scholarly journals What Drives Our Emotions When We Watch Sporting Events? An ESM Study on the Affective Experience of German Spectators During the 2018 FIFA World Cup

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich M. Götz ◽  
Stefan Stieger ◽  
Tobias Ebert ◽  
Peter J. Rentfrow ◽  
David Lewetz
Keyword(s):  
Sporting Events ◽  
Group Affiliation ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Core Affect ◽  
Dominant Process ◽  
Group Emotions ◽  
Fan Identity ◽  
Affective Dimensions

There is ample evidence that watching sports induces strong emotions that translate into manifold consequential behaviours. However, it is rather ill-understood how exactly spectators’ emotions unfold during soccer matches and what determines their intensity. To address these questions, we used the 2018 FIFA World Cup as a natural quasi-experiment to conduct a pre-registered study on spectators’ emotional experiences. Employing an app-based experience-sampling design, we tracked 251 German spectators during the tournament and assessed high-resolution changes in core affect (valence, activation) throughout soccer matches. Across the three German matches, multi-level models revealed that all spectators exhibited strong changes on both affective dimensions in response to Germany’s performance. Although fans experienced slightly more intense affect than non-fans, particularly during losses, this moderating effect was very small in comparison to the magnitude of the affective fluctuations that occurred independent of fan identity. Taken together, the findings suggest group emotions (collectively felt emotion irrespective of individual affiliation) rather than group-affiliation based emotions (individually felt emotion because of an affiliated group), as the dominant process underlying spectator affect during the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of mega-sporting events on hotel pricing strategies: the case of the 2014 FIFA World Cup

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert A. Barreda ◽  
Sandra Zubieta ◽  
Han Chen ◽  
Marina Cassilha ◽  
Yoshimasa Kageyama
Keyword(s):  
Revenue Management ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Hotel Performance ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of a mega-sporting event “2014 FIFA World Cup” on hotel pricing strategies and performance. Design/methodology/approachThe present project examines the host regions’ response to the 2014 FIFA World Cup which was established by the variance in the main hotel key performance indexes: occupancy, average daily rate, revenue per available room (RevPAR) and supply. Using data gathered from STR, this research distinctly shows how the Brazilian host regions reacted to the World Cup. FindingsResults suggest that the key performance indicators of Brazil’s lodging sector reacted differently to the World Cup. Although all hosting cities experienced significant RevPAR growth because of the increase in hotel room rates during the event, the supply and occupancy performed differed from each city. Research limitations/implicationsResearch is limited to the case of hotel performance at the country level for mega-events. The study focused on the reaction of revenue managers in the Latin America context. Other contexts may generate different results. Practical implicationsThe study helps revenue managers to examine how the FIFA World Cup travel demand affected pricing strategies and revenue management practices in the Brazilian hotel sector in areas undergoing seasonal growths in overnight tourism. This study serves to inform hoteliers and practitioners about revenue management pricing strategies to improve hotel performance during mega-sporting events. Social implicationsThis study reveals that the benefits brought by a mega-event are not always translated into strong hotel revenue performance. This study highlights an important but understudied research area of revenue management pricing strategies and the effect of mega-sporting events in the hotel sector. This study contributes to the literature as one of the few investigations to benefit hotel pricing strategies and overall revenue performance. Originality/valueThis study is one of the few studies about exploring the reaction of revenue managers during the execution of a mega-sporting event. The value of the present study lies in the fact that the authors extend previous studies examining the impact of the most important sporting event in the hotel industry at the country-level perspective. This study serves to inform hoteliers and practitioners about revenue management pricing strategies to improve hotel performance during mega-sporting events.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tamir Sorek ◽  
Danyel Reiche
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Affairs

Sports in the Middle East have become a major issue in global affairs: Qatar’s successful bid for the FIFA World Cup 2022 (won in a final vote against the United States), the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final in Turkey’s most populous city Istanbul, the European basketball championship EuroBasket in 2017 in Israel, and other major sporting events, such as the annually staged Formula 1 races in Bahrain and Abu Dhabi, have put an international spotlight on the region. In particular, media around the world are discussing the question of whether the most prestigious sporting events should be staged in a predominantly authoritarian, socially conservative, and politically contentious part of the world....

scholarly journals The significance of mega sporting event on infrastructure development: A case of FIFA 2022 World Cup in Qatar

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Khalifa Al-Dosari
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Infrastructural Development ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

This study sought to find how significant mega sporting events to a country are beneficial insofar as infrastructural development is concerned. The study used the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar as the case study in reference. Various researches around the concept of infrastructure development due to mega sporting events were analysed in this study. The evidence of infrastructure development due to mega sporting events was also dissected and presented in the study. The research was conducted with the help of online survey questionnaires, and the data collected was analysed by using descriptive statistics as well as an OLS regression analysis. The variables measured were infrastructural developments in the country to find the significance of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. It was found that the 2022 World cup significantly affects the development of infrastructure in the country. It was therefore concluded that major sporting events are significant in the development of infrastructure of a country. It’s recommended that the research should be used for future references in the analysis of infrastructural changes due to major sporting events.

