The Doors of the Chapel and the Keys to the Palace of Louis IX

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-196
Author(s):  
Meredith Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Medieval Architecture ◽  
Royal Palace ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archival Documentation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Louis Ix ◽  
The Doors

The Doors of the Chapel and the Keys to the Palace of Louis IX considers two virtually unknown sculpted portals located in the second bay on the north side of the Sainte-Chapelle, the monumental reliquary chapel built by Louis IX in the royal palace of Paris between 1239 and 1248. Examining archaeological and archival documentation concerning these portals, Meredith Cohen provides important new insights about the initial design and function of the Sainte-Chapelle, its attendant structures, and the royal palace. After charting the history of the Chevesserie, the building to which the portals issued, Cohen proposes a relative chronology for the other structures in the palace attributed to Louis IX, arguing that construction of the Sainte-Chapelle generated major changes, which defined the palace as symbol of the royal state starting in the thirteenth century. This article contributes to the research in medieval architecture that views great monuments as part of highly complex historical topographies.

scholarly journals Silicic volcanism in the Scottish Lower Carboniferous; lavas, intrusions and ignimbrites of the Garleton Hills Volcanic Formation, SE Scotland

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-79
Author(s):  
Brian G. J. Upton ◽  
Linda A. Kirstein ◽  
Nicholas Odling ◽  
John R. Underhill ◽  
Robert M. Ellam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extensional Tectonics ◽  
Isotopic Data ◽  
Central Type ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
The North ◽  
Basaltic Magmatism ◽  
North Side ◽  
Volcanic Formation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magmatic History

Extensional tectonics and incipient rifting on the north side of the Iapetus suture were associated with eruption of (mainly) mildly alkaline olivine basalts. Initially in the Tournaisian (Southern Uplands Terrane), magmatic activity migrated northwards producing the Garleton Hills Volcanic Formation (GHVF) across an anomalous sector of the Southern Uplands. The latter was followed by resumption of volcanism in the Midland Valley Terrane, yielding the Arthur's Seat Volcanic Formation. Later larger-scale activity generated the Clyde Plateau Volcanic Formation (CPVF) and the Kintyre lavas on the Grampian Highlands Terrane. Comparable volcanic successions occur in Limerick, Ireland. This short-lived (c. 30 myr) phase was unique in the magmatic history of the Phanerozoic of the British Isles in which mildly alkaline basaltic magmatism locally led to trachytic differentiates. The Bangly Member of the GHVF represents the largest area occupied by such silicic rocks. The most widespread lavas and intrusions are silica-saturated/oversaturated trachytes for which new whole-rock and isotopic data are presented. Previously unrecognized ignimbrites are described. Sparse data from the fiamme suggest that the magma responsible for the repetitive ignimbrite eruptions was a highly fluid rhyolite. The Bangly Member probably represents the remains of a central-type volcano, the details of which are enigmatic.

Electron microscope studies of minerals: phase boundaries in an extremely slowly cooled clinopyroxene (augite)

1983 ◽  
Vol 387 (1792) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Interface ◽  
Intermediate Formation ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cooling History ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ambient Surface ◽  
Good Agreement

High resolution electron microscopy has been used to study the nature of exsolution lamellae that developed during extremely slow and prolonged cooling and depressurization of an aluminium rich augite (high Ca clinopyroxene) taken from a layer of garnet-augite rich gneiss that outcrops on the north side of Scourie Bay, Sutherland, northwest Scotland. The parent clinopyroxene structure evolved with an average cooling rate of ca . 6 x 10 -6 K per year and an average depressurization rate of ca . 0.75 Pa per year over a span of ca . 2 x 10 9 years between 3.0 x 10 9 and 1.0 x 10 9 years ago, and was subsequently stored at close to ambient surface conditions. Three sets of lamellae, which probably formed mainly during the middle of this evolution, were identified as amphibole, pigeonite and hypersthene. Coherent amphibole lamellae, ca . 10 nm thick, exsolved parallel to (010) of the host augite whereas hypersthene formed thicker lamellae 150-250 nm wide, parallel to (100) augite. Again the phase interface is coherent but contains ledges, a few lattice spacings wide, of a pigeonite structure suggesting that the growth of the hypersthene lamellae proceeded via the intermediate formation of pigeonite. Pigeonite forms ca . 90 nm thick lamellae, which extend parallel to an irrational plane (7.96, 0, 1) of host augite at 12° to (100) augite, yet at the same time maintains a coherent interphase boundary. The angle between lamellae of this type and (100) of the host augite is known to be dependent upon composition of the host augite. The quoted value indicates a (Fe+Mn)/(Fe+Mn+Mg) ratio of 0.30 ± 0.05, in good agreement with microprobe data for the host augite, which fall in the range 0.372–0.382. The micrographs also indicate that hypersthene lamellae precede amphibole. The above observations have enabled the relation between the phases and the cooling history of the rock to be established.

