in the framework of the BRI. And in 2014, Egyptian new-elected President Sisi visited China and both sides improved the bilateral relationship to the comprehensive strategic partnership. Then in 2016, Egyptian President Sisi launched a new national development strategy named “Egypt Vision 2030”. Therefore China and Egypt want to look for suitable areas to cooperate according to these two plans. In this case, this paper analyzes the implementation of the strategic synergy between the BRI and “Egypt Vision 2030”, including the introduction to the “Egypt Vision 2030”, the mutual cognition of the developmental strategies of China and Egypt, the outcomes achieved and the risks faced by the synergy between the strategies of these two countries, and then considers that both China and Egypt welcome and support each other’s developmental strategy. At present, the synergy between the two countries’ strategies has made significant achievements under the frequent promotion of top leaders, but there are also political, economic and security risks in the process of strategic synergy, which still hinder thesynergy.

The Belt and Road Initiative: Goals and Challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Adnan Khalaf i Hammed Al-Badrani ◽  
Hind Ziyad Nafeih
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Ancient Silk Road ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative is an initiative to revive the ancient Silk Road, through networks of land and sea roads, oil and gas pipelines, electric power lines, the Internet and airports, to create a model of regional and international cooperation.       It is essentially a long-term development strategy, launched by the Chinese president in 2013 to become the main engine of Chinese domestic policy and foreign diplomacy and within the framework of the soft power strategy, to enhance its position and influence in the world as a peaceful and responsible country.   The study includes identifying the initiative and setting goals for China, as well as the challenges and difficulties that hinder the initiative.

scholarly journals The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Latin America and the Caribbean

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanbo Li ◽  
Xufeng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Belt And Road

During the initial implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (the 2030 Agenda), the Second Ministerial Meeting of the Forum of China and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) was held in Santiago, Chile, in January 2018. During this forum, China officially invited 33 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) to join the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This study links three important global governance issues: The 2030 Agenda, China-LAC relations and BRI. The authors attempt to analyze how China’s BRI in the LAC region can learn from the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations with 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs). This study shows that although China and the LAC region have strong political, economic and trade relationships, they must deepen dialogues and cooperation on sustainable development, especially the 2030 Agenda with 17 SDGs, which can be inspirations for China’s BRI in this region. BRI, which aligns with the 2030 Agenda and contributes to Chinese experience in development, can generate new opportunities for the LAC region to implement such an agenda. However, the challenges and risks of BRI cannot be ignored, and adequate answers and solutions should be provided to allow BRI to achieve a win–win outcome for China and LAC countries. The authors also examine the alignment of China’s policies towards LAC and BRI with the 2030 Agenda (17 SDGs) and the involvement of each SDG in these policies as the 2030 Agenda (17 SDGs) should be considered in policy-making for China’s BRI in the LAC region. Moreover, on the basis of previous analyses, suggestions for a successful BRI in the LAC region in six sectors are proposed in the context the 2030 Agenda.

It’s All about the Coalition

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-354
Author(s):  
Sovinda Po ◽  
Christopher B. Primiano
Keyword(s):  
International System ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Negative View ◽  
The World ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Media ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Strategic Goal

Abstract Since its creation in 2013, China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has received ample attention in the media and from government officials and scholars. Many different, and often polarising, views exist on BRI. While some view it as China’s grand strategic goal of remaking the world in its own image, others perceive it as consistent with the international system. Using interviews conducted in Cambodia and an examination of press sources, this article draws from the selectorate theory to examine both why the Cambodian government is siding with China regarding economic ties, specifically regarding BRI, and the impact that is having on popular perception in Cambodia. The small coalition in Cambodia that Hun Sen seeks to placate results in a negative view among a significant segment of the Cambodian populace regarding Cambodia’s relations with China, and Chinese investments in particular.

scholarly journals The Impact of Energy Cooperation and the Role of the One Belt and Road Initiative in Revolutionizing the Geopolitics of Energy among Regional Economic Powers: An Analysis of Infrastructure Development and Project Management

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Wu Hao ◽  
Syed Mehmood Ali Shah ◽  
Ahsan Nawaz ◽  
Ali Asad ◽  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Energy Cooperation ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines how the latest mega plan and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) will impact the geopolitics of energy and infrastructural development. With a massive change in the supply and demand of global energy and its infrastructure, the transition of international energy order is in the making. While the US is going towards a more isolationist path from its traditional superpower role, there are rising economies such as China, India, Japan, and Russia which are undoubtedly playing a vital role in the geopolitical stage and the other development endeavors. Several regions such as Central Asia, the Arctic, Eastern Mediterranean, and the South China Sea are offering substantial natural gas and oil reserves and drawing global attention to develop energy cooperation. This situation is profoundly influencing the transition of energy order. In this transition, BRI is supposed to play an important role. As a mega development strategy with a robust geostrategic dimension, it purposes to advocate interconnectivity collaboration in framework, exchange, and advancement among the partaking nations. This super arrangement offers a lot of ventures, foundation developments, and modern reconciliation in the energy sector. The country is trying to establish a multilateral platform for endorsing and shielding energy cooperation under BRI. This paper, therefore, attempts to observe how this mega plan will contribute to reshaping the existing energy order as well as the geopolitics of energy with motivation on multifaceted energy collaboration.

scholarly journals China–Qatar Strategic Partnership and the Realization of One Belt, One Road Initiative

China Report ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-102
Author(s):  
Mordechai Chaziza
Keyword(s):  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Financial Cooperation ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Gulf Crisis ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

China–Qatar ties have strengthened considerably in recent years. The relationship between the two countries has seen steady and smooth bilateral development in the political, economic and cultural fields; in trade, energy and other areas and has given active play to the complementarities between the two economies. This study wants to examine the motivation behind Beijing’s measures to formalise a strategic partnership with Qatar to understand the impact and the extent of the Qatar-Gulf crisis on Doha engagement and integration within the Belt and Road Initiative. China’s measures to formalise strategic partnerships with Qatar includes seven major areas for cooperation: policy coordination, connectivity, trade and investments, energy cooperation, financial cooperation, military ties, tourism and cultural ties.

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