Samba, sun and social issues: How the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Rio Olympics changed perceptions of Germans about Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-622
Author(s):  
Christiana Schallhorn
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
The Media ◽  
Crime Risk ◽  
Over Time

The host countries for mega-sporting events aim to become more visible and to be perceived positively by the global audience because of the media coverage around the event. The media’s influence on people’s perceptions is expected to be particularly high if the audience has no direct experience and little prior knowledge of the hosting nation, and thus depends on the media for information. Using a panel survey ( N = 76) with three rounds of data collection, this longitudinal study explores how television viewers’ perceptions of Brazil changed from before the 2014 FIFA World Cup to after this event, and after the 2016 Olympic Games hosted by Brazil. The results indicate that perceptions about topics related to Brazil (e.g. crime risk, standard of living, economic situation) have generally become more negative over time. Further, although associations with Brazil were very positive before the FIFA World Cup, respondents tended to associate more negative ideas with Brazil over time. Surprisingly, the intention to travel to Brazil increased after Brazil hosted the FIFA World Cup and the Olympics. Broader international significance of the findings for both host countries of mega-sporting events and broadcasting countries are discussed.

Organization and Conduct of Surveillance of Radiation Safety of the Population in Preparation and Holding of 2018 FIFA World Cup in Saint Petersburg

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
N.S. Bashketova ◽  
G.A. Gorskii ◽  
R.K. Fridman ◽  
A.V. Eremin
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Radiation Monitoring ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Sports Facilities ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
And Control

The purpose of the study was a hygienic assessment and generalization of practical experience of the St. Petersburg Rospotrebnadzor Office and the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in St. Petersburg acquired within the framework of the established powers in supervision and control of radiation safety of the population and combating radiation terrorism when preparing and holding mass events of 2018 FIFA World Cup in St. Petersburg. Materials and methods. We used the materials on planning and implementing measures to ensure radiation safety of the population and reports of the St. Petersburg Rospotrebnadzor Office and the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in St. Petersburg for 2016–2018. Results. We made a hygienic assessment of comprehensive measures for supervision and control over ensuring radiation safety of the population in preparation for mass sporting events, summarized the practice and efficient results of organizing and conducting monitoring of the radiation situation, radiation monitoring at infrastructure facilities, including radiological studies during the construction and reconstruction of sports facilities, and radiation control of baggage X-ray inspection systems used at the sites of sporting events for additional security measures. A scheme of organizing radiation monitoring of building materials and products delivered to sports facilities under construction was developed to eliminate excessive costly spectrometric studies while guaranteeing effectiveness of radiation monitoring. We demonstrated that an important step in the integrated approach to ensuring radiation safety was the control over introduction of additional safety measures immediately at the facilities operating on radioactive substances and posing radiation hazard in St. Petersburg, taking into account the category of their potential radiation hazard, as well as the preparedness of specialized Rospotrebnadzor units to promptly respond to emergency situations. Activities of the Regional Interdepartmental Operational Headquarters for Security showed absolute efficiency of interdepartmental cooperation between federal and municipal executive authorities.

scholarly journals Adjudicating sartorial elegance from the court – the sumptuary impulse in the law of modern sports sponsorship against ambush marketing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-86
Author(s):  
Chen Wei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Absolute Property ◽  
Ambush Marketing ◽  
Thing In Itself ◽  
Visual Order ◽  
Law Making

Ambush marketing, sometimes also known as guerrilla marketing, comprises attempts to create an unauthorized association with mega-sporting events (such as the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup) without obtaining official sponsorship agreements. This article contends that the contemporary law of sports sponsorships against ambush marketing harbours a palpable but much-neglected sumptuary impulse, which has never before been adequately scrutinized. It shows that pre-modern sumptuary law strangely resonates with modern anti-ambush law's sumptuary obsession with the visual order of symbols and images as prestige signifiers. It also reveals an ongoing ‘intellectual property’ turn in the recent development of sumptuary anti-ambush law-making, whose ambition is to reify sports-derived sumptuary distinction into a thing-in-itself for nearly absolute ‘property’ protection. My argument is illustrated by a carefully selected number of ambush disputes including Australian Olympic Committee (AOC) v Telstra, which represents the latest development in this field of law.