Migration, Commerce and Community: the Mīzābīs in Eighteenth-and Nineteenth-Century Algeria

1980 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Holsinger
Keyword(s):  
Historical Background ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Religious Ideology ◽  
The North ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Northern Cities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
And Function

The Mīzāb is an Ibādī community consisting of seven cities clustered in an arid rocky region 350 miles south of Algiers. Having established these settlements nearly a millennium ago, the Mīzābīs, as the inhabitants came to be known, struggled against formidable environmental odds and managed not only to survive but to prosper. By the sixteenth century the Mīzāb had become an important northern Saharan market. During the following centuries, the Maghrib witnessed a remarkable movement of Mīzābī men to coastal cities where they attained prominence in a variety of professions while leaving their roots firmly implanted within their distant oasis community.Following a brief historical background to settlement in the Mīzāb, this article sketches the ecological constraints of an urban community in a region virtually devoid of resources. It then traces the history of the commercial dispersion to the North during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and discusses the probable causes of emigration. The Mīzābīs were forced by environmental constraints to seek outside sources of support. Their rise to prominence in the Regency of Algiers may have been related to declining Saharan commerce and new commercial opportunities in the North. The organization and function of Mīzābī corporations in Algiers and other northern cities are described. Finally, this article relates an Ibāçī reform ethic to Mīzābī commercial success and concludes with some reflections on religious ideology and environmental demands as contributing factors to the long-term Mīzābī role in commerce.

scholarly journals Archaeology in Greece, 1899–1900

1900 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Bosanquet
Keyword(s):  
Honorary Member ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
British School ◽  
Practical Usefulness ◽  
The Press ◽  
French School ◽  
History Of ◽  
Special Meeting

It is satisfactory to be able to begin this report by announcing important additions to the equipment of three of the Athenian Schools. The German Institute was able to inaugurate its spacious new library at a special meeting held on March 12 to celebrate the completion of its twenty-fifth year. The British School has received from Mr. W. H. Cooke, nephew and joint-heir of the late George Finlay, the library of some 5,000 volumes, together with the bookshelves and antiquities, which had remained untouched in the historian's house in the ῾Οδὸς ῾Αδριανοῦ since his death in 1875. And M. Homolle is drawing up the plans for an annexe which will enable the French School to extend its hospitality to students from Belgium, Russia and other countries which have no archaeological headquarters in Athens.The excavations on the north side of the Acropolis have been suspended. The Archaeological Society is spending large sums each year upon the repairs to the Parthenon, and is also buying up houses, when opportunities occur, with a view to continuing the excavations on the site of the ancient Agora. One great undertaking, upon which the Society has been engaged at intervals for upwards of forty years, has been brought to a successful conclusion. The Stoa of Attalos is now completely cleared and from being one of the most bewildering it has become one of the most intelligible of Athenian monuments. Great credit is due to Mr. Mylonas, who has been in charge of the work for the last two years. The Archaeological Society has recently published a first instalment of the late Dr. Lolling's Catalogue of Inscriptions, and a volume on Epidaurus by Dr. Kavvadias. These are to be followed at intervals by other archaeological books. The third, which is in the press, is a history of the doings of the Society from its foundation to the year 1900. Its income and practical usefulness have increased immensely during the past five years. The Society has recently lost one of its best-known members in Stephanos Kumauudes, who was for thirty-six years its secretary and for many years keeper of its antiquities, now merged in the national museum. He was an honorary member of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies, and author of a well-known volume of sepulchral inscriptions.

The So-Called Gundulf's Tower at Rochester Cathedral. A Reconsideration of its History, Date and Function

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 111-176
Author(s):  
J. Philip McAleer
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Bell Tower ◽  
Defensive Function ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
And Function

Since the early eighteenth century, on the basis of no particular evidence, the tower standing uncomfortably close to the north choir aisle at Rochester has been attributed to Bishop Gundulf, the builder of the first Romanesque cathedral church begun c.1080. Recently, it has been suggested that the tower dates to the mid-twelfth century and was erected as a bell tower. This paper assembles the documented history of the tower, speculates about its original form, and presents comparative material. Early post-Conquest towers of a possible defensive function and the few known examples of free-standing bell towers in twelfth-century England are considered in an attempt to establish a date and function for the tower. On the basis of this evidence, it may be suggested that an early post-Conquest – and pre-Gundulf – date is more likely than one in the mid-twelfth century, and that it was more probably erected for defensive purposes rather than as a bell tower.

VIII.—The High-Level Plateau Gravels on the North Side of the Tamisian Area, and their Connexion with the Tertiary History of Central England

1904 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 497-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Irving
Keyword(s):  
Present Note ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level

The author refers to his work in former years among the High-level Plateau Gravels south of the Thames, chiefly in Berks and Surrey, the results of which were given in various papers from ten to twenty years ago.6 The present note may serve as a supplement to those papers, in which the conclusion was arrived at that the gravels in question were to be regarded as distinctly of riverine origin and, upon the whole, of Pliocene age.

Some Eighteenth Century Ferryhouses in Appin, Lorn, Argyll: the Development of the Single-Storeyed Mortared Stone Cottage in the West Highlands

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 243-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan W. MacKie
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

The evolution of the single-storeyed mortared stone cottage in the western highlands of Scotland seems to mirror that of the upper strata of late seventeenth and eighteenth century clan society in the region, and in particular to reflect a little of the disintegration of that society after the two failed Stuart uprisings and its consequent gradual integration with the lowland economy. An analysis of the architectural history of the Ferry House (let to the ferryman as a combined inn and home for his family) at Port Appin provides a foundation for the survey. The earliest part of the building, probably thatched, may well date from the 1740s but already it had lintelled hearths with flues in each gable wall - a lowland urban feature. A major extension with a slate roof was built in about 1770 and the earlier part was probably also slated at this time and subdivided inside to provide rooms for wealthier guests. Thereafter only relatively minor internal improvements were made, in the newer half, until the early 1950s when piped water was introduced and a separate bathroom and kitchen built. The cottages were sold to incomers not long after.A study of other ferries in the area confirms that mortared cottages almost identical to those in Port Appin, and in identical situations, are still to be found at two of these. The one on the south side of the abandoned Rugarve ferry over Loch Creran can also be dated to between about 1750 and 1770 from historical evidence. Also at Rugarve, on the north side, are the remains of a more primitive thatched drystone cottage, probably an early ferry house, which is smaller than the others and lacks hearths with chimneys.

The fauna and flora of the Insect Limestone (late Eocene), Isle of Wight, UK: introduction, history and geology

2013 ◽  
Vol 104 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Ross ◽  
Angela Self
Keyword(s):  
Late Eocene ◽  
Isle Of Wight ◽  
Introduction History ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
History Of ◽  
Latest Eocene

ABSTRACTThe Insect Limestone has long been known as a source of exquisitely preserved insects and other arthropods. It occurs on the north side of the Isle of Wight and is latest Eocene in age. A summary of the history of the study of the Insect Limestone is given, along with detailed stratigraphical and sedimentological information. This paper is the first in a thematic set of papers.

London in the Roman World

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Perring
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
The City ◽  
Narrative Account

This original study draws on the results of latest discoveries to describe London’s Roman origins. It presents a wealth of new information from one of the world’s most intensively studied archaeological sites, introducing many original ideas concerning London’s economic and political history. The archaeological discoveries are used to build a narrative account that explains how recent investigations in London challenge our understanding of the ancient world. The Roman city was probably converted from a fort built on the north side of London Bridge at the time of the Roman conquest, and is the place where the emperor Claudius arrived en route to claim his victory in AD 43. It was rebuilt as the commanding site for Rome’s rule of Britain. A history of social, architectural, and economic development is reconstructed from precise tree-ring dating, and used to show that investment in the urban infrastructure was provoked by the needs of military campaigns and political strategies. The story also shows how the city suffered violent destruction in resistance to Roman rule, and was brought to the verge of collapse by pandemics and political insecurity in the second and third centuries. These events had a critical bearing on the reforms of late antiquity, from which London emerged as a defended administrative enclave. Always a creature of the centralized Roman administration, and largely dependent on colonial immigration, the city was subsequently deserted when Rome failed to maintain political control. This ground-breaking study brings new information and arguments drawn from urban archaeology to our study of the way in which Rome ruled, and how empire failed.

Late Pleistocene proboscideans and early Fraser glacial sedimentation in eastern Fraser Lowland, British Columbia

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 899-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Hicock ◽  
Keith Hobson ◽  
John E. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glacial Sedimentation

Three recently radiocarbon-dated tusk segments from eastern Fraser Lowland indicate Pleistocene proboscideans (probably mammoths) lived there between 22 700 and 21 400 years ago during early Fraser (for the Fraser Lowland) ice advance into the area. Palynomorphs from silty sand adhering to a tusk indicate the animals grazed on open grassy floodplain. Sedimentologic and altimeter studies of tusk-bearing gravel indicate an early Fraser sandur, at least 10 km long and deposited at the same time as Coquitlam Drift, formed in Chilliwack Valley at the same time that a sandur or kame terrace was deposited against the north side of Promontory ridge. Probably about 21 000 years ago (the time of Coquitlam glacial maximum in western Fraser Lowland) ice blocked Chilliwack Valley, creating a glacial lake whose freshwater, Pediastrum-bearing, laminated silt has been observed up to 200 m asl. Stratigraphy and history of the area following deposition of the above gravels and silt are still uncertain without more chronologic control. However, proboscideans could have migrated southward and westward, away from ice advancing into Fraser Lowland, across ancestral Strait of Georgia via the Quadra sandur, and onto southeastern Vancouver Island to which earliest Fraser glacial ice probably advanced after 17 000 years BP.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document