scholarly journals Respiratory Hospitalizations and Their Relationship with Air Pollution Sources in the Period of FIFA World Cup and Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4716
Author(s):  
Élida Campos ◽  
Carlos Alexandre R. Pereira ◽  
Carmen Freire ◽  
Ilce F. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Road Work ◽  
The City

Background: From 2010 onwards, the city of Rio de Janeiro has undergone changes related to the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, potentially affecting the respiratory health of inhabitants. Thus, the spatial distribution of respiratory hospitalizations (2008–2017) and the relationship between this outcome and potential air pollution sources in the city of Rio de Janeiro (2013–2017) were evaluated. Methods: An ecological study was performed using the Bayesian model with multivariate Poisson regression for the period of the sporting events (2013–2017). The outcome was the ratio of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases by the population at risk. Data analysis was performed in the total population and by sex and age group. The air pollution-related variables included industrial districts, traffic density, tunnel portals, a seaport, airports, and construction/road work. Results: All explanatory variables, except tunnel portals, were associated with an increase in the outcome. Construction/road work showed a greater magnitude of association than the other pollution-related variables. Airports were associated with an increased hospitalization ratio among the ≥60 year-old group (mean = 2.46, 95% credible intervals = 1.35–4.46). Conclusion: This study allows for a better understanding of the geographical distribution of respiratory problems in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Present results may contribute to improved healthcare planning and raise hypotheses concerning exposure to air pollution and respiratory hospitalizations.

scholarly journals The significance of mega sporting event on infrastructure development: A case of FIFA 2022 World Cup in Qatar

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Khalifa Al-Dosari
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Infrastructural Development ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

This study sought to find how significant mega sporting events to a country are beneficial insofar as infrastructural development is concerned. The study used the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar as the case study in reference. Various researches around the concept of infrastructure development due to mega sporting events were analysed in this study. The evidence of infrastructure development due to mega sporting events was also dissected and presented in the study. The research was conducted with the help of online survey questionnaires, and the data collected was analysed by using descriptive statistics as well as an OLS regression analysis. The variables measured were infrastructural developments in the country to find the significance of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. It was found that the 2022 World cup significantly affects the development of infrastructure in the country. It was therefore concluded that major sporting events are significant in the development of infrastructure of a country. It’s recommended that the research should be used for future references in the analysis of infrastructural changes due to major sporting events.

scholarly journals Spaces of Mega Sporting Events versus Public Spaces. Qatar 2022 World Cup and the City of Doha

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-80
Author(s):  
Simona Azzali
Keyword(s):  
Public Spaces ◽  
Arab Country ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The City

In the last decades, many emerging countries have been staging mega sporting events more and more frequently. Among those nations, Qatar stands out for being the first Arab country to host a FIFA World Cup. With the rationale of diversifying its economy and promoting itself as a tourist destination, Doha, its capital city, has recently staged many international events and is literally under construction, undergoing important changes in terms of transportation, infrastructure, and sports facilities. While hosting cities and organising committees often promote the supposed benefits of a mega event, experience shows an opposite trend: outcomes from staging major events are mostly harmful, and their effects are planned to last only for a short time. When it comes to sporting events sites, stadiums, and their precincts, they usually become under-used and very costly to maintain in a very short time, and their precincts are completely abandoned. What will be the destiny of the 2022 World Cup stadiums and infrastructure? How can this event be leveraged as a momentum of experimentation and sustainable growth of its capital city, Doha? Is it possible to transform the Cup’s stadiums and precincts into liveable, enjoyable and well-integrated public spaces and neighbourhoods? This work focuses on the city of Doha, which hosted the 2006 Asian Games and will host the 2022 FIFA World Cup and aims to identify strategies to plan and maximise the post-event use of event sites and venues, more specifically stadiums, to generate more liveable and sustainable public spaces. The article investigates Doha’s public spaces, and analyses the government’s legacy plans for the 2022 World Cup, with a specific focus on stadiums and their precincts. The research aims to be a warning to future hosting cities and presents a series of suggestions on how to best leverage the stage of mega sporting events to promote healthy and liveable public spaces.

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